Physical examination is not just for middle-aged and elderly people.
Some people think that physical examination is just a formality, and big problems can't be found out; Others think that only middle-aged and elderly people will benefit from physical examination. That was not the case.
Physical examination can reduce the risk of illness.
Physical examination is closely related to everyone. Through health risk assessment, the population can be divided into low-risk population, high-risk population and chronic patient population. Physical examination and health management can effectively prevent people at risk from turning into chronic patients, thus achieving twice the result with half the effort, thus improving the overall health quality of the people and reducing the risk of diseases.
Low-risk population
Refers to the group whose health assessment is to find health problems and low health risks. They are mainly young people, who may have lifestyle and psychological stress problems. Actively carry out health education to keep this group away from bad behavior and reduce or delay the occurrence of risk factors. Generally speaking, we should give guidance and suggestions on regular work and rest time, reasonable diet and exercise plan, keeping healthy weight, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, and adjusting mental state.
high risk group
Refers to people who have obvious high-risk factors after risk assessment and need to improve their health immediately. Such as obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome. High-risk groups need to closely monitor risk factors, reduce risks and take timely intervention measures to prevent the occurrence of diseases. High-risk groups can be divided according to the following conditions:
1. According to age: different ages have different frequently-occurring diseases, and young adults may have infectious diseases, early metabolic syndrome, cancer, etc. The elderly are organ dysfunction, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases and so on.
2. According to family history, diabetes, hypertension and some cancers have a family genetic tendency.
3. According to the past medical history or abnormal findings of previous examinations, select necessary reexaminations, such as hepatitis B history, hepatic hemangioma and renal cyst found in previous examinations.
4. By occupation: computer workers and office workers who work at their desks suffer from diabetes, heart disease, hypertension and muscle joint pain, and the prevalence rate of cervical and lumbar vertebrae is obviously increased. There are also symptoms such as dry eyes, headache, irritability, fatigue and difficulty in concentration.
Teachers should pay attention to these problems because of the stimulation of dust on lungs and throat, and the influence of long-term standing and poor sitting posture on lumbar and cervical vertebrae.
Drivers are high-risk groups of hypertension, noise deafness, asthenopia syndrome, stomach diseases, cervical spondylosis and prostatic hyperplasia. At the same time, automobile exhaust contains strong carcinogens such as lead and ethylaniline, which will damage human cells.
Salespeople often eat irregularly and drink a lot, which is easy to cause digestive tract diseases.
Many jobs need to maintain a certain posture for a long time, which is prone to local fatigue, strain and even occupational diseases. Such as dust in the workplace, noisy environment, chemical exposure, radioactive material exposure, etc. Related occupational diseases should be checked regularly.
5. According to requirements: pre-marital examination, pre-pregnancy examination, induced labor examination, etc.
Chronic patient group
Refers to the population with clear disease diagnosis and need to effectively control the progress and complications of the disease through health management. Such as stroke, coronary heart disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, tumor and other diseases, it is first necessary to effectively control the disease under the diagnosis and treatment of professional doctors. At the same time, it is necessary to comprehensively correct and improve the unhealthy lifestyles and behaviors that affect the control of chronic diseases, and adopt a comprehensive health management plan to delay the development of diseases, reduce complications and improve the quality of life. Smoking, drinking, unreasonable diet, overweight, obesity, lack of physical activity, unhealthy psychological factors, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, genetic factors, age, gender … are all risk factors for chronic diseases. Regular review, reasonable intervention and control can prevent complications of chronic diseases, prevent disability and prolong life.
Be careful not to fall into these medical examination misunderstandings.
Many people have misunderstandings about physical examination, such as thinking that physical examination is for the elderly; A physical examination can make you worry-free for three or five years; Physical examination is only expensive, and only "high-precision" projects are recognized; The physical examination plan is the same every year, and so on. The following are common misunderstandings about physical examination.
Myth 1: Some tests will do harm to human body, so try not to check; Some tests are unimportant and can be omitted.
