In the examination of TCM colleges and universities, the score of the third chapter of TCM gynecology is between 0- 1, accounting for about 2% of TCM gynecology, with A 1 as the theme and menstrual physiology as the key part. In addition, female physiology, leucorrhea physiology, pregnancy physiology, puerperium physiology and lactation physiology occasionally involve examination questions. At the same time, this chapter has many contents and complicated knowledge points. In order to make it easier for everyone to master and remember, experts from Tianjin Health Talent Network sorted out the knowledge points of female reproductive physiology in the third chapter of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine as follows.
First, the physiological characteristics of women in different periods
1 adolescence: refers to the period from menarche to maturity of reproductive organs.
2. Sexual maturity: also known as growth period, generally starts from 18 years old.
3. Perimenopausal period: Chinese medicine says? Seven seven? Years refer to before and after menstruation or menopause.
Second, the physiology of menstruation
1. Physiological phenomena of menstruation
(1) menarche: the first menstrual period. The average age is 13 ~ 15 years old, with an average of 14 years old.
(2) menstrual cycle: the first day of bleeding is the beginning of menstruation, and the interval between menstruation is a menstrual cycle, generally 28 ~ 30 days.
(3) Menstrual period: refers to the duration of menstruation, usually 3-7 days, mostly 3-5 days.
(4) The amount, color and quality of menstruation: generally, the amount of menstruation is about 50 ~ 80 ml, the color is deep red, neither thin nor thick, nor coagulated, and there is no blood clot or special smell.
(5) Menstrual manifestations: Before menstruation, the breasts are slightly swollen, the lower abdomen is slightly depressed, the waist is slightly sour, and the mood is easy to fluctuate, which generally comes from elimination.
(6) Menopause: After the last menstruation, menopause lasts for more than 1 year.
(7) Special menstrual phenomenon:
(1) month: The body is disease-free, and menstrual cramps occur every two months.
2 habitual menstruation: also known as seasonal menstruation, the body is not sick, and menstruation comes once every three months.
③ Avoid years: no illness, menstruation 1 year, 1 time.
4 Dark Sutra: A person who has never been wet but can get pregnant.
⑤ Menstruation: Also called whole fetus or dirty fetus, there is still a small amount of bleeding in the early pregnancy without damaging the fetus.
2. Mechanism of menstruation: Menstruation refers to a physiological phenomenon caused by the coordinated action of viscera, tiangui, qi and blood and meridians in uterus.
(1) Viscera and menstruation: It is related to kidney, liver, spleen (stomach) and lung, but it is most closely related to liver, spleen and kidney.
(2) Meridians and menstruation: The meridians related to women's menstruation include Chong, Ren, Du and Dai. Among them, Chong, Ren and Du originated from cells, also known as? One source and three differences? .
(3) Tiangui and menstruation: Tiangui comes from congenital kidney qi.
3. Periodic changes and adjustment of menstruation
(1) Menstrual stage: menstrual period, late menstrual period, intermittent period and premenstrual period.
(2) Regulation mechanism of menstrual cycle.
(1) heaven and man said accordingly.
② the theory of kidney yin-yang transformation.
③ The theory of kidney-Tiangui-Chongren-uterus reproductive axis.
④ Brain-kidney-Tiangui-Chongren-uterine axis theory.
Third, overthrow physiology.
1. Physiological phenomena and functions of leucorrhea
Leucorrhea refers to a kind of leucorrhea of healthy women, and its color is colorless, transparent or white. Sticky but not thick, moderate amount, no special smell. This is a normal physiological phenomenon.
2. The mechanism of leukorrhagia: it is the result of the coordinated action of viscera, body fluid and meridians in uterus.
(1) Viscera and leukorrhagia: the generation of physiological leukorrhagia-kidney, spleen and lung.
(2) Body fluid and leucorrhea: leucorrhea comes from body fluid.
(3) Meridian and leukorrhagia: It is closely related to Ren Du Dai.
(4) Uterus and leucorrhea: Leucorrhea permeates the vagina from uterus to prevent the invasion of foreign pathogens.
Fourth, pregnancy physiology
1. Physiological phenomena of pregnancy
(1) Menstrual cessation: Women in reproductive period, with normal menstruation and sudden cessation, consider pregnancy.
(2) Pulse slip: Pulse slip occurs after pregnancy.
(3) Pregnancy reaction: Early pregnancy reaction often occurs after pregnancy. And gradually adapt or disappear within 3 months.
(4) Uterus enlargement: More than 40 days of early pregnancy can affect uterus enlargement and softening, and the cervix is purple-blue. The volume of uterus during non-pregnancy is 5ml, and it is about 5000ml during full-term pregnancy, which is increased by 1000 times. The weight of non-pregnant uterus is about 50g, and the term pregnancy 1000g is 20 times higher.
(5) Breast changes: early enlargement and swelling. The nipple is swollen and black, and it is easy to get an erection. The areola becomes bigger and darker, with scattered brown nodules around it. 4 ~ 5 months pregnant, squeezing nipples can secrete a small amount of milk.
(6) Abdominal distension: After 3 months of pregnancy, the height of uterine fundus can be measured by hand in the lower abdomen.
2. Calculation method of estimated delivery date
The modern formula is: from 1 day of the last menstruation, the number of months increases by 9 (or decreases by 3) and the number of days increases by 7 (if the lunar calendar increases 14).
Five, postpartum physiology
1. Premature delivery
(1) Weight relief: After the fetal head enters the basin at the end of pregnancy, the pregnant woman suddenly feels heavy, breathing becomes relaxed, and she may feel inconvenient to walk or frequent urination.
(2) Abortion: "Doctor Jin Jian? Essentials of Gynecological Mind:? If it has been enough for several months, abdominal pain has stopped or stopped, and the waist has stopped hurting, it is called abortion. ? That is, a period of time before the official start of labor, the interval and duration are not constant and the intensity does not increase? False contractions? .
Attached:
Fetal test: refers to the person who has abdominal pain when she is eight or nine months pregnant and the pain stops as usual.
Dirty fetus: refers to a small amount of menstrual cramps in the early pregnancy, but it is harmless to the fetus, also known as full pregnancy or menstrual cramps.
Slippery tire: refers to more than 3 consecutive spontaneous abortions.
2. Active labor phenomenon
(1) redness refers to a small amount of bloody secretions or mucus in the vagina before labor or when labor has begun.
(2) Menstruation: refers to that the middle finger of the parturient can feel this pulse during labor.
(3) Pain: refers to paroxysmal abdominal pain from regular contractions to the complete opening of the delivery door.
3. Physiology of puerperium
Puerperal period refers to the period when the parturient gradually returns to the pre-pregnancy state after delivery, about 6-8 weeks.
Physiological characteristics: more deficiency and more blood stasis.
Sixth, breastfeeding physiology: breastfeeding time is generally 8 months. After 3 months, the baby can start to add complementary food.