What nutrients should be supplemented in the diet to keep the respiratory system healthy?

Nutritional treatment of respiratory diseases, 1 principles of nutritional treatment, the principle of nutritional treatment is to supplement energy, protein, water, various vitamins and minerals, and adopt a light diet. On the basis of ensuring the patients' normal energy demand, we should provide high-quality protein, sufficient C and B vitamins, and potassium, sodium and calcium. At the beginning, patients adopt a diluted, light and digestible liquid or semi-liquid diet, with a small number of meals, preferably 5-6 meals a day. People with fever choose food with heat-clearing effect and avoid iced food or cold drink. After the symptoms are relieved, you can eat some common foods, such as porridge, noodles, fresh vegetables and fruits. Drinking more water can dilute the symptoms of systemic poisoning and alleviate the condition. Acute upper respiratory tract infection has a short course of disease and generally does not cause malnutrition, so the daily energy and nutrition supply can be the same as that of normal people. Eat more foods rich in high-quality protein to improve immune function, which is conducive to eliminating inflammation and eating less greasy food. The energy intake of fever patients should be slightly lower than usual. 2 Choice of food (1) Suitable food: semi-liquid or liquid food, rice soup, mung bean soup, red bean soup, lotus root starch, soybean milk, watermelon juice, pear juice, orange juice, red dates, ginger soup, egg soup, porridge, mashed vegetables, minced meat, noodles, fish balls and meatballs. Can be used in the early stage of infection; People with sore throat and mild cough can eat pears or pear juice, orange peel water, chrysanthemum water and loofah juice; People with excessive phlegm can use coix seed, adzuki bean, lentil, radish seed, apricot and orange peel. Sick people can eat more foods rich in high-quality protein, such as milk, soybean milk, eggs, lean meat, fish, etc. People who sweat a lot can eat fresh fruit juice, vegetable juice, sugar salt water and so on. (2) No food: sweets, smoked food, greasy food, cold drinks, chilled food and overheated food. Foods containing more fat, such as animal fat, fat, walnuts, pine nuts, peanuts, etc. Avoid irritating foods, such as leeks, peppers, garlic, tea, coffee and chocolate. Although mustard can relieve the symptoms of nasal congestion, it is irritating to the digestive tract and should be used less. Patients should pay attention to the taboo of compatibility between drugs and food when taking drugs. You can't take medicine with fruit juice or refreshing drinks, because fruit acid can easily lead to the early decomposition or melting of drugs, and drugs are not easily absorbed in the small intestine; Don't take aspirin before and after drinking, and don't take aspirin with tea; Avoid nourishing drugs such as ginseng, codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus and Radix Rehmanniae, so as to avoid the retention of pathogenic factors; Avoid abusing traditional Chinese medicine for clearing away heat and toxic materials. The nutritional treatment of acute tracheitis-bronchitis is based on a balanced diet of ordinary people, with high-quality protein, abundant vitamins, low-fat diet and light and soft food. To increase the quality of protein and improve the immune function of patients. Drink plenty of water, such as warm water, milk, soybean milk, rice soup, filtered vegetable juice or fruit juice. Eat foods rich in vitamin A, vitamin C and selenium, such as animal liver, pears, oranges, watermelons, mushrooms, kelp and laver. During the attack, patients mainly eat light semi-liquid food and liquid diet, such as milk, soybean milk, rice soup, egg soup, wonton and porridge. People with excessive phlegm and severe cough should eat more foods with expectorant and antitussive effects, such as dried tangerine peel and Laiyang pear. People with lung dryness and cough can choose sesame, honey, black fungus and so on. Avoid foods that are too cold, too hot, too sweet, too salty and too spicy. Nutritional therapy for bronchial asthma 1 principles of nutritional therapy are based on proper protein, vitamins and minerals, low-salt diet and allergic food intake. (1) Balanced energy supply: patients with mild asthma should take liquid or semi-liquid food during the attack, and the energy and recommended dietary supply can be lower than that of ordinary people, and those with insufficient oral intake can be supplemented intravenously; The energy and nutrition needs in remission period are the same as those of normal people, so eating ordinary food is enough. (2) Reasonable supply of three nutrients: Appropriate amount of protein can improve malnutrition and enhance immune function. Protein intake of asthma patients should be 14%~ 18% of total energy. Fat intake can save protein and promote the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. The daily fat intake of asthma patients should account for 32%~36% of the total energy, mainly vegetable oil. (3) Adequate vitamins and minerals: on the basis of ensuring a balanced diet, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A and carotene are supplemented. Vitamin B6 can reduce the incidence of asthma patients and reduce the degree of asthma attack; Vitamin C is an antioxidant, which can prevent bronchial contraction and help relieve asthma. Foods rich in vitamin C are mainly fruits, such as lemons, oranges and persimmons. Spinach, cauliflower, green pepper and tomato in vegetables contain a lot of vitamin C. Vitamin A and carotene have obvious rehabilitation effect on epithelial tissue of respiratory system and can relieve asthma. Foods containing vitamin E include animal liver, carrots and leeks, and foods containing vitamin E include vegetable oil, eggs, fish, beef, pork and peanuts. Selenium can relieve bronchial contraction, such as sesame, animal liver, garlic, dried seaweed, sea cucumber and so on. Magnesium can relax bronchial muscles, including sea cucumber, oatmeal, shrimp skin, green tea, soybeans, fungus, peanuts, black sesame and so on. (4) Control the intake of allergic foods: Common allergic foods include fish, shrimp, crab, eggs and milk. (5) Low-salt diet: Too salty food will cause bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and induce or aggravate asthma symptoms. The recommended daily salt content for asthma patients is 3g. Nutritional treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-an overview of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including chronic bronchitis