Primary school students' mental health education knowledge, because their minds are gradually mature, but their tolerance is still relatively poor, so we need to pay close attention to their mental health. Let me take a look at the relevant materials of mental health education knowledge in primary schools with you.
Knowledge of mental health education in primary schools 1 1. Causes of mental health of primary school students;
1, the influence of social environment.
Unpredictable external conditions such as bad weather and various accidents are all unhealthy natural environmental factors. However, in recent years, some negative effects in society have had a great impact on primary school students. The influx of some unhealthy pornographic and violent film and television dramas in the west has caused bad stimulation to children. Due to the lack of discrimination, blind imitation is also a major factor causing psychological abnormalities of primary school students.
2. Ignoring school education.
On the issue of students' mental health, school education has many shortcomings. For example: one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate; Pay more attention to in-class teaching than extracurricular education; Pay more attention to top students and less attention to underachievers. In addition, many schools keep saying that it is quality education, but it is actually exam-oriented education, which increases the burden of students' schoolwork, thus making many students feel bored, psychologically panic, lack of self-confidence and so on. There are also some teachers who lack the knowledge of mental health education urgently needed in the current education and teaching work, are not good at understanding the inner world of students, and are used to unconsciously treating many things that originally belonged to psychological problems as ideological problems. For example, treating students' emotional instability caused by psychological barriers as a deliberate violation of classroom discipline and treating students' psychology as an ideological problem will inevitably hurt students' mental health.
3. The misunderstanding of family education.
Parents are children's first teachers, and their moral cultivation, educational level and educational methods have a direct and significant impact on students' moral and psychological growth. A considerable number of parents are eager for their children's success and have unrealistic expectations for their children. They use their children's academic performance to evaluate the quality of their students, put pressure on them, and make them feel nervous, depressed and even afraid. Some parents have poor moral quality and unhealthy style, and their words and deeds directly affect their children's mental health.
Two, strengthen the mental health education of primary school students, improve students' psychological quality, should start from many aspects:
(A) to create an environment conducive to the healthy development of students' psychology.
1. Create a beautiful campus environment.
School is students' second home, and students unconsciously accept the education and influence of the school. Therefore, an elegant, clean, civilized and comfortable campus environment can give students a good psychological influence of "calming down". The painting and calligraphy gallery, famous sayings and aphorisms, school spirit and various publicity windows on campus will give students the enjoyment of beauty and rational thinking. The campus is full of flowers and green grass, so that students are always influenced by beauty, educated in pleasure and consciously form a positive attitude.
2. Create educational situations to promote the optimization of students' psychological quality.
At present, the psychological and behavioral problems of teenagers are increasing day by day, and human psychology and behavior are inseparable. Good behavior habits are dominated by good psychological quality, and good behavior habits can be internalized and precipitated into certain psychological quality. Therefore, school mental health education is not only oral preaching, but also creating various situations to urge students to control themselves, form good behavior habits and form certain psychological quality. For example, some students now have poor self-control, picking and trampling flowers and plants at will, or throwing scraps of paper at will. According to these circumstances, we can put environmental protection trash cans in every corner of the campus, erect wooden boards on the grass and write pleading words such as "Please love us", so that students can't bear to destroy it and gradually form good behavior habits. It can be seen that the creation of various situations, through psychological cognitive cues, can cultivate students' healthy psychological quality and promote students' good behavior habits.
(2) Constantly improve the psychological quality of teachers.
Teachers are not only imparting knowledge to students, but also role models for students to learn. Their words and deeds have a great influence on students. In order to carry out mental health education for students, teachers must improve their psychological quality. For example, teachers should be extensively trained in psychological knowledge, and mental health education should be regarded as an important part of teachers' continuing education, so that every teacher can master the basic knowledge of mental health, correctly guide students and make no mistakes in the process of education and teaching. At the same time, I think for the sake of students' mental health, teachers should do the following:
Teachers should respect students.
"Does the student respect the teacher" is the primary condition for the class teacher to evaluate a student's moral character. Has the class teacher asked himself "Do I respect the student?" Respecting students includes respecting students' personality, respecting students' labor, respecting students' achievements and respecting students' privacy.
Teachers should not be selfish.
This "selfishness" means that the class teacher should be fair and just to the students and not be emotional. Students with good grades are favored by teachers, but our teachers can't be partial to a student or even make unfair decisions just because of his good grades.
3. Teachers should be honest.
The word "sincerity" is not only applicable to the commodity society, but also what teachers should do. Some teachers will inadvertently exaggerate or reduce the situation when reporting the situation of students to their parents; Promise students something and then deny it; Sometimes a teacher tells his colleagues 6767 unscrupulously in front of students, which will make students think that teachers can lie. Why can't we?
