First, the necessity of sexual health education in primary schools
With regard to health education, relevant education experts have done in-depth research, conducted many social surveys and solicited opinions and suggestions from all walks of life. The conclusion is that sexual health education should be carried out in the upper grades of primary schools and it is necessary.
With the progress of social civilization, the enhancement of people's social consciousness and the diversification of spiritual needs, the debate on the topic of sexual health education has come and gone, and sexual health education has become an objective need. In terms of sexual health education in primary schools, although some places have made gratifying achievements, quite a few places are not satisfactory or simply do not carry out sexual health education. The main reasons for this situation are: there is no scientific and rational understanding of sexual health education; I am embarrassed to talk about the knowledge of sexual physical health; I'm afraid that after this kind of education, students will have bad consequences because of curiosity. The above reasons show that it is not only students but also teachers who lack sex education.
Second, the basic principles of sexual health education in primary schools
Sexual health education in primary schools should be based on the principle of practicality and seeking truth from facts, and closely follow the teaching objectives and teaching materials stipulated in the syllabus. The purpose is to let primary school students have a brief understanding of the changes in the names, structures, functions and physiological characteristics of various organs of the human body in different periods, and to let students know some problems that appear in the process of physical and mental development in adolescence, so as to establish a self-esteem, self-knowledge, self-care, self-reliance and self-confidence outlook on life, world outlook and values. Teachers should start from a healthy concept of body and mind and guide them to correctly cope with the physical and mental changes that occur during their own growth.
Third, the main content of sexual health education in primary schools
The fifth, sixth and seventh sections of the tenth volume of the current primary school textbook "Hygiene and Health Care" involve some contents of sexual health education for primary school students. First, the physiological changes in adolescence; Second, adolescent physiological phenomena and health care; Third, adolescent mental health care. In these contents, the textbook focuses on some physiological and psychological changes of teenagers, especially the significant changes in body shape and function, and introduces what should be paid attention to in nutrition, exercise, health and other aspects, what knowledge should be learned in adolescence, what should be done in daily life, what should be prepared psychologically, what should be done, what should not be done, and so on. Understanding these basic knowledge is very important for the healthy growth of primary school students.
Combined with the content of the textbook, the main way of sexual health education for primary school students is through classroom teaching. In view of the performance and influence of the secondary sexual characteristics of men and women, as well as all kinds of sexual psychological phenomena brought about by the development of sexual physiology, teachers should correctly and objectively explain and guide them scientifically, so that students can correctly understand and deal with their own behaviors.
In addition, because children's social cognitive ability is not high, their "immune ability" to all kinds of bad temptations is poor, and they are prone to loneliness, confusion, curiosity, fear, irritability and sexual violence. Teachers, parents or elders should arrange students to carry out various forms of cultural and sports activities that are beneficial to physical and mental health, read more popular science books and celebrity inspirational books for teenagers' physical and mental health, and guide students to correctly understand their own physiological changes and avoid unnecessary misunderstandings. On this basis, they are required to achieve "four noes" and "four diligence". "four noes": don't watch movies, TV and CDs that are not suitable for children; Don't read books and pictures that are not suitable for children; Don't listen to children's inappropriate jokes; No puppy love. "Four Diligences": diligent study, diligent thinking, diligent labor and diligent exercise. At the same time, students are encouraged to participate in some social welfare activities or scientific and technological activities within their power, so as to enhance their ability to analyze, judge and solve problems in practice.
Sexual health education in primary schools is a compulsory course for adolescent children. As educators, we should give students scientific and objective guidance through various ways such as classroom and extracurricular, make up for their lack of knowledge in sexual physiology and psychology, and make primary school students' sexual health education develop healthily.
Author unit
Kunming Wuhua district hongyun primary school
Editor in Charge: Zhang zhen