1. Range:
Conventional and unconventional activities
Activities of all personnel near the workplace (including subcontractors and visitors)
Facilities in the workplace, whether provided by the organization or by others.
2. Contents:
Fire control management
Production equipment management
Management of labor protection articles
Motor vehicle management
Office condition management
Medical care management
What are OHSAS 18000 occupational safety and health risks?
As we all know, there are always potential hazards in people's work activities or working environment, which may cause property losses, harm the environment, affect human health and even cause injury accidents. These hazards are chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic and other kinds. People refer to the possibility of one or some dangers causing accidents and their possible consequences as risks. Risk can be evaluated by indicators such as probability of occurrence, harm scope and loss size. The object of modern occupational safety and health management is occupational safety and health risks. The losses caused by accidents caused by risks are various, generally divided into the following aspects:
(l) Injuries to the employees themselves and others' lives;
(2) Health injuries of employees themselves and others (including psychological injuries);
(3) Damage and loss of data, equipment and facilities (including failure to work normally within a certain period of time or for a long time);
(4) Accident handling expenses (including indirect expenses such as shutdown and accident investigation);
(5) Increase the economic burden of organizations and employees;
(6) Mental, psychological and economic injuries and losses of employees themselves and others' families, friends and society;
(7) Criticism and accusation from government, industry and public opinion;
(8) organizational image damage caused by legal investigation and news exposure;
(9) Investors or financial departments lose confidence;
(10) Damage and loss of organizational reputation and loss of business opportunities;
(1 1) The market competitiveness of the products declines;
(12) Complaints, complaints and criticisms from employees themselves and others. The loss of occupational safety and health accidents includes direct loss and indirect loss, and the cost of loss far exceeds the cost of medical treatment and disease compensation, that is to say, the indirect loss is generally far greater than the direct loss.
There are two kinds of risk-induced accidents that cause losses: personal factors and work/system factors. Personal factors include: lack of physical/physiological structural ability, such as height, weight, lack of stretching, sensitivity or allergy to substances; Insufficient thinking/psychological ability, such as insufficient understanding, poor judgment, poor sense of direction, etc. ; Physiological stress, such as feeling overload and fatigue, exposure to extreme temperature, lack of oxygen, etc. Thinking or psychological stress, such as emotional overload, requires extreme concentration/attention, etc. ; Insufficient knowledge, such as insufficient training, misunderstanding, etc. ; Insufficient skills, such as insufficient internship; Incorrect driving force, such as inappropriate colleague competition. Work/system factors include: insufficient guidance/supervision, such as unclear or conflicting authorization responsibilities, insufficient decentralization, and insufficient policies, procedures, operating methods or guidance; Insufficient engineering design, such as insufficient consideration of human factors/ergonomics, insufficient preparation for operation, etc. Insufficient procurement, such as incorrect storage materials or transportation materials, insufficient identification of dangerous goods, etc. ; Insufficient maintenance, such as insufficient lubricating oil and maintenance, and insufficient inspection equipment. ; Insufficient tools and equipment, such as insufficient working standards, abnormal wear and tear of equipment, abuse or misuse, thus, loss control is not limited to the scope of personal safety control. Dr Deming and other management scientists found that about 65,438+05% of the problems in a company can be controlled by employees, and about 85% or more problems can be controlled by management. Losses are not "inevitable" costs in enterprise management, but can be prevented and eliminated through management.
Benefits of establishing OHSAS 18000 occupational safety and health management system in enterprises
Enhance the corporate image of the company.
Enhance the cohesion of the company.
Reduce the occupational safety and health risks of enterprise operation and realize the sustainable operation of enterprises.
Make internal management improvement.
Avoid direct/indirect losses caused by occupational safety and health problems.
Fulfill the international/social responsibility of the enterprise.
Adapt to the new trend of international trade.
OHSAS 18000 What is the development stage of occupational safety and health management?
