The following is some knowledge about blood donation, I hope it will help you.
Knowledge of blood donation-blood donation and health
1. Will blood donation make people "weakened"?
No, the total blood volume of a healthy person accounts for about 8% of body weight, and the total blood volume of an adult is about 4000 ~ 5000 ml. Usually, 80% blood circulates in the heart and blood vessels to maintain normal physiological functions; Another 20% of the blood is stored in the liver, spleen and other organs. Once blood loss or strenuous exercise occurs, blood will enter the blood circulation system. A person donating 200 ~ 400 ml of blood at a time only accounts for 5% ~ 10% of the total blood volume, and the blood stored after blood donation will be replenished immediately without reducing the circulating blood volume. Water and inorganic substances lost after blood donation will be replenished within 1 ~ 2 hours; Plasma protein, synthesized by liver, can be supplemented in a day or two; Platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells also quickly recovered to their original levels. The blood of human body is constantly metabolized. Many blood cells are aging and dying all the time, and at the same time, a large number of new cells are generated to maintain the balance of human metabolism. After blood donation, due to the enhancement of hematopoietic function, the lost blood cells were quickly replenished. Therefore, a healthy person who donates blood according to the regulations will not have any influence on his body, let alone "hurt his vitality", but will be beneficial to his body.
2. Can repeated blood donation prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases?
Of course. Relevant experts compared the average value of hemorheology between 26 repeated blood donors and 22 patients with acute cerebral infarction. The results showed that the whole blood viscosity, hematocrit, fibrinogen and erythrocyte electrophoresis in repeated blood donation group were significantly lower than normal values, especially hematocrit, suggesting that the blood viscosity in repeated blood donation group decreased. However, the above indexes in patients with acute cerebral infarction are higher than normal, suggesting that patients with cerebral infarction have hyperviscosity. Therefore, repeating a certain amount of blood donation will reduce blood viscosity and have positive significance for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
3. Why can regular blood donation improve hematopoietic function?
Because from the birth of the fetus, bone marrow has become the main hematopoietic organ. With the increase of age, hematopoietic function and hematopoietic rate gradually decreased. After blood donation, due to the decrease of blood cells, it has a feedback effect on bone marrow, promotes the release of mature blood cells stored in bone marrow, stimulates hematopoietic tissue in bone marrow and promotes the production of blood cells. Regular blood donation within the prescribed time limit can keep the bone marrow vigorous.
4. Can regular blood donation reduce blood lipids?
Due to the reduction of physical activity and the improvement of living standards, people have accumulated more and more fat in their bodies. Many people's blood lipids are at a high level for a long time, commonly known as "thick blood". The result of "blood concentration" is that fat adheres to the wall of human blood vessels layer by layer, which eventually leads to arteriosclerosis and decreased vascular elasticity, forming cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Regular blood donation reduces a part of the sticky blood in the body, and then through normal drinking water, the blood volume is filled, the blood is naturally diluted, and the blood lipid will also drop, thus reducing the hidden danger of arteriosclerosis.
Why do government officials and mental workers donate blood for their own health?
Due to the long-term lack of physical labor and high living standards, in fact, the blood lipids of many government cadres and mental workers have been in a high state for a long time. You can tell from the physical examination. Many people have cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension in their years. Blood donation can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension, because normal drinking water after blood donation dilutes blood and lowers blood lipids. This is not only beneficial to oneself, but also indirectly beneficial to society.
