Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is a kind of heart disease caused by coronary atherosclerosis, which leads to stenosis or obstruction of vascular lumen and myocardial ischemia, hypoxia or necrosis, and is often called "coronary heart disease".
The World Health Organization classifies coronary heart disease into five categories: asymptomatic myocardial ischemia (occult coronary heart disease), angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart failure (ischemic heart disease) and sudden death. Clinically, it is often divided into stable coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndrome.
Risk factor
clinical picture
1. Typical chest pain
Due to physical activity, emotional excitement, sudden precordial pain, mostly paroxysmal colic or squeezing pain, can also have a sense of oppression. Pain starts from the posterior sternum or precordial region and radiates upward to the left shoulder, arm and even the little finger and ring finger, which can be relieved by rest or taking nitroglycerin. If the pain gets worse, the frequency changes and the duration is prolonged, unstable angina pectoris is often suspected, and it can not be relieved by removing the inducement or taking nitroglycerin. During myocardial infarction, chest pain is severe and lasts for a long time (often more than half an hour). Nitroglycerin can not be relieved, and nausea, vomiting, sweating, fever, even cyanosis, blood pressure drop, shock and heart failure may occur.
2. Atypical symptoms: only precordial discomfort, palpitation or fatigue, or mainly gastrointestinal symptoms. Some patients may have no pain, such as the elderly and diabetics.
3. Sudden death: About13 patients suffered from coronary heart disease for the first time.
4. Others: may be accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as fever, sweating, panic, nausea,
health education
Low-fat, low-cholesterol diet
Eat less food rich in animal fat and cholesterol,
Such as egg yolk, roe, animal viscera, etc. The intake of eggs should be
Control it for half a day or two. Can be eaten properly.
Lean meat, poultry and fish. The fat of marine fish can lower the gallbladder.
Sterol, to prevent coronary heart disease, can eat more. animal oil
It is absolutely inedible because it contains a lot of bile.
Alcohol can increase blood lipids. Vegetable oil contains a lot of unsaturated substances.
Fatty acids without cholesterol can improve blood lipids.
Therefore, in general, patients with coronary heart disease should choose plants for cooking.
Oil.
Moderate intake of protein
Protein is an essential nutrient for maintaining the heart, which can enhance the resistance.
But excessive intake will increase the burden on the heart and increase the incidence of coronary heart disease. Contains protein.
There are fish, shrimp, milk, yogurt, bean products and so on.
Reduce salt intake
Sodium will increase the burden on the heart, which is not good for patients with coronary heart disease. Complicated with hypertension
Patients should limit their salt intake to less than 5 grams per day. However, the photos
The amount of salt can increase or decrease with seasonal activities. For example: sweating a lot in summer, but
Appropriately increase salt intake. Salty food and soy sauce contain a lot of salt, so stay away from them. Although monosodium glutamate has no salty taste, its sodium content is about 80% of salt, so patients with coronary heart disease should try to avoid using it.
Increase the intake of potassium, magnesium and calcium.
Potassium can protect myocardial cells, such as spinach, radish, cabbage, celery stalk, pumpkin,
Fresh peas and lemon. Magnesium can affect blood lipid metabolism and thrombosis, such as millet, corn,
Beans and bean products, Lycium barbarum, longan. Calcium can reduce the absorption of cholesterol in food,
Such as milk, bean products, shrimp skin. Old people, especially patients with coronary heart disease, can drink it often.
Some foods, such as skim milk and yogurt, have good nutritional status and delay coronary heart disease.
The development of disease is very beneficial.
Eat more vegetables and fruits.
Vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamin C and inorganic substances.
Salt, cellulose and pectin. They have antioxidant and cardiovascular effects.
Muscle metabolism, increase vascular elasticity and so on. Such as kiwi fruit and oranges.
Oranges, lemons and eggplant.
Eat more protective foods, such as onions, garlic and purple.
Flowers, alfalfa, fungus, kelp, mushrooms, laver. Garlic and
Onion contains essential oil, which is effective in preventing and treating atherosclerosis.
Composition. Moderate drinking tea can enhance the elasticity of myocardium and blood vessel wall.
Resistance, reduce the degree of atherosclerosis, but never.
You can drink strong tea.
Avoid satiety (very important)
Overeating or overeating is very dangerous for patients with coronary heart disease. Because eating too much food at one time will increase the burden on the heart and induce angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease should eat less, and it is appropriate to eat seven or eight points at a time. Obese or overweight people need to limit their sugar intake.