The development of occupational safety and health management has gone through the following stages:
1950s: The main content of occupational safety and health management is to control accidents related to personal injury and prevent accidents from happening again, which is a kind of negative control without considering other issues. 1970s: Loss control was carried out to a certain extent, and some problems related to people, equipment, materials and environment were considered, but it was still passive reaction and passive control. 1990s: Occupational safety and health management has developed to the stage of risk control, and risks caused by personal factors and work/system factors can be fully and actively controlled, which is an active management mode. 265,438+20th century: The research report of the British Safety and Health Executive Committee shows that the losses caused by factory injuries, occupational diseases and preventable non-injury accidents account for about 5%-65,438+00% of the profits of British organizations. The laws and regulations on occupational safety and health in various countries are increasingly strict, and the protection of personnel safety has been paid more and more attention. Relevant coordination measures have been introduced one after another, and the requirements of all parties concerned for workplaces and working conditions have been improved. Modern management calls for people-oriented. For organizations, occupational safety and health is a social moral and legal responsibility. Various organizations pay more and more attention to how to control the hazards and risks caused by their business activities, products or services to employees, and consider incorporating occupational safety and health management into their daily management activities. Therefore, occupational safety and health management in the 2 1 century is to control all risks, coordinate loss control with the overall management plan, and realize systematic management. This management system not only needs to consider people, equipment, materials and environment, but also needs to consider human resources, product quality, engineering design, procurement of goods, contract system, legal responsibility and manufacturing scheme. It can be seen from the related expositions of several large British companies that the organizations attached importance to occupational safety and health management in the 20th century: BP: prevention is cheaper than cure, benevolence and righteousness do not necessarily conflict with business principles, work safety is good business, and profit and safety are not mutually exclusive. Bates Group, UK: By improving our health and safety system, we saved 750,000 pounds of insurance money. There is no doubt that safety is our most important investment. The question is not how much it cost us, but how much it saved us.
The emergence of occupational safety and health management system, the British Organization for Standardization took the lead in formulating the Guide to Occupational Safety and Health Management System (BS 8800: 1996), aiming at ensuring the safety and health of employees and related personnel, improving the internal management of the organization, reducing operational risks and avoiding losses. Occupational safety and health management system embodies the international trend of protecting human rights and has become the new focus of international attention after ISO 9000 quality management system and ISO 14000 environmental management system. Many organizations have established occupational safety and health management systems based on this guide, such as Ponzi, ABB, Hangzhou Steel and Panasonic.
However, BS8800 only provides two methods to establish the system, which are guiding outlines or recommended practices and cannot be used as the basis for system certification. At present, there is no universal certification standard for occupational safety and health management system. In this case, in order to meet the certification requirements of the organization, a few well-known international accreditation bodies have formulated their own certification standards for occupational safety and health management system on the basis of BS8800.
Significance of establishing occupational safety and health management system for organizations Although only dozens of organizations in the world have obtained the certification of occupational safety and health management system at present, it is bound to become a new international trend to establish occupational safety and health management system and seek certification, and the benefits it brings to organizations are reflected in the following aspects:
(l) Obtaining the occupational safety and health management system certification through the third-party review, and publishing that it meets the relevant standards, so as to improve the company's organizational image;
(2) Reflect managers' concern for employees, establish a "people-oriented" organizational culture, and enhance the cohesion of the company;
(3) Minimize or eliminate the occupational safety and health risks of the organization's operation, avoid direct/indirect losses caused by related problems, and realize the goal of sustainable operation of the enterprise;
(4) Improve internal management through systematization and full participation;
(5) Commitment to abide by laws, regulations and other requirements, take the initiative to abide by the law, and fulfill the international/social responsibilities of the organization;
(6) conform to the new trend of international trade.
Judging from the development trend of global system certification and product certification, occupational safety and health management system certification will become a non-tariff trade barrier. Establishing the system and passing the certification as soon as possible will help organizations seize opportunities in international trade.
General situation of occupational health and safety management system
1. feature
Establish a management system to control performance.
L PDCA cycle is adopted
L prevention first, continuous improvement and dynamic management
L Abide by laws and regulations throughout the system.