6. Can blood donation prevent heart disease?
Of course. A study by Finnish scientists shows that moderate blood donation has an unexpected effect on preventing heart disease in some healthy adults (especially male adults)! Experts made an experimental investigation on more than 20,000 adults living in eastern Finland, and found that compared with regular blood donors, the incidence of heart disease in those who never donated blood was twice as high. Experts explained that too much iron in human blood will obviously increase the risk of heart disease (compared with people with high iron content in blood, the possibility of heart disease in three years is 1-2 times), and proper blood donation can greatly reduce the iron content in blood. The research results of Margaret, director of the Science Department of the British Nutrition Foundation, also coincide with the above research results. She analyzed that excessive iron and copper in the blood will aggravate the oxidation of fat in the blood, and the oxidation of blood lipids is an important factor leading to heart disease. Finnish doctors launched a "low-iron diet" campaign, demanding low iron content in food. In addition, it is best to donate blood once a year (the amount of blood donation is 400 ml), which is not only beneficial to others, but also beneficial to yourself. It can be called "kill two birds with one stone"!
7. Why is proper blood donation beneficial to longevity?
Donating blood according to the regulations can promote human metabolism, enhance immunity and disease resistance, stimulate human bone marrow hematopoietic organs, and keep them in the same vigorous hematopoietic state as when they were young, so as to achieve the effect of prolonging life and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis. It is reported that 332 former blood donors over 66 years old were compared with 399 non-blood donors under the same conditions. As a result, the survival rate of former blood donors was significantly higher than that of non-blood donors, and those who donated more blood lived longer.
8. Does long-term quantitative blood donation affect the bone marrow image?
The change of bone marrow image directly affects the quality of blood and the health of blood donors. As a blood donor, how long-term quantitative blood donation affects his bone marrow image is a concern of both medical workers and blood donors. In order to trace the source, from February to June of 1989 121990110, relevant experts investigated 107 blood donors. Among them, there are 55 males and 52 females; 96 Han nationality, 1 1 Hui nationality; Occupations are 7 workers, 90 farmers and citizens 10 respectively. The interval of blood donation is 3 months, and the amount of blood donation is 300 ml (a few are 400 ml). After routine bone marrow preparation and Wright staining, 500 cells are classified, and the average and standard deviation are calculated, and then compared with the reference value of bone marrow images provided by Institute of Hematology, China Academy of Medical Sciences. It was found that there was no significant difference except for the red blood cell system. That is to say, bone marrow does not affect other hematopoietic systems except compensatory hyperplasia of red blood cell system. This shows that long-term quantitative blood donation has no effect on bone marrow.
9. Will blood donation lead to anemia?
No, because blood donation is only a temporary decrease in blood, which will soon return to normal and will not affect the regeneration function of human blood. Anemia is a disease, and people with anemia will be detected by blood donation and physical examination. Such people can't participate in blood donation.
10. Is there any change in cellular immune function after repeated blood donation?
In order to understand the influence of blood donation on human cellular immune function, experts selected 30 people aged 2 1 ~ 49 who donated blood for 3 ~ 2 1 year and donated blood for more than 0/0 times, including men 15, women 15, and 20 people who had never.
Another expert used lymphocyte transformation rate (SI), interleukin -2 (IL-2) and natural killer activity (NK) as immune function indicators, and compared 75 long-term blood donors over 0/kloc with 35 first-time blood donors. There was no statistical difference between the two groups. It shows that after long-term blood donation, these three indexes of cellular immune function have no obvious changes and have no effect on blood quality.
1 1. Will blood donation reduce the total blood supply to the brain?
In order to understand the influence of blood donation on the total blood supply to the brain; Experts randomly selected 80 blood donors (38 males and 42 females, age 18 ~ 50 years old). Among them, 40 people donated blood for the first time, and 20 people donated blood 1 ~ 5 years and 6 ~ 28 years respectively. Blood donation interval is at least 3 months, and there is no blood donation reaction after donating 400 ml). The blood flow velocity of middle cerebral artery, vertebral artery and basilar artery before and after blood donation was detected by color transcranial Doppler, and the blood flow velocity of cerebral basilar artery before and after blood donation was compared. The results showed that donating 400 ml of blood would not affect the hemodynamics of basilar artery, nor would it reduce the total blood supply to the brain, no matter whether it was a first-time blood donor or a long-term blood donor, as long as there was no blood donation reaction.