Knowledge of mental health education in primary schools 2 1. Eliminating rebellious psychology-communication.
First of all, we should cultivate students' social adaptability, and ask them to hone their thoughts and sentiments, establish a correct outlook on life and the world, and be a talented person who contributes to society. Secondly, they are required to understand adults in a positive sense, so that students can understand that parents and teachers are well-intentioned criticisms. Parents and teachers can also make people, and normal people, feel happy and unhappy and make mistakes. As long as we understand these things with a tolerant attitude, we will not be rebellious; Third, educate students to know themselves correctly, grasp themselves and strive to improve themselves. I often remind myself to exercise restraint, communicate more, increase trust and learn more. Finally, parents and teachers are required to pay more attention to their children's psychological needs, keep abreast of their thoughts and actions, listen to their voices, understand their joys and sorrows, put down their elders' airs and establish an equal relationship with their children.
2. Eliminate inferiority and loneliness-enhance self-confidence.
There are many reasons for inferiority and loneliness. Generally speaking, the main reasons are physiological reasons, setbacks and psychological trauma, personality factors, family education problems and unsatisfied needs. The key to eliminating inferiority and loneliness is to be satisfied with your existing strength! Teachers should help students analyze their own advantages, make correct evaluations and give full play to their own strengths; Secondly, do everything possible to improve your self-confidence. We join hands with teachers of various subjects to enhance students' self-confidence and prevent them from feeling that they can't do anything well. Finally, it is to guide students to overcome their inferiority by assiduously making up their shortcomings and fostering their strengths and avoiding their weaknesses. Teachers should help these students find their own breakthrough and make achievements in a certain aspect through hard work.
3. Eliminate sensitive and fragile psychology-cultivate will.
To eliminate fragile psychology, we must first guide students to establish a correct outlook on life and world and improve their cognitive level; Secondly, improve students' self-control level and cultivate frustration tolerance; Third, overcome the pessimistic and negative mentality and establish self-confidence and self-motivation; Finally, it is to teach students how to release negative emotions and get rid of pessimism and disappointment, that is, to improve students' psychological endurance by organizing students to participate in social practice, cultivating various interests to divert attention, making more intimate friends, and seeking help from social forces (such as seeing a psychologist). ).
The manifestations of pupils' psychological problems
1, learning anxiety
According to the survey, in some large and medium-sized cities in China, more than 10% of primary school students have learning anxiety. This is mainly due to the intensification of students' learning competition and heavy learning burden. Schools, teachers and parents put too much emphasis on grades, which has caused heavy psychological pressure on primary school students.
2. Interpersonal anxiety
Interpersonal communication anxiety mainly refers to feeling anxious and at a loss in communication with others. This tendency is becoming more and more serious among primary school students now, which affects children's normal interpersonal communication and psychological needs.
On the one hand, interpersonal anxiety is caused by the unfavorable family communication environment of primary school students. On the other hand, it is the result of improper teaching methods and neglect of cultivating students' interpersonal skills.
3. Self-reproach tendency
Self-reproach tendency means that when unpleasant things happen, people often think they are bad and fear what they have done. The root of self-reproach tendency is anxiety about losing the love and recognition of others. When students feel that their parents, teachers and friends don't approve, they tend to blame themselves.
4. frustration
The frustration of primary school students comes from many aspects, including study, interpersonal communication, interest desire, self-esteem and so on. The reasons are family factors, social environment factors and personal subjective factors.
Pupils commit suicide by jumping off a building, are tired of learning, and are withdrawn ... Many extreme examples show that the mental health problems of pupils can not be ignored now. Before Children's Day came this year, Nanjing Communist Youth League Committee, Nanjing Minors' Ideological and Moral Construction Monitoring Center, together with experts from Nanjing Normal University's School of Education Science, organized a sampling survey on the mental health of primary school students, involving Nanjing 10 primary schools. The results show that most students are in good mental health, with 65,438+07.92% students having mental health deviation and 4,065,438+0% students having obvious psychological problems.
82.08% of the students are psychologically healthy.
This survey conducted a questionnaire survey on 302 students in grade 1 ~ 6 in Lhasa Road Primary School, Sun City Primary School, Gaochun Yangjiang Central Primary School and Liuhe District Experimental Primary School. The questionnaire was filled out by the class teacher and parents.
