What are the causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
1. People living in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other areas with high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China should be alert to the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma over 40 years old.
2, often in life or work can often come into contact with some lampblack, chemical poisons and people who are addicted to alcohol and tobacco, should also be checked regularly.
3. Common causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma People with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in their families or relatives are also high-risk groups of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
4. If there are unexplained headaches, nasal congestion, nosebleeds, nosebleeds, tinnitus and other symptoms, and some symptoms appear repeatedly, you should be alert to the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Touch your neck with your hand. Under normal circumstances, the cervical lymph nodes are not palpable. If you can touch the lymph nodes, it means that the lymph nodes are swollen. You should go to the hospital for examination in time.
2. Early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
1, headache
When nasopharyngeal carcinoma is first diagnosed, about 70% patients have headache symptoms. Headache symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are often migraine, occipital pain on the top of the head or neck pain. The headache of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is mostly related to the invasion of skull base bone, nerve and blood vessel by cancer tissue.
2, nasal congestion
Nasal congestion is an early symptom of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Most of them are unilateral nasal congestion. Bilateral nasal congestion can occur when nasopharyngeal tumors grow.
3, tinnitus, hearing loss
Tinnitus, deafness and hearing loss are also early signs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This symptom is caused by the obstruction of eustachian tube mouth by new nasopharyngeal carcinoma organisms. The further deterioration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the damage of auditory nerve may also lead to hearing loss. Tinnitus and hearing loss are often misdiagnosed as otitis media or other diseases, which delays treatment.
4. Blood and tears
Nosebleed is another early symptom of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is characterized by blood in the nose or sputum. Blood and tears often appear after getting up in the morning. When the amount of nasal mucus is small, it is often ignored by patients, mistaken for rhinitis or sinusitis, or treated as hemoptysis in internal medicine.
5, cervical lymph node enlargement
Many patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma often accidentally touch a "lump" on their neck and seek medical treatment. This "lump" is actually an enlarged lymph node. Cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with early nasopharyngeal carcinoma is often misdiagnosed as inflammation. For cervical masses that have not shrunk or even rapidly increased after anti-inflammatory treatment, especially those with hard texture, poor mobility and more painless cervical masses that are fused together, it is necessary to see a doctor in time.
3. How to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
1. surgical therapy
Due to the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the scope of indications for surgical treatment has been expanded. In order to promote the postoperative recovery of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prevent the spread and metastasis of cancer cells, taking anticancer drugs together can improve the immunity of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and reduce postoperative recurrence.
2. Chemotherapy
Except for a few patients, most patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma need chemotherapy after resection. Because some cancer cells may remain after resection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, or metastatic lesions may exist through lymph or blood system, compared with simple surgery, postoperative chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a longer survival period and a lower recurrence rate.
3. Radiotherapy
Because there are many complications of radiotherapy, and even some functions are lost, radiotherapy is not effective for patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is generally treated with traditional Chinese medicine, which has low radiosensitivity. Only 60% of patients' tumors shrank by more than 50% after radiotherapy alone or combined chemotherapy, and only 65,438+00% of patients' tumors completely disappeared. The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is mainly auxiliary or palliative.