There are many kinds of pathogenic microorganisms that cause sexually transmitted diseases, including viruses, chlamydia, mycoplasma, spirochetes, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and so on. Different pathogenic microorganisms cause different sexually transmitted diseases, and more than 20 diseases are listed as sexually transmitted diseases by the World Health Organization. China's health department stipulates that there are seven kinds of sexually transmitted diseases: gonorrhea, syphilis, condyloma acuminatum, genital herpes, nongonococcal urethritis, chancre and lymphogranuloma of sexually transmitted diseases.
At present, the most common sexually transmitted diseases in China are gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, nongonococcal urethritis caused by chlamydia and mycoplasma, condyloma acuminatum caused by papillomavirus and syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum. The incidence of genital herpes caused by herpes virus type II is also increasing year by year.
1. Transmission routes of sexually transmitted diseases
Sexual dysfunction is the most important and direct cause of sexually transmitted diseases. Prostitution, promiscuity, premarital and extramarital sex, homosexuality and other unmarried sexual behaviors are more common, and sexually transmitted diseases are more serious.
In addition to sexual transmission, sexually transmitted diseases can be spread through other ways. These routes include blood, such as blood transfusion, injection of blood products, and injection with unsterilized syringes, especially when drug users share an unsterilized syringe to inject drugs. In addition, it also includes direct contact with the body of patients with sexually transmitted diseases, such as kissing, hugging, touching, sharing a bed, bathing, etc. Or use daily necessities used by patients with sexually transmitted diseases without disinfection, such as towels, bath towels, foot wipes, washbasins, bathtubs, footbath, toilets, underwear, bedding, tableware, razors, toothbrushes, etc. , can also cause infection. If a healthy person's hands touch other parts of the body, especially the eyes and reproductive organs, and are not washed with soap, it may also cause infection. In addition, pregnant women and women with sexually transmitted diseases will transmit sexually transmitted diseases to their babies.
2. The main symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases usually directly damage the reproductive organs. The most common gonorrhea and nongonococcal urethritis are inflammation of urogenital system, which causes urethral pain and burning sensation when urinating. There is purulent secretion at the urethral orifice. When gonorrhea causes inflammation of female reproductive system, there are purulent leucorrhea, low back pain and lower abdominal pain.
Condyloma acuminatum can grow vegetable-like tumors of different sizes in the external genitalia, which is easy to bleed and has foul purulent secretions on the surface. In serious diseases, female external genitalia can sometimes be covered by more vegetable-like tumors, and even have difficulty in defecation, which makes patients miserable.
Genital herpes produces small blisters in the external genitals, resulting in superficial ulcers and a small amount of secretions, which cause severe pain after rupture.
Syphilis, chancre, venereal lymphogranuloma, etc. There's also damage to the genitals.
Sexually transmitted diseases not only damage reproductive organs, but also cause visceral and systemic diseases, such as gonorrhea and syphilis, which may cause visceral damage. Among them, the visceral damage caused by syphilis is many and serious, which can involve the heart, liver, kidney, brain and spinal cord, so the symptoms are also very complicated.
When you find suspicious symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases, you should go to the hospital immediately. Some sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea, syphilis and nongonococcal urethritis, can be completely cured as long as they are treated regularly in time. However, if patients don't go to the hospital for regular antibiotic treatment in time, but they don't use drugs regularly, or find someone without medical qualifications for treatment, they will delay their illness because they can't be completely cured, which will turn into a chronic process, seriously damage their health and even lead to death.
For sexually transmitted diseases such as condyloma acuminatum and genital herpes caused by virus, there is no specific medicine that can be completely cured at present. Condyloma acuminatum and genital herpes will recur.
Sexually transmitted diseases do great harm to individuals, families and society.
Most sexually transmitted diseases will bring great pain to patients in the acute stage, and some will also cause serious long-term harm. Such as gonorrhea and nongonococcal urethritis, in men, in addition to causing urethral inflammation, it can also damage the vas deferens and cause male infertility; In women, besides urethritis and cervicitis, it can also destroy fallopian tubes and endometrium, leading to infertility or ectopic pregnancy. If syphilis is not cured early, it will damage the heart and nervous system and endanger life. The virus that causes condyloma acuminatum and genital herpes cannot completely disappear from the patient's body, so it is easy to recur, and it can also cause reproductive system cancers such as penile cancer in men and cervical cancer in women.
Sexually transmitted diseases will also harm the next generation. Pregnant women with gonorrhea can transmit gonorrhea to their babies during childbirth, causing gonococcal conjunctival keratitis in newborns and causing blindness; Chlamydia is a pathogenic microorganism of nongonococcal urethritis, which can cause neonatal pneumonia and even death in severe cases. Pregnant women with syphilis will have miscarriage, premature delivery, stillbirth and fetal syphilis, which will make the next generation suffer from congenital syphilis, leading to dysplasia, periostitis, deafness and nervous system diseases.
People with sexually transmitted diseases are more susceptible to HIV infection.
A variety of sexually transmitted diseases can spread within the family, hurting spouses and children and destroying family happiness.
4. Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases
The main cause of sexually transmitted diseases is sexual dysfunction caused by unhealthy lifestyle. Therefore, the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases should first start from this aspect. Everyone consciously abides by the national laws prohibiting prostitution and whoring, consciously abides by the social morality of not having sex before marriage and outside marriage, and leads a totally clean life. This is the most effective way to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. If everyone in society can do this, the epidemic of sexually transmitted diseases will eventually stop.
In addition, some sexually transmitted diseases can also be transmitted through blood or daily accidental contact, so we should also know about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases:
Don't wear other people's bathing suits or underwear.
Do not use towels, bath towels, foot pads or washbasins, bathtubs and foot pads with others.
Try to avoid using sitting toilets in public toilets, because the toilet seat may be stained with secretions from sexually transmitted diseases.
When going to the public toilet, you should bring your own towel, take a bath, don't take a bath, don't take a bath, and don't sit naked on the stool in the bathroom.
Toothbrushes, razors and razors should be provided by everyone and cannot be borrowed from each other.
Don't go to a barber shop without disinfection or thorough disinfection for a haircut. It is best for family members to bring their own hairdressing tools and cut each other's hair.
Needles for piercing ears and tattooing eyebrows must be disinfected.
Don't get a tattoo out of curiosity.
Vaccination must be done by one person, one needle and one tube. Each pair of thoroughly sterilized syringe needles and needles can only be used by one person.
Tooth extraction, injection and acupuncture treatment should be carried out in hospitals and clinics that attach importance to disinfection. Don't try taking drugs out of curiosity. Intravenous drug use may infect many sexually transmitted diseases.