From the results, the overall mental state of primary school students is good, and 82.08% of them are mentally healthy. There are 17.92% pupils with mental health deviation, among which 4.0 1% pupils have obvious psychological problems, indicating that most pupils with psychological problems are mild mental disorders, which can be recovered as long as they are found and corrected in time.
"Learning disabilities" ranked first.
The survey shows that although many primary school students do not show obvious psychological problems as a whole, 30.8% of them have problems in at least one subscale, that is, they have different degrees of psychological obstacles or maladjustment in some aspects. According to the concentration of problems, the order is: learning disabilities, emotional disorders, personality defects, behavioral disorders, social adaptation disorders, bad habits, moral defects, and special obstacles.
Mental health girls are better than boys.
Furthermore, according to the mental health status of different groups of primary school students, the primary school students are classified according to boys and girls, different ages, only children and non-only children, class team cadres and non-class team cadres, physical health and diseases, and different grades. The survey has a detailed analysis of the psychological problems of each group.
Knowledge of mental health education in primary schools. The main manifestations of pupils' psychological defects
1, sensitive:
Teenagers have strong self-awareness, urgent self-esteem requirements and low psychological endurance. Therefore, when they realize that their self-esteem is threatened, they will have strong anxiety, anxiety and fear. When their self-esteem is hurt, they will be angry, angry, often nervous and suspicious.
2. Rebellion:
Because primary school students are in the transition period of growth, their sense of independence and self-awareness is increasing day by day. They are eager to get rid of the supervision of parents and teachers and oppose adults treating themselves as children. At the same time, in order to show their uniqueness, it is easy for them to hold a critical attitude towards everything.
3. Jealousy:
This is an unpleasant feeling that others are dominant in the heart. When others are better than themselves (such as study, looks, popularity, etc. ), they show unhappy, self-mutilation, resentment, anger and even destructive negative emotions.
4. Lost:
Pupils have many fantasies, hoping to turn them into reality. They will make all kinds of efforts, even deliberately pursue it. When this demand is continuously unsatisfied or partially satisfied, there will be setbacks, mostly in learning, eating and wearing, playing with high-end toys and so on. This is easy to bring tension, fear, frustration and disappointment to primary and secondary school students.
5. Inferiority:
It is an emotional experience of feeling ashamed because of printing too much self-denial. Lack of confidence in yourself, inferior to others in all aspects, and inferiority. In interpersonal communication, I underestimated my ability and my psychological endurance was fragile. Caution, withdrawal, hesitation, etc.
6. Loneliness:
Through the investigation, it is found that some students often feel that they are lonely in the vast sea, and they are withdrawn and unwilling to associate with others, but complain that others do not understand and accept themselves. Psychology calls this psychological state locking psychology, and the resulting emotional experience of feeling isolated and lonely is called loneliness.
Second, the main reasons for psychological barriers of primary school students
The psychological problems of primary school students are influenced by both their own growth factors and external environmental factors, and are the result of the comprehensive action of "internal causes" and "external causes", which can be summarized as follows:
1, the imbalance of physical and mental growth.
Great changes have taken place in the physical development of primary school students. They have no experience, lack of knowledge and experience, and their cognitive ability, understanding, thinking ability and feelings are far behind those of adults. This imbalance between physical development and psychological development has caused many puzzles, troubles and anxieties among primary school students, resulting in psychological problems.
2. The misunderstanding of family education.
Overindulgence and high expectations make family education generally tend to ignore social education such as moral development, personality education, practical ability and social responsibility. Parents only pay attention to their children's exams and further studies, but they don't pay attention to their moral development, communication skills, personality cultivation and social behavior norms. When parents' high expectations are inconsistent with their children's own needs, they always impose their wishes on their children's wishful thinking, which will make teenagers feel depressed and dissatisfied, cause psychological diseases such as doubt and depression, and lead to high scores, low energy and unhealthy psychology.
3. The misunderstanding of school education.
Under pressure, some schools and teachers have to try their best to pursue the enrollment rate and create a famous brand effect. Achievement has become the only criterion for evaluating students' ability. If students' emotional troubles cannot be told to teachers and parents in time, it will cause psychological stress and form psychological barriers. The development of mental health education in primary schools in different regions is very uneven, especially there are still some unhealthy tendencies such as discipline, medicine, one-sidedness, formalization and isolation.
4. The influence of social environment.
School education shows students positive education; At present, various ideological trends are impacting our society, and there is a strong contrast between the simple educational content and the complicated social life, which leads students to fall into a situation of no reference and no attachment. The confusion of students' thoughts and emotional fluctuations are also one of the reasons for the formation of psychological obstacles.