People's mental health is a relatively independent and extremely complex dynamic process, so the impact on mental health is complex and diverse. According to different functions, it can be divided into two categories: internal cause and external cause; According to the different nature, it can be divided into three categories: biological genetic factors, psychological environmental factors and social environmental factors.
As the name implies, the internal cause is the internal cause that affects a person's mental health, and the external cause is the external inducement that affects mental health. Internal cause is the essential reason that determines people's mental state: external cause plays a role through internal cause, making the change of people's mental health state realistic.
For example, intense study life and strong study pressure will make students with good mental state more enthusiastic about learning and make them invest more energy in learning; But if they are students with poor psychological conditions, they may cause excessive anxiety and lead to psychological barriers.
Internal factors are inherent and subjective factors that a person has, which mainly include two types: biological genetic factors and psychological state factors.
1, biological genetic factors
Biological genetic factors can be subdivided into genetic factors, chemical or traumatic bacterial or viral infections, physical diseases or physiological dysfunction.
(1) Genetic factors. People's psychological activities or mental health cannot be inherited. But don't forget, people are a whole body and mind, which is influenced by communication. In particular, a person's body and inheritance are more obvious, so his psychology is also affected by heredity.
Relevant investigations and clinical observations show that family members with mental retardation, eccentric temperament, mania, depression and other neuropsychiatric diseases or abnormal psychological behavior account for a considerable proportion in the families of mental patients. The survey shows that the incidence of mental illness is obviously related to blood relationship: the closer the blood relationship with mental patients, the higher the prevalence rate.
(2) Chemical poisoning or brain injury. Harmful chemicals invade the human body and poison the central nervous system, such as food poisoning, gas poisoning, alcoholism and drug poisoning. , may lead to psychological disorders or mental disorders; Brain trauma such as concussion and brain contusion caused by various reasons may also lead to psychological obstacles such as consciousness disorder, amnesia, speech disorder and personality change.
(3) Bacterial or viral infection. If people suffer from infectious diseases of the central nervous system, such as typhus and epidemic encephalitis, they will suffer from organic psychological or mental disorders due to the damage of germs and viruses to the nervous tissue structure. If the patient is a child, it may inhibit psychological development and cause mental retardation or dementia.
(4) Disease or physiological dysfunction. Physical illness or physiological dysfunction is also one of the factors that affect mental health. For example, if you suffer from endocrine dysfunction, especially thyroid dysfunction and hyperthyroidism, patients often have psychological abnormalities such as irritability, irritability, sensitivity, emotional impulse, and weakened self-control; Excessive adrenaline secretion can lead to mania, and insufficient adrenaline secretion can also lead to depression.
2. Psychological factors
Once a person's psychological state is formed, it can predict his future psychological development and changes. Psychological factors include cognitive factors and emotional factors.
(1) cognitive factors. Cognitive process is the process of acquiring, storing, transforming, extracting and using information. People's cognitive factors cover a wide range, including perception, memory, attention, thinking, imagination, blindness and so on.
Cognitive factors influence each other. If one cognitive factor develops abnormally, or the relationship between several cognitive factors is unbalanced, cognitive contradictions and conflicts will occur, which will make people feel nervous, irritable and anxious. The more serious the imbalance between cognitive factors, the stronger people's needs and expectations for reducing or eliminating the imbalance and maintaining balance.
If this expectation and need are not met for a long time, it may cause psychological deviation or psychological obstacle. Severe cognitive impairment may also lead to personality split or abnormality.
(2) Emotional factors. People's emotional experience is an important factor to maintain physical and mental health, and it is the internal driving force for a person's survival and social adaptation. It is multidimensional, multi-component and multi-level.
Frequent fluctuations in negative emotional state often make people depressed, distracted and weak; A stable and positive emotional state often makes people feel happy, energetic and healthy. Therefore, it is very important for people's physical and mental health to cultivate good emotions and eliminate bad emotions.
external factor
External factors are external objective factors that affect mental health. It mainly includes family factors, social factors and school factors.
1, family factors
People's mental health, especially the mental health of primary and secondary school students, is greatly influenced by family factors. A large number of studies show that bad family environment factors can easily cause psychological abnormalities of family members.
Family factors mainly include: bad family relations, such as the relationship between parents, mother-in-law, disharmony between brothers and sisters, cold family feelings, repeated contradictions and conflicts, etc. Incomplete family members, such as death of parents, divorce or separation of parents, remarriage of parents, etc. ; There are misunderstandings in family education, such as tyranny and rudeness, or doting and pampering; There are also family changes and accidents.
2. Social factors
Political, economic, cultural, educational and social relations are social factors that affect mental health. All kinds of unhealthy thoughts, feelings and behaviors will seriously corrode people's mental health.
Social factors almost play a decisive role in a person's survival and development. Especially today, people's communication is increasingly extensive, the role of various social media is increasing, the tension of life is getting higher and higher, and contradictions, conflicts and competition are intensifying. These will increase people's psychological burden, which is not conducive to physical and mental health.
3. School factors
School factors are mainly aimed at students, including school education conditions, study conditions, living conditions, teacher-student relationship, peer relationship and so on. Students spend most of their time in school, which is the main place for students to study and live, so school life has a great influence on students' mental health.
Various conditions and relationships in school factors, if not handled properly, will affect students' mental health development. For example, the school spirit and style of study are not good, the educational methods are improper, the study burden is too heavy, the emotional opposition between teachers and students, the disharmony between classmates and so on. Students are psychologically depressed and anxious. If the adjustment is not timely, it will cause psychological obstacles, and even lead to psychological obstacles for students.
The above factors are independent and mutually restrictive, and often work together on a person's mental health, and this synergy is greater than the simple sum of individual factors. Therefore, when diagnosing mental disorders, mental disorders or mental diseases, we must fully consider the role of various factors, check them one by one, make a comprehensive and correct diagnosis, and take effective measures for psychological adjustment and treatment.