At present, psychological problems of children and adolescents occur from time to time, and mental health has become an important part of health, which has attracted more and more attention.
Infants and young children are the critical period of personality formation, and personality and many psychological qualities are formed during this period, with strong plasticity, immature psychology and low self-control, which are easily influenced by environmental factors. Therefore, it is very necessary to strengthen children's mental health education at this stage and maintain and promote their mental health.
Children's psychological and behavioral problems can be manifested as self-control problems such as inattention, hyperactivity and poor self-control; Emotional problems such as bad temper, separation anxiety, strange fear; Parent-child relationship problems such as nervousness, rebellion and rebellion; Interpersonal communication problems such as unsociable, timid, over-dependent, over-sensitive, and slow language development; School learning problems such as weariness, truancy and learning difficulties; Biofunctional behavior problems such as enuresis, dreaminess, anorexia and picky eaters; Behavioral problems such as leg rubbing syndrome, nail biting, finger sucking, hitting people, slacking, procrastination, etc. If these problems arise, we should seek professional psychological counseling for children in time.
In addition, the recommended sand table game course for children is mainly suitable for children aged 2- 14.
Sandplay is widely used in children's psychological education and psychotherapy at present, which can provide a "free and protected" space for children. Here, children can not only reproduce scenes related to their own experiences through symbols and metaphors to help therapists find problems and guide them, but also vent their emotions to achieve therapeutic purposes and enrich their imagination and social skills. It is a popular psychotherapy method in the world at present.
Second, help children have an emotionally healthy childhood.
Every child is born with a blank sheet of paper. They can't speak, so they have to express their needs and emotions through crying, and their closest caregivers have become natural "translators" for children. Whether a person can have an emotionally healthy childhood will be greatly influenced by the whole environment, especially the caregivers.
1. In an emotionally healthy childhood, there will always be people who serve us wholeheartedly. When we are helpless babies, there is such a caregiver (usually our parents) who will put aside their own needs and take care of us wholeheartedly.
Caregivers will help us express our needs, appease our emotions and create a quiet, comfortable and understandable world for us, but they will not ask us to thank, understand or sympathize, nor will they ask us to care about whether the caregivers are doing well. This staged unilateral relationship will provide a guarantee for us to finally form a healthy two-way relationship.
In a healthy childhood, caregivers will try their best to rationalize all our behaviors and encourage us to question everything. Our caregivers will constantly look for deeper and more compassionate reasons under the surface to explain our behavior;
Caregivers will help us to support ourselves and like ourselves, so that we will not be overly defensive about our shortcomings until we are strong enough to accept them;
Caregivers make us firmly believe that he will always be there, and he will firmly pay for us. He is not unpredictable and willing to take his contribution for granted. Over time, we have established trust in interpersonal relationships, which will run through our lives.
3. An emotionally healthy growth process is tolerant of shortcomings. In the process of emotional healthy growth, children will learn that broken things can also be repaired; The plan will go wrong, but you can make a new plan; You can stand up after falling and pat off the dust. Caregivers will personally demonstrate for children how to calm down, move on and keep hope when encountering problems.
How to effectively restore what you have learned from the outside world will gradually become a way for children to learn to talk to themselves. Importantly, the childhood fault tolerance rate of emotional health is very high. We don't need to do everything perfectly, and caregivers don't need to eliminate every setback for children, because appropriate and controllable setbacks will enable children to accumulate experience and develop their personality.
Disappointment is also useful, and tolerable disappointment can speed up the process of children creating their inner world. Children will find that good caregivers are not completely good or bad, so they will not be idealized or vilified. Children will look at the shortcomings and advantages of caregivers with a mature and grateful attitude, and gradually accept the fact that everyone they like is a mixture of pros and cons.
Third, the method of positive emotional management.
Different emotions will directly or indirectly affect a person's health. Cheerful, relaxed and open-minded are important factors for people's health and longevity.
On the contrary, negative emotions such as anger, hatred, sadness, anxiety, depression, pain and sadness will lead to a series of physiological and psychological changes and affect people's health.
1. Children's emotional management must first detect their emotions.
Children, like adults, have reasons behind their emotions, whether they know or not. When parents find that their children are angry or depressed for no reason, they might as well stop to understand what happened in their children's lives and use some methods to guide their children to express their emotions safely.
2. Observing emotions is an opportunity to approach children and teach them.
Some parents try to ignore their children's negative emotions and hope that their children's emotions will pass, but they often find that the effect is not good. In fact, emotional relief still depends on parents to help children sort out and understand their emotions, so as to avoid emotional expansion or deterioration.
3. Listen and confirm your child's emotions
To understand children's emotions, parents need to pay attention to their body language, such as facial expressions and postures. Don't forget, children also observe their parents' body language. Therefore, parents can respond in a relaxed but focused way and tone without asking questions, such as "Do you look a little tired today?" Then, wait for the child's response.
4. Help children express their emotions in words.
In family education, when parents see their children crying, they can respond empathetically: "You feel very sad, don't you?" This will not only let children know their emotions, but also learn the words to describe them.
Studies show that if a person can describe emotions with appropriate words, he can help himself to have a soothing or calming effect on the nervous system.
Children, like adults, have more than two mixed emotions at the same time. Parents can let their children know that this is normal, for example, "I know you are a little excited and a little afraid to participate in the competition."
Discuss solutions with children.
Let children know that their emotions are not a problem, but deviant behavior is the problem, which is the key to help children grow and progress. Discuss ways to solve problems with your children. For example, parents can say, "You are angry that Xiaojie took your things. If it were you, I would be angry, but it was wrong for you to hit him. Let's see if there are other solutions. "