How should medical staff in kindergartens and nurseries discipline their children to keep healthy?

Childhood is the fastest and most basic period in a person's life. It is the good wish of all parents and teachers to let children have a happy, happy, healthy and safe life. The healthy development of children is the fundamental foundation of children's future development. However, because of their young age, poor life experience, limited self-protection ability, lack of basic awareness of prevention and weak awareness of self-protection, children are the most prone to accidents and dangers in their lives. After investigation, it is found that the probability of accidents in early childhood is three times that of adults. The main types of accidents are: drowning; Fracture and wear caused by pushing; Swallowing foreign bodies or stuffing them into nostrils; Stabbed by a sharp weapon; There are also burns; Lost; Eating other objects by mistake and so on. Accidental injuries in early childhood sometimes lead to changes in one's life. For example: fracture kills sports talent; The scar on the face leads to a lifetime of inferiority; Organ damage caused by swallowing foreign bodies and so on. Therefore, it is very necessary to implement safety education in early childhood, which will lay a good foundation for children's lifelong happiness and health. 1. The ultimate goal of safety education under the guidance of the spirit of the outline is to let children know how to protect themselves and form a sense of safety. Therefore, it is necessary to change the disadvantages of attaching importance to knowledge transmission and neglecting ability training in the past, and focus on cultivating children's awareness and ability of self-protection and forming good behavior habits, which is the basic goal and lays a good foundation for children's lifelong development. Through various specific activities such as "daily life activities", "visiting activities", "story performance", "situational dialogue" and "labor activities", teachers' passive protection is changed into children's active protection, so that children can gradually establish awareness of prevention and safety. According to children's age characteristics and actual cognitive level, special safety education activities are carried out in combination with specific activities, so that children can acquire basic knowledge of maintaining their own safety and promoting health. Let children consciously and actively pay attention to their own behaviors, change bad behaviors, and establish and form good behavior habits that are beneficial to their health. Second, according to the season and children's age characteristics, choose the appropriate educational content. According to the age characteristics of children and the different characteristics of each season, different studies and activities are arranged in different seasons, which can not only make use of seasonal characteristics for education, but also help children understand and use them in time. 1, Spring: The spring season changes obviously, the weather is humid, and there are many infectious diseases, so you can carry out educational activities on prevention of infectious diseases and health examination. For example, in daily life activities, you can carry out activities such as "many benefits from health examination" and "after illness". Let children know the harm of diseases to people and be willing to accept health examination; When you know that you are unwell, you should tell adults in time and actively cooperate with the treatment. You can also combine activities such as "looking for spring" and "crossing the road" to understand the self-protection matters that you must pay attention to when going out in spring. 2. Summer: The midsummer season is hot, the temperature is high, and there are many mosquitoes. Therefore, we can carry out the education of heatstroke prevention and cooling, mosquito bite prevention, and also combine the safety education of swimming and paddling; There are many cold drinks in summer, so children should pay attention to food hygiene and cultivate good behavior habits; Activities such as "eating clean fruits and vegetables", "preventing heatstroke" and "gluttony and cold drinks are harmful" can be arranged in daily life activities. 3. Autumn: The climate in autumn is relatively dry, so you can carry out fire prevention education, know fire signs and know fire safety knowledge. Let children know that drinking more water is good for health and cultivate good drinking habits through daily activities such as "drinking more water is good for health" and "not playing with fire". Know that you can't play with fire casually, know the signs of fire and know the knowledge of fire safety. 4. Winter: The temperature is low in winter, so you can carry out cold and antifreeze education, protect your body and strengthen physical exercise. For example, activities such as "Xiaomei loves sports" and "Grandpa Beifeng, blow it" are very beneficial. Third, carry out basic safety knowledge education, choose topics closely related to children's daily life, and safety-related events that are easy to happen in the surrounding environment, such as not putting things in your mouth, nose or ears, not running and playing with sharp things, not touching wires and power plugs, not playing with fire, not playing in ponds, rivers and roadside. To ensure that the educational content is compatible with children's physical and mental development and children's understanding and acceptance ability. 