Appropriate participation in sports activities.
Activities can accelerate blood circulation and increase myocardial blood supply, such as walking, jogging, Tai Ji Chuan, gateball and qigong. Avoid strenuous activities and overwork. It's best to take appropriate medicine before the activity, and at the same time carry a health care medicine box with you to save yourself when you are sick. If you feel uncomfortable during exercise, such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitation, dizziness, sweating, arrhythmia, etc., you should immediately stop exercising, take the first-aid medicine in the health care box, and go to the hospital for treatment. Obese people should gradually lose weight. Losing weight is a step-by-step and persistent process, and we must not rush to achieve success and adopt methods that endanger our health.
Drink three cups of "safe water"
Many patients with coronary heart disease get angina pectoris after getting up in the morning because of illness.
After a night of urine leakage, skin evaporation, mouth and nose breathing, water loss in the human body.
Quite a lot. If you drink water at night, you can not only replenish water in your body, but also lower your blood.
Viscosity can also promote the metabolism of gastrointestinal tract, lung and kidney, and better excrete in the body.
Waste. The specific method is: drink a cup of warm water half an hour before going to bed, drink a second cup of warm water when you wake up late at night, and drink a third cup of warm water after getting up in the morning. However, in order to avoid the increase of urination at night affecting sleep, don't drink a lot of water before going to bed.
Prevention of constipation (very important)
Constipation will increase the burden on the heart, make the condition worse and even die suddenly. . How to prevent constipation? First of all, we should develop the habit of regular defecation. Secondly, increase the intake of crude fiber, such as celery, spinach, sweet potatoes, bananas and so on. If you don't have diabetes, drink honey water before going to bed at night. Finally, if all the above methods fail, you can take senna, tongbianling and kaiselu.
No smoking, no drinking.
Nicotine and nicotine in cigarettes have direct damage to cardiovascular system,
Inducing cardiovascular spasm; Alcohol dilates blood vessels, and a small amount of alcohol, especially
It is a small amount of alcohol that helps to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease and its cardiovascular diseases.
Rate, but it is absolutely forbidden to drink a lot. If you have high blood pressure,
Diabetes, then don't advocate drinking.
Pay attention to keep warm in cold season.
The incidence of coronary heart disease will increase significantly in cold season. The reason is cold thorn.
Stimulation can accelerate heart rate, raise blood pressure, contract blood vessels and induce coronary artery spasm.
To acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, in the high incidence season, patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to prevention.
Cold and warm, reduce outdoor activities.
Develop a good habit of taking a nap.
Taking a nap for 30 minutes every day can reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease by 30%. Guanxin
How do sick people take a nap? First, don't eat too much before taking a nap.
It's too greasy. Secondly, it is not advisable to take a nap immediately after lunch. Again, take it with you when you sleep.
Lie on the right side with your head high and your feet low to relieve heart pressure. Some coronary heart disease
People like to sit at their desks or take a nap, which is harmful because it will make their brains scarce.
Blood and hypoxia are aggravated. Fourth, patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension should avoid taking it before going to bed.
Antihypertensive drugs. 5. The nap time of patients with coronary heart disease is about 1 hour.
Before getting up, you should move your hands and feet gently on the bed, and then sit up slowly.
Adjust mental state and maintain psychological stability.
Correctly understand the disease and actively cooperate with the treatment. Avoid bad stimulation and keep a good mood. For some annoying and anxious things, we can take the method of temporarily forgetting, jump out of the real troubles, or immerse ourselves in the memories of happy moments in the past, or indulge in the longing for a better future.
Cultivate hobbies and leisure spiritual life.
To cultivate leisure and elegance purposefully can cultivate interest and calm the mind.
People's hobbies and extracurricular activities, such as watching flowers, fish, grass, relaxing music and practicing books.
Painting methods, etc. , and according to their physical condition to participate in some appropriate such as travel, vertical.
Fishing, dancing and other sports activities.
Carry first-aid medicine with you.
Prepare a health care box in daily life and put some nitric acid in it.
Glycerol, propranolol, isosorbide dinitrate and other commonly used first-aid drugs will
Keep it in a handy place so that it can be used in time when the disease occurs.
If the pain persists or cannot be relieved by taking medicine, you should be sent to the hospital immediately.
Diagnosis.
Treat diseases related to coronary heart disease.
Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and coronary atherosclerosis are inseparable, which are risk factors of coronary heart disease and must be treated in time.