I heard that X-ray examination is harmful to human body and worried about radiation, so some people refuse relevant X-ray examination and may miss the best opportunity to treat lung cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer and breast cancer. In fact, except for women who are not suitable for pregnancy examination, the radiation dose of X-ray examination once or twice a year is far lower than the internationally accepted radiation dose standard for human organs. Some people will give up some examination items that they think are not important, such as height and weight, otolaryngology, fundus examination, anal digital examination and so on. In fact, body mass index (BMI) is an important index to judge metabolic syndrome; Screening low rectal tumors by anal digital examination is simple and direct. Fundus retina is the only peripheral blood vessel that can be directly observed by naked eyes, and its condition is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of systemic diseases (such as hypertension and diabetes).
Myth 2: A high tumor marker index must be a tumor.
Tumor markers are an important part of physical examination, but they lack specificity, and the increase of tumor markers does not mean that they have a tumor. The slight increase of tumor markers is influenced by many factors. In the case of smoking, infection and benign diseases, tumor markers will also increase to some extent. So we should attach great importance to it, follow it closely, and don't panic.
Myth 3: everything will be fine if the physical examination finds no problems.
Routine physical examination is a positive result of screening, and the opinions signed by the physical examination doctor on the physical examination report are limited to the comprehensive analysis of this physical examination result and previous physical examination reports. Don't think that everything will be fine if you pass the medical examination. It is difficult to screen out some hidden and complicated diseases by routine health examination.
Myth 4. It doesn't matter if you read the medical report.
Getting the medical report does not mean that the medical examination is over. The physical examination report contains many aspects, such as giving suggestions for health improvement and reminding people to pay attention to their diet and daily life. List of risk factors, pick out the risk figures in the physical examination results and point out the possible consequences. Doctors will also summarize the indicators of physical examination, assess the risk of illness, and give close observation and suggestions for diagnosis and treatment.
Be fully prepared and don't let external factors affect the result.
Diet: fasting red meat (pigs, cattle, mutton) and animal viscera for 3 days before physical examination; Dinner on the day before physical examination should be light, and alcohol should be restricted to avoid high fat and foods that are easy to cause flatulence such as milk and soybean milk. Pay attention to rest, avoid strenuous exercise and emotional excitement, and fast after 10 in the afternoon; On the morning of the physical examination, no food or water is allowed.
Patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension, heart disease and asthma can take a small amount of warm water (less than 100ml) in the morning, which has little effect on blood drawing and examination results. Diabetic patients should take the drugs they usually carry with them for later use.
Dress: Ladies don't wear makeup, jewelry, jumpsuits, pantyhose and underwear with steel brackets. They should wear split clothes that are easy to check.
Don't share the same room the night before gynecological examination, and don't use any vaginal drugs.
For chest X-ray and CT examination, neck ornaments and metal objects (such as necklaces, keys, zippers, etc. ) It should be removed. Don't wear clothes with metal and sequins. Don't wear too thick clothes, you can wear a thin shirt.
It is forbidden to wear metal objects such as jewelry, watches and mobile phones. If you have an MRI,
Keep the vulva clean when taking urine samples, and leave fresh urine in the middle of the morning. Women should avoid menstruation.
Clean specimen bottles should be used for fecal occult blood examination, and stool specimens within 24 hours should be taken in advance. If there is mucus or blood in the stool, pay attention to the location of mucus and blood in order to provide accurate information.
Radiology and bone mineral density examination are forbidden during pregnancy, and pregnant women are advised not to do it.
Blood sampling, abdominal B-ultrasound and 13C blowing test should be performed on an empty stomach.
B-ultrasound examination of bladder, prostate, uterus and accessories should be carried out in the state of holding urine. If you hold your urine less, please drink water to hold your urine after completing the fasting program, and then check.
Women who are unmarried (asexual) do not have gynecological internal examination, and women should not have gynecological and urine examination during menstruation.