1, simple self-protection skills training: ① Use some dangerous goods (such as scissors and pencils) correctly; You can also learn the safety knowledge of using simple tools through the activity of "planting onions and garlic"; In the labor activities of "washing and drying toys", master the labor skills of washing and wiping and the safety problems that should be paid attention to when cleaning toys. Simple self-help skills, such as nosebleeds, burns, fires, and how to save yourself when you get lost. For example, the story "Tape Friends" can let children know some methods of self-protection; "Don't go with strangers." "What if I get lost with my parents?" Activities such as "Watch out for bad guys" can help children learn how to save themselves safely and know how to protect themselves and make themselves safe. ③ Know some safety signs and learn to use them, which are toxic; Dangerous; What can't be touched? Wait. Let children understand and apply, avoid eating by mistake, and enhance their safety awareness. ④ Through activities such as "It's nice to use household appliances" and "Being a mother's little helper", let children know the safety knowledge of kitchen equipment and the uses of several common household appliances, learn the basic usage of household appliances, know the signs of electricity, and let children know that they should pay attention to safety when using electrical appliances, and can't tamper with household appliances casually. By understanding the signs of electrical appliances, let them pay attention to safety common sense. 2, combined with traffic safety education month, some traffic safety knowledge education for children, know some traffic signs, understand traffic safety rules, know the safety knowledge of riding. By observing the "car on the road" activity, let children know the simple traffic rules, understand the traffic rules that pedestrians should abide by and pay attention to traffic safety; Carry out "riding" games in daily life activities, let children know the common sense of riding in the form of games, pay attention to riding safety, know how to protect their bodies, and don't casually stick their hands, feet and heads out of the window; "Crossing the road" combined with situational dialogue, let children know some behavior rules in public places, know traffic signs and know how to obey traffic rules and public order. Four, the use of a variety of educational methods and means for safety education. Kindergarten education is included in children's daily life, study and play activities. Therefore, in the process of carrying out safety education, it will play a better educational effect to infiltrate the content of safety education into other educational forms and give full play to the interaction of various educational means. 1, combining education and teaching activities in various fields, permeating security issues. Activities in various fields of kindergarten include some opportunities for safety education. As long as teachers pay attention, they will find many entry points to combine safety education. For example, in language activities, some health knowledge runs through stories and nursery rhymes, so that children can receive safety education while learning stories and nursery rhymes. For example, the story "Friends in Plaster" can let children know that they should pay attention to protecting themselves in activities; Every time children learn to sing in music activities, they should pay attention to protecting their own voices; In sports activities, in addition to cultivating children's basic ability, we can also combine sports safety knowledge with protection knowledge; Combined with corner activities, let children review their knowledge and consolidate their behavior in the activities. For example, you can make safety signs such as "Don't touch dangerous things" into cognitive cards, so that children can consolidate their understanding and understanding in district corner activities; Combined with creative games, let children know more about the behavior rules of public places in the game and consolidate the existing safety knowledge. For example, traffic safety issues can be combined with the role game "bus". 2. Infiltrate safety education into all aspects of children's daily life activities. In children's daily life, safety education can be carried out randomly and flexibly. As long as teachers are careful to find and grasp opportunities, they can get twice the result with half the effort. For example, combined with eating and other life links, remind children not to joke when eating, prevent food from entering the trachea and causing suffocation, and also educate children on diet nutrition and cultivate good eating habits; When washing hands or going to the toilet, tell children not to push, pay attention to safety and prevent falling; When problems are found, they can also be discussed randomly and educated immediately. 3. Family cooperation can improve the effect of safety education. Children spend more time with their families. Some families don't pay enough attention to their children's safety, and parents don't take precautions against their children's curiosity and adventurous spirit, which can easily lead to accidents. For example, the items at home are placed casually, so that children can touch and play casually; If you put the lighter on the coffee table, it is very easy for children to play and cause a family fire. Some medicines, pesticides and other items at home are randomly placed, and children often eat and drink by mistake. There are also many hidden dangers at home. For example: electrical plugs, electrical appliances, medicines, kitchen knives, stoves and so on. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out safety education in the family, and the cooperation of parents can improve the effect of safety education. We can guide parents to carry out early childhood safety education by creating environment and arranging educational columns, and mobilize parents to participate in kindergarten safety education, so that family education tends to.