L applicable to all industries
L voluntary principle
2. Composition of occupational health and safety management system specification
China occupational health and safety management system specification is basically the same as OHSMS 18000 in content and structure, and mainly consists of three parts:
L Scope: Specify organizational wishes and boundaries (restrictions) used in this guiding technical document.
L terms: 17 terms and definitions
L OHSMS elements: five functional blocks, each consisting of several elements, *** 17 elements.
Among them, the standard components of the occupational health and safety management system include:
1 range
2 normative reference documents
3 Terms and definitions
Four elements of occupational health and safety management system
4. 1 General requirements
4.2 Occupational Health and Safety Policy
4.3 planning
4.4 Implementation and Operation
4.5 Inspection and Corrective Measures
4.6 Management review
OHSAS 18000, full name of occupational health and safety assessment series 18000, is an international safety and health management system verification standard. The development of OHSMS is mainly to solve the problem of how to choose the certification standard of safety and health management system formulated by many certification bodies, replacing the well-known BS8800 (only a guide, not a certification standard) as an officially verifiable international standard. Because the above levy can't be sorted out, customers often take a wait-and-see attitude. In fact, we all know that it is urgent to establish a safety and health management system. Compared with the establishment of quality and environmental management system, it has less business-oriented incentives and more respect for employees' lives and property. In order to solve the above problems, major verification institutions (such as SGS, BSI, NSAI, ASB, BVQI, LRQA, etc. ) refer to the existing safety management system standards (such as ISA 2000, BS 8800, NSAI SR 320, AS/NZ 480 1, SafetyCert, OHSMS, LRQASMS 8800). The architecture of OHSAS 1800 1 specification is consistent with ISO 1400 1, and it is also designed according to the continuous improvement mode of PDCA, while the content of OHSAS 18002 implementation guide refers to ISA 2000.
OHSAS 1800 1 Elements of Occupational Safety and Health Management System
4. 1 General requirements
The organization shall establish and maintain a safety and health management system, and this section (4) will explain the requirements of this system.
4.2 Safety and Health Policy
The organization shall have an occupational safety and health policy authorized by the senior management, clearly stating the overall safety and health objectives and the commitment to improve safety and health performance. The policy should:
The nature and scale of the safety and health risks faced by the organization are appropriate;
Including a commitment to continuous improvement;
Including the commitment to at least comply with the currently applicable safety and health laws and regulations and other requirements that the organization must comply with;
Recording, implementation and maintenance;
Communicate to all employees to make them aware of their personal safety and health responsibilities;
Can be disclosed to stakeholders;
And regular review to confirm that the policy remains relevant and appropriate to the organization.
4.3 planning
4.3. 1 Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control planning
The organization shall establish and maintain appropriate procedures to continuously identify hazards, evaluate risks and implement necessary control methods. This should include:
Conventional and unconventional activities;
Activities of all personnel entering the workplace (including subcontractors and visitors);
Facilities provided by organizations or other units in the workplace.
When formulating its own safety and health objectives, the organization shall confirm that the results of risk assessment and the effect of control have been considered. The organization should record this information and keep it up to date.
The organization's hazard identification and risk assessment methods shall:
According to the nature and timing of the relevant scope of the organization, ensure that it is active rather than passive;
Provide risk classification and identify those risks that will be eliminated or controlled by the methods defined in sections 4.3.3 and 4.3.4.
Meet the operating experience and the ability to use risk control methods;
Provide information input to determine requirements, identification of training requirements and/or development of operation control;
Supervise the demand action to confirm the effectiveness and timeliness of its implementation.
Note: See OHSAS 18002 for detailed guidance on hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control.
4.3.2 Laws, regulations and other requirements
The organization shall establish and maintain a procedure to identify and obtain applicable laws, regulations and other safety and health requirements. The organization should keep this information up to date. Relevant information of laws, regulations and other requirements shall be communicated to employees and other stakeholders.
target
Organize, establish and maintain documented occupational safety and health objectives in different internal departments and levels. When establishing and evaluating objectives, the organization shall consider laws, regulations and other requirements; Their own safety and health hazards and risks; Technical trade-offs; Financial, operational and business requirements; And the opinions of stakeholders. The objectives shall conform to the safety and health policy 1, including the commitment to continuous improvement.
