Accident and medical insurance:
For travelers under 55, traffic accidents and accidental injuries are the main causes of death, followed by drowning, air crash, murder and fire.
For elderly travelers, heart disease is the main cause of death.
Only 1% of travelers died of infection, but in general, infection is the main cause of tourism-related diseases.
Medical insurance: We suggest that tourists take out certain overseas special health insurance before going out. The insurance will provide direct payment to foreign hospitals or doctors when necessary, including the transfer of medical allowances. The insurance policy will also provide a 24-hour hotline service, and the multilingual assistance center will be responsible for arranging and supervising the implementation of medical care and deciding whether first aid or ambulance is needed.
Threats from animals:
Threats from animals include snakes, centipedes, scorpions and some poisonous spiders.
Cholera: It is reported that cholera is rampant in this country, but it poses less threat to tourists. Cholera vaccine is mainly aimed at people living and working in high-risk areas with poor sanitation.
Vaccination against cholera is not an official requirement before entering or leaving any country. Nevertheless, sometimes some countries still need tourists from countries threatened by cholera to show proof of receiving cholera vaccine. It is conceivable that tourists will travel with medical exemption certificates provided by their national health centers. Tourism Medicine Co., Ltd. advises tourists to use internationally certified vaccines and bring the certificate of "no cholera vaccine" issued by the health center provided by their country. This certificate must have their official signature and seal (the "unified seal" of the United States) to be valid.
Dengue fever: This endemic disease is occasionally prevalent in cities and semi-rural areas below 1000 meters above sea level in India, with the highest incidence in central and northern regions. 1996 Dengue fever broke out in New Delhi, killing 400 people. There are few cases of dengue fever in western India, and it is prevalent all the year round in southern India. In northern India, April-10 is the peak of dengue fever transmission. The main measure to prevent dengue fever is to prevent the bite of Aedes mosquitoes.
Filariasis: Filariasis is prevalent in southern, central and northern parts of the country, especially in Bihar and other cities. Visitors to this country should be alert to mosquito bites.
Hepatitis: It is recommended that all tourists who have not been vaccinated with hepatitis A be vaccinated. Hepatitis B accounts for 70% of the cases of memory hepatitis in this country. Most hepatitis cases in India are transmitted through sewage from sewers. At present, there is no hepatitis B vaccine, so tourists should only drink boiled water or canned water to reduce the chance of getting hepatitis. For short-term tourists who stay for 3 months, they should be injected with hepatitis C vaccine at the peak of hepatitis C. Visitors should also pay attention to the fact that hepatitis C can be spread through unprotected sex or using contaminated syringes.
Influenza: In the area north of the Tropic of Cancer, influenza spreads from June 165438+ 10 to March of the following year, while in the area south of the Tropic of Cancer, influenza spreads all year round. We recommend that all tourists who are over 50 years old, suffer from chronic diseases or poor autoimmune system, and want to avoid contracting the disease be vaccinated with influenza vaccine. Pregnant women must be vaccinated after three months of pregnancy.
Japanese encephalitis: Japanese encephalitis is prevalent in this country all the year round, except in the northern region. April-10 is the peak of JE transmission. In western India, the threat of Japanese encephalitis is relatively small. Most cases of Japanese encephalitis occurred in the eastern coastal areas, the border areas between Nepal and the north, the northwest and southwest. Culex pipiens, which spreads Japanese encephalitis, basically moves in areas below 1000 meters above sea level. Visitors who stay in rural areas for more than three to four weeks are advised to be vaccinated against Japanese encephalitis. Visitors should also pay attention to prevent mosquito bites, especially at night.
Leishmaniasis: There are many cases of leishmaniasis in rural areas in eastern India, but there are also cases of leishmaniasis in Bihar in the north. There are individual cases of leishmaniasis in the west. Visitors should also prevent insect bites.
Malaria: Except Jammu, Kashmir and Sikkim, where the altitude is above 2,000, malaria is prevalent all over India all the year round. Malaria epidemic in New Delhi is seasonal: July-10 is the transmission period, and it reaches its peak in September. The infection rate in mountainous and rural areas is higher than that in lowland and urban areas. But tourists in Vientiane will not be threatened by malaria.
All tourists should take measures to prevent insect bites. Methods to prevent mosquito bites include applying mosquito repellent containing DEET on the skin surface, spraying permethrin on clothes and tents, and using mosquito nets treated with permethrin when sleeping at night.
Threat from the sea: Stingrays, jellyfish and some poisonous fish species in the coastal areas of India are a potential threat and sometimes even fatal to tourists who swim here without any preventive measures.
Meningitis: The New Delhi area and neighboring areas south of New Delhi may be infected with this disease. Slums in rural and urban India are susceptible to diseases. From June 1 1 to April next year, the possibility of contracting the disease in cooler areas will increase.
Other diseases and threats: anthrax, brucellosis, cysticercosis, Kozanur forest virus, leprosy, leptospirosis, intestinal infection, melioidosis, paragonimiasis, scabies, trachoma, typhoid fever and West Nile fever.
Plague: This disease poses no threat to tourists. 1994 A plague broke out in West India, but the Indian government announced that the plague ended in 1996.
Rabies: More than 30,000 people in India are infected with rabies every year. This disease is a potential threat to Indian tourists. Once bitten by animals, especially dogs, we should attach great importance to it and take emergency medical measures. Although tourists are rarely infected with rabies, it cannot be ignored. Visitors should not hug or take in any lost animals. Parents should tell their children not to touch unfamiliar animals.
We suggest that tourists who stay for up to 3 months or plan to pass through areas where lost animals often appear should be vaccinated.
Road safety: Driving in India is very dangerous. Roads and highways outside the big cities in the country are poorly maintained and the traffic is very crowded. Even the main road has only two lanes. Lack of road signs and warning signs. India's roads are crowded with trucks, buses, pedestrians and livestock. Driving at night is particularly dangerous.
Schistosomiasis: The threat of this disease is basically negligible in India.
Tourist dysentery: Dysentery is a serious epidemic in India, which is prevalent all over the country. The infection rate of dysentery has increased in rural areas. India's water source often comes from well water, so it is generally polluted. Untreated sewage, industrial water and farmland sewage have polluted most rivers in India. In India, the supply of piped water is limited, and all water sources should be regarded as inedible. We suggest using antibiotics containing 4- chlorophenyl -4- hydroxy (imino) benzoquinone to treat acute dysentery. If antibiotics are ineffective against dysentery, it may be caused by parasitic diseases. Such as Giardia, amoebiasis and intestinal diseases.
Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis is a major health problem in this country, and about 2% of Indians are infected with tuberculosis. Tourists who plan to stay in the local area for a long time should do the skin test of tuberculosis (PPD test) before leaving and do another test before leaving the country. Tourists and foreigners who have been to India for a long time should first confirm whether they are infected with tuberculosis when hiring local helpers and tour guides in India.
Typhoid fever: This disease is a potential threat to Indian tourists. We recommend that tourists who live in the country for a long time, or those who like adventure and want to get comprehensive disease prevention, be vaccinated against typhoid fever. Since typhoid vaccine is only 60% to 70% effective, tourists still need to pay attention to the hygiene of food and drink.
Yellow fever: At present, tourists to India are not threatened by yellow fever.