1. Physical examination standard for blood donors
1. Age: 18-55 years old.
2. Weight: male ≥ 50kg, female ≥ 45kg.
3. Blood pressure: 12-20/8- 12Kpa, pulse pressure: ≥4Kpa. Or: 90- 140/60-90mmHg, pulse pressure difference: ≥30mmHg.
4. Pulse: 60- 100 beats/min, and high endurance athletes ≥50 beats/min.
5. The temperature is normal.
6. The skin has no yellow staining, no wound infection, no extensive dermatosis and no obvious swelling of superficial lymph nodes.
7. There is no serious disease in the five senses, no yellow staining in the sclera and no goiter in the thyroid gland.
8 limbs without serious disability, no serious dysfunction, no redness and swelling of joints.
9. Chest: the heart and lungs are normal (the physiological murmur of the heart can be regarded as normal).
10. Abdomen: The abdomen is flat and soft, without lump, tenderness and hepatosplenomegaly.
Two, one of the following circumstances is temporarily unable to donate blood.
1. Tooth extraction or other minor operations within half a month.
2. Three days before and after menstruation, less than six months after pregnancy and abortion, and less than one year after childbirth and breastfeeding.
3. Those who have recovered from cold and acute gastroenteritis for less than a week, acute urinary tract infection for less than a month, and pneumonia for less than three months.
4. Some infectious diseases: for example, dysentery recovered less than half a year, typhoid fever recovered less than one year, brucellosis recovered less than two years, and malaria recovered less than three years.
5. Transfusion of whole blood and blood component in recent five years.
6. Less than half a year after major surgery, less than three months after appendectomy, hernia repair and tonsillectomy.
7. Less than one week after the local inflammation of the skin healed, and less than two weeks after the extensive inflammation healed.
Three, one of the following circumstances can not donate blood.
1. STD, leprosy and AIDS patients and HIV-infected people.
2. Hepatitis patients, hepatitis B surface antigen positive, hepatitis C antibody positive.
3. Patients with allergic diseases and recurrent allergies, such as recurrent urticaria, bronchial asthma and drug allergy (blood donation is not allowed for simple urticaria during acute attack).
4. Various tuberculosis patients, such as tuberculosis, renal tuberculosis, lymphoid tuberculosis, bone tuberculosis, etc.
5. Patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as various heart diseases, hypertension, hypotension, myocarditis and thrombophlebitis.
6. Patients with respiratory diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis with pulmonary insufficiency.
7. Patients with digestive system and urinary system diseases, such as severe gastric and duodenal ulcer, chronic gastroenteritis, acute and chronic nephritis, chronic urinary tract infection, nephrotic syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, etc.
8. Patients with hematological diseases, such as anemia, leukemia, polycythemia vera and various bleeding and coagulation diseases.
9. Patients with endocrine diseases or metabolic disorders, such as pituitary and adrenal diseases, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, diabetes insipidus, diabetes, etc.
10. Patients with organic nervous system diseases or psychosis, such as encephalitis, sequelae of brain trauma, epilepsy, schizophrenia, hysteria, severe neurasthenia, etc.
1 1. Patients with parasitic diseases and endemic diseases such as kala-azar, schistosomiasis, filariasis, ichthyosis, cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, Keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease.
12. Patients with various malignant tumors and benign tumors that affect their health.
13. Those who have undergone resection of important organs such as stomach, kidney and spleen.
14. Patients with chronic skin diseases, especially infectious, allergic and inflammatory systemic skin diseases, such as favus, generalized eczema and systemic psoriasis.
15. Patients with ocular diseases such as keratitis, iritis, optic neuritis, high myopia, etc.
16. autoimmune diseases and collagen diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis and scleroderma.
17. People with a history of drug abuse.
18. Homosexuals and multiple sexual partners.
19. Patients with other diseases that the physical examination doctor thinks cannot donate blood.