Second, knowledge, beliefs and behavior patterns.
Knowledge, attitude, belief, practice, kabp or kap are one of the patterns to change human health-related behaviors. It divides the change of human behavior into three continuous processes: acquiring knowledge, generating belief and forming behavior, which can be expressed as: knowledge → belief → behavior.
"Knowledge" refers to knowledge and learning, "faith" refers to belief and attitude, and "action" refers to behavior and action.
The model of knowledge, belief and action holds that knowledge is the foundation, belief is the driving force and the generation and change of behavior is the goal. People acquire relevant health knowledge and skills through learning, and gradually form healthy beliefs and attitudes, thus contributing to the emergence of healthy behaviors.
Third, the health belief model.
Health belief model is a theoretical model that uses social psychology to explain health-related behaviors. The health belief model holds that people must have the following three understandings if they want to take some behaviors that promote health or quit some behaviors that endanger health:
1. Recognize the threat and severity of diseases or risk factors.
(1) Understanding of the severity of a disease-refers to an individual's view of the severity of a disease. Including people's judgment on the clinical consequences caused by diseases, such as death, disability, pain and so on. Judgment of social consequences caused by diseases, such as work troubles, unemployment, family conflicts, etc.
(2) Understanding of disease susceptibility-refers to the individual's understanding of the possibility of suffering from a certain disease, including the acceptance of doctors' judgment and his own judgment on the possibility of disease occurrence and recurrence.
2. Recognize the difficulties and benefits of taking or giving up a certain behavior.
(1) Understanding of the effectiveness of behavior refers to people's judgment on whether taking or giving up a certain behavior can effectively reduce the risk of illness or reduce the consequences of illness, including alleviating pain and reducing the social impact of illness. Only when people realize the effectiveness of their actions can they consciously take action.
(2) Understanding of taking or giving up a certain behavior obstacle-refers to people's understanding of the difficulties encountered in taking or giving up a certain behavior, such as the level of cost, the degree of pain, the degree of convenience, etc. Only when people are fully aware of these difficulties can their behavior be maintained and consolidated.
3. Confidence in your ability to take or give up certain behaviors.
Also known as performance expectation or self-efficacy. That is to say, a person has a correct evaluation and judgment of his own behavior ability, and believes that he will be able to overcome obstacles and complete this action through hard work to achieve the expected effect.
To sum up, the health belief model follows the following steps in the practice of promoting healthy behaviors and giving up harmful behaviors:
First of all, people are fully afraid of their health-threatening behavior;
Secondly, make them firmly believe that once they give up this kind of health-threatening behavior and adopt corresponding health-promoting behavior, they will get valuable consequences, and at the same time clearly understand the difficulties that may be encountered in the process of behavior change;
Finally, let them have confidence to change their behavior.