When designing a hydropower station project, we must have a good understanding of the water environment around the project. When the hydropower hub is built on the axis of the barrage, we can choose the right one to design the powerhouse, and then choose the right address after comparing the left and right powerhouse. Secondly, it is necessary to analyze the position of the barrage and its influence on the water level, and carefully analyze the influence of the barrage on the water flow. The selection and arrangement of ship locks also need to be analyzed according to the overflow dam before making a decision, and the overflow dam needs to consider its discharge capacity. This involves the problem of how to choose a hydraulic turbine. Hydraulic turbine is an indispensable operation equipment of power station. Among them, the mechanical conversion between kinetic energy and potential energy of water flow is realized by the work of hydraulic turbine. The selection of hydraulic turbine must be reasonable, because its working condition directly affects the efficiency, economy and safety of the unit.
The selection and design of hydraulic turbines are also related to the operation of hydropower hub buildings. We need to choose turbines produced by standardized manufacturers, and the most important thing is the operating conditions of turbines. We need to select the operating characteristic curve of the turbine in the effective area. Especially when the unit is running, the water head must be changed within the performance range of the steam turbine, otherwise it will aggravate the vibration and corrosion of the steam turbine, thus reducing the service life and operation efficiency of the steam turbine.
2 Hub architectural design
2. 1 overflow dam
The first step in architectural design of hydropower project is to design a reasonable overflow dam. The layout of overflow dams is generally selected in the main channel on the right side of the river bed, mainly including the left bank trapezoidal overflow dam and the right bank trapezoidal overflow dam. In the design process, the length and crest elevation of overflow dam need to be designed according to the actual situation on site, and the layout of dam body also needs to be adapted to local conditions. Different layout forms will have a great impact on the function of the dam in the work, so in any case, we need to design a reasonable overflow dam form according to the water flow situation and actual operating conditions on site.
2.2 Workshop and Switch Station
It is also very important to design the workshop and switching station of small hydropower hub. The design of these two factors is influenced by the size and form of water flow in hydropower station. According to the actual situation of the construction site, the workshops are arranged on the left bank of the river bed and the left side of the overflow dam section. In the design process, the installation position of auxiliary workshop and main engine is also affected by water flow, so the size of workshop and the layout position of workshop units must be selected according to the actual situation on site. Among them, the spacing between units also needs to be arranged reasonably according to the size of the factory building and the number of units. After selecting a suitable unit, it is necessary to consider the installation conditions of the unit, especially the installation height of the turbine, which directly affects the inlet elevation and outlet elevation of the runner, so it is objectively necessary to install the turbine in a suitable position. According to the arrangement and work needs of electromechanical equipment in actual operation, the elevation of pipeline layer and operation elevation should be determined after careful analysis and calculation. The size of the workshop, the most important of which is the height design of the workshop, is also affected by the installation height of mechanical and electrical equipment.
2.3 factory area
Because the architectural design of small hydropower hub is influenced by topography, it is necessary to consider the design of the factory area. According to the actual situation between the living area and the topography of the factory, considering the high position and present situation of the flood, it is considered that if the upstream and downstream walls of the factory building are directly used to retain water. In the process of plant design, it is necessary to consider whether plants can play the greatest role in flood control, so it is generally necessary to design a deep buffer ditch next to plants. According to the usual design experience, its depth is generally around 10m. Backfilling the buffer ditch with the muck excavated in the workshop also saves the intermediate link of transporting the muck abroad. In addition, it is necessary to preset a drainage culvert along the transformation point, and the width of this culvert is generally controlled at around1m. In addition, along these buffer ditches and drainage ditches, an inspection well must be set at a certain distance, so that when there is a problem in operation, the location of the problem can be found in time, and emergency treatment can be carried out in time to ensure the normal operation of the small hydropower hub.
2.4 dam foundation treatment
According to the results of geological drilling near the hydropower station, combined with the fact that the bedrock of different dam sections and powerhouse sections along the small hydropower station is weakly weathered silty mudstone, and the joints and cracks of rock mass are developed, the development of local rock and soil mass of the hydropower station can be understood and analyzed. Its geological structure and water absorption can also be analyzed and tested by using existing advanced instruments. Dam foundation is the foundation of small hydropower projects. During the normal operation of the hydropower station, it is constantly tested by various realistic environments, so it is necessary to choose a place that is very suitable for the rock layer. The soil and rock components in its address structure need to meet the requirements of architectural design. In the design process, we should fully consider all possible situations and choose the place with the most suitable natural environment and geographical conditions for dam foundation construction.
When necessary, we can reinforce the dam foundation with concrete filling. For the deeply dug dam foundation, concrete backfill can also be used to make the dam foundation more solid. In a word, the excavation and filling treatment of dam foundation must ensure that the dam can withstand the outdated operation condition of the maximum water flow in the future and ensure that the foundation project of the dam is stable under the most unfavorable conditions. Only in this way can we ensure the normal and stable operation of other components of the small hydropower hub, play its role and social value, and better serve people's lives.
In short, with the improvement of China's economic level and education level, the architectural design of small hydropower hubs is becoming more and more standardized. The construction of hydropower hub in China should follow the principle of energy conservation and environmental protection, on the one hand, protect natural resources, on the other hand, make rational use of natural resources. We should build more modern buildings. On the one hand, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of water resources by shops and shops through energy-saving materials and equipment. At the same time, we should also consider giving people a comfortable living environment. In the process of architectural design, we should adhere to the building principle of green energy saving and environmental protection, so the principle of energy saving is very important. We should constantly summarize and design healthier, safer and more livable architectural designs of small hydropower hubs.
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