I. Purpose:
1, publicize and popularize scientific parenting knowledge, understand the problems existing in parents' nursing and feeding, and give targeted guidance.
2. Monitor the growth and development of babies, find diseases and abnormal situations in time and prevent them, so as to promote the healthy growth of babies.
Second, the management object:
This lot 1 month to children under 6 years old (including children who have lived in this lot for a long time).
Third, management methods and requirements:
1, set up a child health clinic, and strive to carry out vaccination at the same time for the convenience of parents.
2.3-year-old infants can have physical examinations at 3, 6, 9(2, 5, 8), 18, 24, 30 and 36 months according to the principle of four physical examinations at 0 year old and two at 2 years old. Children aged 3-6 have a physical examination once a year. For the convenience of parents, it can be completed once a year during the general physical examination of children from May to August.
3. Manage frail children (rickets, iron deficiency anemia, poor weight gain and obese children) found in physical examination.
Four, check the content and requirements:
1. Ask about the child's general situation, feeding situation and illness.
2. Measure and evaluate height and weight.
3. Conduct a comprehensive physical examination.
(1) Infants under 3 years old must be examined for rickets.
(2) Children from 6 months to 16 years old should be tested for hemoglobin, and blood should be collected at the ring finger end of their left hand with photoelectric colorimeter. Diagnosis and grading of anemia.
(3) Children over 4 years old should have an eye examination (children under 4 years old can also have an eye examination if conditions permit).
(4) Children aged 2 months to 6 years should be screened for hearing.
4. Guidance and solutions should be given to children's physical development and parents' problems in parenting.
(2) Children's growth monitoring
I. Purpose:
1. Child growth monitoring is a method to continuously measure and evaluate the individual weight of children. It can dynamically observe the growth and development trend of infants, which is beneficial for infant workers and parents to find infants with poor weight growth in time and take timely intervention measures.
2. The key to growth monitoring is to educate parents about health and improve their self-care ability. By teaching parents to use growth monitoring chart, parents can participate in monitoring themselves, find abnormalities in time, and actively consult children's health care doctors, so that parents can acquire scientific parenting knowledge at an early stage and promote the healthy growth of children.
3, through the implementation of growth monitoring, we can focus on the screened vulnerable children and implement key management for them.
Second, the monitoring object:
Children in this lot 1 month to under 3 years old (including children who live in this lot for a long time).
Three. Monitoring methods and requirements:
1, measurement times (combined with planned immunization):
Children within 6 months are tested once a month; 7 ~ 12 months old, weighing once every two times; 13 months to 3 years old, weigh every 3 months.
2. Date of measurement:
According to the specific situation of each medical and health institution and the number of children being monitored, it is generally possible to specify the measurement date on a weekly or monthly basis to facilitate evaluation and comparison.
3, monitoring procedures:
(1) Weighing:
(2) Evaluation: Evaluate the relationship between children's growth curve and reference curve.
(3) Inquiry: Ask about children's feeding, diseases and neuropsychiatric development in recent years, and record them in the corresponding columns.
(4) Guidance: publicize the knowledge of disease prevention to parents, and talk about children's health and matters needing attention in the future. If there is a deviation in the weight curve (no increase or decrease), find out the reasons and give guidance.
Minimum monthly growth rate of different age groups (g)
The normal growth value of months is 0 months ~ ≥ 600.
June ~ ≥ 300
12 ~ 36 months ≥ 150
(3) five senses health care
First, hearing screening and monitoring.
1, purpose and significance:
It is necessary to screen children's hearing, find children with hearing impairment early, diagnose and treat them early, and train children with speech impairment early, so that after treatment and speech training, children with hearing impairment can enter ordinary kindergartens and primary schools, live and study with children with normal hearing, and grow up healthily.
2, hearing health care object:
Children aged 0-6, especially children aged 0-3, especially children with high hearing risk factors.
High risk factors of hearing
(1) Family history of deafness.
(2) The history of consanguineous marriage.
(3) Maternal infection history (such as rubella virus, herpes virus, influenza virus, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, etc. ).
(4) The mother had a history of syphilis before pregnancy.
(5) The head and neck of the newborn or other parts of the body are deformed.
(6) Birth weight
(7) Severe jaundice.
(8) Intrauterine distress or postpartum asphyxia and birth injury. 0 ~ 3 minutes in 5 minutes.
(9) Mechanical oxygen supply time is more than 9 days.
