Infantile nutritional anemia, most commonly iron deficiency anemia, can damage neurocognitive development. Then, how to find iron deficiency anemia early and prevent it correctly, and then talk about it in detail.
Harm of iron deficiency anemia Iron is an important element in the development and construction of nervous system. Children's growth, development and weight gain are faster, and their demand for iron is stronger than that of adults. In 20 1 year, the global anemia prevalence rate is 32.9%, and the anemia prevalence rate is the highest among children under 5 years old. Even in developed countries with rich resources, the incidence of iron deficiency anemia is still 2%-3%, and in backward areas of Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia, the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in children is 45%-65%.
Studies have shown that iron supplementation is beneficial to the psychomotor development of low-income and middle-income countries. Children with iron deficiency anemia have slower visual and auditory processing speed, and their achievements in cognitive test, memory, reading, language and mathematics are lower than those without iron deficiency anemia. The present situation of iron deficiency anemia can not be ignored.
Screening and Early Detection of Iron Deficiency Anemia The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all infants should be assessed for risk factors of iron deficiency anemia at every health visit of children aged 4 to 36 months. This is done by the doctor by asking about the baby's birth history and diet, such as:
The birth history of babies Premature babies or babies with low birth weight will increase the probability of iron deficiency anemia after birth due to insufficient iron reserves at birth.
For infants under 12 months old, evaluate the iron content of formula milk and the amount of complementary food added. /kloc-feeding low-iron formula milk, non-formula milk (such as drinking ordinary milk too early), goat milk or soybean milk before 0/2 months of age, and adding less than 2 servings of iron-rich food every day after 6 months of age (1 serving is about the size of a baby's palm) are all risk factors for iron deficiency anemia. Iron-rich foods include meat and iron-fortified baby rice noodles.
For infants over 12 months old, the risk of iron deficiency anemia will increase if they drink more than 720ml of milk (non-formula milk) and eat less than 3 servings of iron-rich food every day.
In addition to the questions asked by the above doctors, it is also recommended to do a laboratory screening of anemia at 9- 12 months to see the hemoglobin value, but it is not necessary to have a blood test every time.
The hemoglobin of children from 6 months to under 5 years old is less than 1 10g/L, and that of children under 5 years old-12 years old is less than1/5g/L, which can be judged as anemia. Combined with the baby's birth history, complementary food addition and routine blood screening, if the baby is found to have iron deficiency anemia, it is necessary to intervene in time.
Treatment of iron deficiency anemia There are three key points in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, namely: adjusting diet structure to solve the root cause of iron deficiency; Determine the dosage and course of treatment of oral iron; Regular follow-up to evaluate the curative effect. These three steps are very important for correcting iron deficiency anemia in babies.
First of all, adjust the baby's diet structure and increase iron intake. If 1 year-old babies are breast-fed, encourage them to continue breastfeeding. Although the iron content in breast milk is not high, its absorption rate is high. Breast milk is the best food for babies. The World Health Organization vigorously promotes breast milk. If the baby is formula-fed, it is necessary to drink iron-fortified formula, that is, the iron content should not be lower than 6.7mg/L, and it is best to drink 12mg/L iron-fortified formula after 6 months.
When the baby of 4-6 months is ready to add complementary food, it is recommended to add iron-fortified baby rice flour or minced meat first. Encourage eating foods rich in vitamin C once a day to promote iron absorption, such as citrus fruits, cantaloupes, strawberries, tomatoes and dark green vegetables.
Second, the baby with oral iron deficiency anemia not only needs to increase iron intake through diet, but also needs to supplement iron. Ferrous sulfate is the first choice, and other forms of iron such as iron succinate can also be taken. Because the taste of iron is not good, some will have rust smell, some babies will find it hard to accept, and vomiting will occur after taking it. Therefore, the choice of iron agent is suitable for the baby to accept and the effect is good.
Three. Follow-up regularly to evaluate the effect of iron supplementation: 2 weeks after iron supplementation in infants with mild anemia (hemoglobin above 90g/L) and 4 weeks after iron supplementation in infants with moderate and severe anemia (hemoglobin below 90g/L), hemoglobin was rechecked, and hemoglobin increased 10g/L, indicating that the treatment was effective. At this time, iron supplementation should last for at least 3 months, and parents should pay attention.
To sum up, iron deficiency is not uncommon in the world. Whether in developed or developing countries, iron deficiency anemia should attract our attention. Iron plays a very important role in the construction and development of infant nervous system. Parents should pay attention to reasonably adding complementary food to their babies, evaluate the risk factors of iron deficiency anemia at every children's health visit from 4 to 36 months, and do laboratory screening of hemoglobin at 9- 12 months, which will help to find iron deficiency anemia in their babies in time. In terms of treatment, iron deficiency anemia is mainly supplemented by diet and drugs. At the same time, we should follow up regularly, evaluate the effect of iron supplementation, and discuss with doctors to formulate treatment plans to correct iron deficiency anemia.
References:
Global Anemia Prevalence 1993-2005: WHO Global Anemia Database. World Health Organization, Geneva, July 20071,accessed on July 7, 2065438+7.
The latest clinical consultant:/kloc-screening, prevention, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of iron deficiency in infants under 0/2 years old.
The latest clinical consultant:/kloc-treatment of iron deficiency in infants and children under 0/2 years old.
Pediatrics, 8th Edition, People's Health Publishing House.
# My Winter Clinic ##20 19 My Creative World # @ Southern Health @ Headline Parenting @ Headline Health