Prevention:
The prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases includes primary prevention and secondary prevention. Primary prevention refers to prevention before onset, that is, disease-free prevention; Secondary prevention is to reduce the risk of recurrence and disability rate, that is, to prevent recurrence after illness.
1. Prevention of embolism
Blood vessels, especially coronary arteries, tend to contract and spasm in cold winter, leading to insufficient blood supply and possible embolism, so we should pay great attention to keep warm. High-risk patients can take effective antithrombotic therapy under the guidance of doctors, such as taking aspirin for a long time.
2. Problems that patients should pay attention to in morning exercise.
During sleep, the nervous system of the human body is in a state of inhibition and lack of vitality. When you get up in the morning, you suddenly have a large amount of exercise, and your nerve excitability suddenly increases, which is easy to induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Pay attention in winter.
3. Change the bad lifestyle
Bad lifestyle is an important factor leading to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which directly affects the rehabilitation and prognosis of the diseases. Control the total diet and adjust the diet structure; Adhere to exercise, step by step, do what you can, and persevere; Quit smoking and drinking, and combine work and rest; Reduce the intake of sodium salt, and control the daily salt within 5g; Increase the intake of potassium salt, with potassium salt ≥4.7g per day.
4. Eat more foods rich in arginine.
Foods rich in arginine help to regulate vascular tension, inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce vascular injury. This kind of food includes sea cucumber, loach, eel, sesame, yam, ginkgo, bean curd skin, sunflower seeds and so on.
5. Controlling blood pressure and blood lipid is the key.
(1) Blood pressure control keeps blood pressure within an ideal range, which is the most important thing to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The data show that the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in patients with hypertension who insist on long-term treatment is only110 of those who do not insist on treatment, that is to say, as long as blood pressure is controlled for a long time, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases can be reduced by 90%.
(2) Blood lipid control If there is too much blood lipid, it will easily cause "blood thickening", which will deposit on the blood vessel wall and gradually form small plaques, which is often referred to as atherosclerosis, which will lead to various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Common blood lipid control is taking lipid-regulating drugs, including statins, fibrates, nicotinic acid and so on. Abnormal blood lipid is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and controlling blood lipid has also become the top priority in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
6. supplements should be in moderation
Our people have the habit of tonic in winter, and exercise less in winter. In addition, a large number of tonic hot foods and medicinal liquor can easily lead to elevated blood lipids and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, winter tonic must be carried out according to personal physique.
Treatment:
1. Keep your mind balanced.
Patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia should especially relax their mentality and not let their emotions fluctuate too much.
Proper exercise
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients should exercise properly, and the reduction of exercise will also cause slow blood flow and elevated blood lipids. It is necessary to arrange exercise time reasonably and control the amount of exercise. In winter, you should wait until the sun rises before exercising. At this time, the temperature rises, which can prevent the body from suddenly getting sick due to cold stimulation.
3. Control risk factors
Strictly control blood pressure to an ideal level, take effective lipid-regulating drugs, control diabetes, improve insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities, and quit smoking.
4. Drug therapy
According to different cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, targeted therapeutic drugs are given to relieve symptoms, improve prognosis and prevent complications.
5. Surgical therapy
Through surgery or interventional therapy, stop bleeding at the bleeding site, eliminate hematoma, or improve blood supply at the ischemic site.
6. Rehabilitation treatment
After the patient's condition is stable, start with simple passive exercise and gradually do active exercise, and finally achieve the goal of self-care. Early rehabilitation training is particularly important for functional recovery of patients with cerebrovascular diseases.