The authoritative answer of Shenyang 705 Hospital: 1. Psychological nursing: reducing psychological pressure: helping patients correctly understand the value of survival; Block patients' negative thinking, improve their psychological quality and enhance their ability to cope with psychological pressure; Establish effective nurse-patient communication: encourage them to express their inner feelings, listen patiently and pay attention to the use of nonverbal communication.
2, daily life care: improve sleep; Strengthen nutrition and increase appetite; Urging and helping the elderly to take care of themselves, through the exercise of self-care ability, can help the elderly to enhance their confidence and restore a positive attitude, which is of great benefit to the treatment of mental disorders.
3. Safety nursing: strictly implement the nursing patrol system, especially for those who attempt suicide; Evaluate the causes of suicide and possible suicide methods; Provide a safe environment; At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen communication with patients and give suicidal people the motivation to live again through encouragement and guidance.
4. Observe the curative effect and adverse reactions: When using substances for treating mental disorders, strictly control the indications and contraindications according to the doctor's advice, observe the reaction of patients after taking them at any time, and take patients for follow-up examination regularly.
5. Health guidance: change patients' unhealthy lifestyle, make them closer to nature, and prevent them from feeling oppressive in a noisy and crowded environment, which is not good for their condition. We should also patiently correct their unhealthy behaviors and psychology on weekdays and help them recover as soon as possible.
2. What should the family rehabilitation of patients with mental disorders do?
First, medication. It is mainly to control symptoms and maintain treatment during the onset period. Doctors make regular home visits or telephone consultations and distribute medicines.
Second, psychotherapy. Doctors regularly give explanatory and supportive psychotherapy to patients in convalescence, patiently listen to patients' feelings and thoughts, help patients analyze the factors related to the onset, improve patients' cognitive ability of mental illness and restore their insight; Encourage patients to face social prejudice and discrimination correctly; Guide patients to correctly treat difficulties in life, family and work, enhance tolerance and adaptability to social and psychological factors, and promote psychological rehabilitation.
Third, occupational therapy. The vocational rehabilitation of mental patients is not for profit. For patients with stable illness and certain working ability, we should guide them to do what they can, such as planting flowers, doing handicrafts and helping their families with housework. More importantly, patients should be encouraged to work in factories, and patients should not be allowed to engage in mechanical, monotonous and boring work for a long time. Instead, it is necessary to promote the rehabilitation of diseases through targeted rehabilitation training, from simple to complex, from easy to difficult, and step by step.
Fourth, home-based care for the elderly. Including diet and personal care, often strengthen patients' memory, encourage them to do more, use their brains properly and read books properly. , so as to delay the development of the disease, and according to the patient's family situation, educate his family members and guardians about family nursing knowledge and daily speaking skills.
5. Knowledge lectures and publicity. Doctors give lectures on disease knowledge to patients' families or guardians. The content is the common sense of schizophrenia and how to help patients recover. Through radio and television, free clinic in wall newspaper square, etc., publicize mental health knowledge and create an atmosphere of respecting mental patients and reducing discrimination.
3. mental illness
Hello, severe psychosis refers to those mental diseases that show serious mental disorders. The clinical manifestations are serious lack of self-awareness, serious impairment of daily life function, inability to maintain normal contact with real life, serious hallucinations, delusions, strange behavior, strange thinking and other symptoms.
It mainly includes schizophrenia, schizophrenia affective disorder, paranoid psychosis, bipolar disorder, mental disorder caused by epilepsy, mental retardation with mental disorder and so on. Mental disorder refers to the disorder of brain functional activities, which leads to different levels of mental activities such as cognition, emotion, behavior and will.
Common are emotional mental disorder and brain organic mental disorder. There are many pathogenic factors: congenital inheritance, personality characteristics and physical factors, organic factors, social and environmental factors and so on.
Many patients with mental disorders have delusions, hallucinations, delusions, emotional disorders, crying and laughing, talking to themselves, acting strangely, and declining will. Most patients lack self-knowledge, do not admit that they are sick, and do not actively seek the help of doctors. I hope my answer can help you.
4. mental illness
Mental illness, also known as mental illness, refers to the clinical manifestations of mental activities in different degrees, such as cognition, emotion, will and behavior, caused by brain dysfunction under the influence of various biological, psychological and social environmental factors.