(10) syndrome coexists with sensorineural hearing impairment.
(1 1) It's too quiet to sleep and not afraid of noise.
(12) Language ability lags behind that of children of the same age.
(13) History of infectious diseases: meningitis, measles, mumps, scarlet fever, etc.
(14) Recurrent otitis media.
(15) used ototoxic drugs (such as gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, mycin, micronomicin, salicylic acid preparation, furosemide, quinine, chloroquine, etc.). ).
(16) has a history of head injury.
3, screening tools and environmental conditions:
(1), hearing screening instrument: frequency 500 ~ 4000 Hz.
(2) The projection environment should be quiet, with noise below 45dB(A sound level) and no mirrors on the surrounding walls.
4. Screening time and method:
(1) newborn
Neonatal hearing screening is conducted during the full moon visit. Newborns screened in obstetrics can be exempted from screening.
(2) Babies
Babies have a hearing screening when they are 8 months old, and children aged 1-2 have a hearing screening every year when they have a physical examination.
(3) Children aged 3-6:
A 6-year-old child will have a hearing screening every year during his physical examination.
Second, oral health care
1, use:
Cultivate children's good oral hygiene habits, prevent dental caries, reduce the incidence of dental caries and improve children's oral health.
2. Management object:
Children aged 0-6 in this area.
3, management content:
(1) Carry out oral health education.
Through various forms, carry out oral hygiene education activities for children and parents, cultivate children's good oral hygiene habits and prevent dental caries. The details are as follows:
① Advocating children to gargle after meals; Tea has the function of preventing dental caries, and children can drink tea in moderation or gargle with tea.
② Cultivate the habit of brushing teeth in the morning and evening for children over 3 years old. Instruct parents to teach their children effective ways to brush their teeth, and use health care toothbrushes and fluoride toothpaste for their children.
3 limit the amount and frequency of sugar eaten by children. The amount of sugar used by children should not exceed 30 grams per person per day, and the number of times of sugar use should not exceed 3 times per day. It is recommended to eat only at dinner, and rinse your mouth or brush your teeth immediately after eating.
④ Correct children sucking fingers, sticking out tongue, biting lips or biting people. Bad oral habits such as breathing and unilateral refusal can prevent various dentofacial deformities.
(2) establish a regular oral examination system:
① Children should have oral examination during regular physical examination to register the eruption of deciduous teeth and the occurrence of dental caries.
(2) Find dental caries and fill the teeth in time.
Third, eye care routine
(1) Purpose:
1, publicize the importance of eye protection, popularize the knowledge of eye protection, and raise parents' awareness of self-care for children with abnormal vision.
2. Early detection of children with abnormal vision, especially children with high vision risk, and timely correction to reduce the incidence of amblyopia in children.
3, early detection of amblyopia children, seize the opportunity to timely treatment, improve the cure rate of amblyopia.
(2) Management object: children aged 0-6 in this lot.
(3) Management content:
1, carry out health education in vision care.
(1) Promote eye protection knowledge:
(1) There is plenty of light indoors. Don't read or draw in an environment with too strong or too dark light. Don't read or draw for more than half an hour at a time.
② Cultivate children's good reading and painting posture. The distance between the eyes and the book should be 30 ~ 35cm, and the book should form an angle of 30 ~ 40 degrees with the desktop.
(3) when watching TV, the distance between the screen and the screen should be more than 5-7 times of its diagonal, and the time for watching TV continuously should not exceed half an hour.
(2) Prevention of eye diseases and eye injuries:
Instruct parents to clean and disinfect their children's toys and towels frequently, and educate children not to rub their eyes with dirty hands. Find eye diseases and treat them in time to prevent infectious eye diseases from spreading in the family. At the same time, ensure a safe living environment for children and prevent eye injuries.
2. Establish a regular vision examination system.
Children over 4 years old at least once a year. Early detection of abnormalities, timely diagnosis and treatment.
(4) Visual inspection requirements:
1. Eye chart: Children over 4 years old use international standard eye chart (or standard logarithmic eye chart).
2. Inspection method: Use an artificially illuminated light box-type eye chart, 5 meters away from the eyes, and the height should be the same as that of 1.0 eye chart (logarithmic eye chart 5.0). Cover one eye, but don't press the eyeball. Check your eyes separately.
(5) Screening criteria for children with visual impairment:
4-year-old children's monocular naked eye vision ≤ 0.6;
5 ~ 6 years old children's monocular naked vision ≤0.8.