The cause of disease
1. Biological factors
At present, the most popular explanation of mental illness is biological explanation; A mental patient may have different brain structures or functions, or have different neurochemical reactions, whether caused by genetic or environmental damage (such as fetal alcohol syndrome). For example, many patients diagnosed with schizophrenia have been proved to have swollen ventricles and atrophied gray matter. In addition, some people think that the imbalance of neurotransmitters can also lead to mental illness. Many genetics and twin studies have confirmed that mental diseases such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia can be inherited.
2. Psychological factors
Psychologists believe that conflict, crisis, tension and trauma may lead to mental illness, especially in vulnerable people. For example, a child who witnessed the murder of his parents may be depressed and nervous, and even suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder.
3. Social factors
Sociologists believe that major events and situations can lead to mental illness. For example, people in this area are more likely to suffer from mental illness when they suffer from social movements, wars or natural or man-made diseases. Poverty, uncertainty and lack of resources and assistance areas will also have a higher chance of mental illness than rich and stable areas.
clinical picture
1. Initial performance
(1) Personality mutation People who were lively, cheerful and hospitable suddenly became cold, alienated, withdrawn, unsociable, lazy and undisciplined. Nothing is old.
(2) Emotional disorders become indifferent, indifferent to relatives, uninterested in things around them, and the temper begins to become grumpy. They often lose their temper over trifles and laugh or cry for no reason.
(3) weird behavior. Behavior began to get strange. Like to be in a daze, like to be alone, it is difficult for ordinary people to communicate with them.
(4) sensitive and suspicious, sensitive to everything, and attaching everything around him to himself. I think others are talking about him, not eating or drinking, thinking that someone is trying to hurt him, and sometimes even hallucinations and hallucinations appear.
(5) Sleep disorder gradually or suddenly becomes difficult to fall asleep, even if it falls asleep, it is easy to wake up or sleep deeply, insomnia, dreaminess or excessive sleep all night.
(6) Psychoactive substances, mental disorders caused by alcoholism, mental disorders caused by organophosphorus poisoning and independent mental disorders, mental disorders caused by adrenocortical hormones, mental disorders caused by sedation and hypnosis, etc.
2. Common symptoms
(1) Sensory disorders include hypersensitivity, insensitivity, inversion and lack of internal sensation.
(2) Perceptual disorders include illusion, false vision, hallucination and perceptual syndrome.
(3) Thinking obstacles include avoidance, slowness, poverty, relaxation, pathological repetition, incoherent thinking, interruption, aggregation and symbolic thinking. Words such as logical thinking, sophistry thinking, repeated imitation, rigidity, and delusion of thinking, interpretation and image. Thinking insertion, etc.
(4) Attention disorder includes active attention disorder and passive attention disorder.
(5) Memory disorders include memory enhancement, decline, forgetfulness, dislocation, fiction, hidden memory and deja vu.
(6) Mental retardation can be divided into congenital mental retardation and acquired dementia.
(7) Emotional disorders include the experience and expression of joy, anger, sadness, joy, love, hate, sadness and worry. Common emotional disorders: high mood, euphoria, depression, anxiety, fragility, excitement, dullness, indifference, metamorphosis, terror, contradiction, etc.
(8) Obstacles of will and behavior include strengthening, weakening, lack, perversion, contradiction, rigidity, contradiction, stiff movements, imitation, posturing and weird behaviors.
treat cordially
Treatment methods include supportive measures such as psychotherapy, psychological counseling, lifestyle adjustment, or comprehensive use of the above methods.
prevent
1. Carry out etiological research to provide scientific basis for basic preventive measures. Etiological prevention is the most fundamental preventive measure. Many mental health research institutions and experts in China have been engaged in the research of genetics, physiology, biochemistry, psychology and sociology of mental illness. The causes of some mental diseases with definite or basically definite causes were prevented.
2. Strengthen the investigation and research on the epidemiology of mental illness, and explore the occurrence, development and prevention of diseases.
3. Strengthen the education of mental health knowledge, improve people's mental health level, reduce the occurrence of mental illness, carry out psychotherapy for patients, publicize the knowledge of mental illness, correct or improve their own personality defects, improve psychological resilience, which is conducive to rehabilitation and prevent recurrence.
4. Expand the professional team for the prevention and treatment of mental illness, and improve the professional knowledge level of psychiatrists. Non-specialist medical staff should also have the necessary psychiatry, strengthen publicity and change their prejudice against mental illness and patients, which is conducive to early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment.
5. The extensive establishment of mental illness prevention and treatment institutions and the development of community mental health services are conducive to the rehabilitation of mental illness and the prevention of recurrence.