Safety and health management scheme
The organization shall establish and maintain one or more safety and health management procedures to achieve its objectives. The plan shall include the following documents:
(a) the division of rights and responsibilities of all parties and strata concerned in the organization to achieve the objectives; and
(b) Methods and timetables for achieving the objectives.
The safety and health management plan shall be reviewed regularly and during the planning period. When necessary, the safety and health management plan should be revised to explain the changes in the organization's activities, products, services or operating conditions.
4.4 Implementation and Operation
Structure and responsibilities
The roles, responsibilities and authorities of personnel who manage, execute and verify organizational activities and have safety and health risks in the process should be defined, recorded and communicated to promote safety and health management. Senior managers are ultimately responsible for occupational safety and health. The organization shall appoint one of its senior managers (such as a member of the executive committee in a large organization) as the management representative to take on special responsibilities, and confirm that the operation of the safety and health management system in all places and fields of the organization can be correctly implemented and executed as required. Managers should provide the resources needed to implement, control and improve the safety and health management system.
Preparation: Resources include human resources, professional skills, technology and financial resources.
The management representative of the organization shall have the specified roles, responsibilities and authority to perform the following tasks:
Confirm that the requirements of the safety and health management system are established, implemented and maintained according to this standard;
Confirm to report the performance of the safety and health management system to the senior supervisor for review and as the basis for improving the safety and health management system. All people in charge of management should prove that they are committed to improving safety and health performance.
4.4.2 Training, cognition and ability
Personnel engaged in work that may affect the safety and health of the workplace should have the following abilities. Competencies should be defined by appropriate education, training and/or experience. The organization shall establish and maintain appropriate procedures to confirm that the personnel of relevant departments and levels have the following cognition: the importance of meeting the requirements of safety and health policies and procedures and safety and health management system;
Actual or potential safety and health benefits caused by employees' operation activities;
In order to meet the requirements of safety and health policies and procedures and the safety and health management system, including the requirements of emergency preparedness and response (see section 4.4.7), the roles and responsibilities that each person must play;
Possible consequences when deviating from specific operating procedures.
The training plan should test employees of different classes: (a) sense of responsibility, ability and literacy; And (b) risk.
4.4.3 Consultation and communication
The organization should have appropriate procedures to ensure that appropriate safety and health information can be communicated to employees and other stakeholders. The arrangement for employees to participate in the negotiation shall be documented and notified to the stakeholders.
Employees should: (a) participate in the formulation and review of policies and procedures for managing risks;
(b) Any change in the negotiation will affect the safety and health of the workplace;
(c) Understand safety and health-related matters;
(d) Know who is the representative of safety and health employees and who is the specific management representative (see section 4.4. 1).
document
The organization shall establish and maintain appropriate written or electronic information to
(a) Explain the core elements of IMIS and their interrelationships;
(b) Guidelines for relevant documents.
Test preparation: In order to be effective and efficient, it is important to keep documents to a minimum.
4.4.5 Document and data control
The organization shall establish and maintain appropriate procedures to control all documents and materials required by this standard to confirm:
Files are easy to retrieve;
Regularly review and revise documents and materials when necessary, and their suitability should be recognized by the responsible person;
All important workplaces related to the effective operation of the safety and health management system can obtain the latest versions of relevant documents and materials;
However, the invalid documents will be collected from all distribution places and use places, otherwise, it is necessary to ensure that they will not be misused;
Archives, documents and materials retained for legal and/or knowledge preservation purposes shall be properly marked.
4.4.6 Operation control
The organization should identify which operations and activities are related to the risk that people need to use control methods. The organization shall plan the above activities, including maintenance, and ensure that the operation meets the specified conditions by the following means:
(a) Establish and maintain documented procedures. If these procedures are not available, these procedures can cover situations that may lead to deviations from safety and health policies and objectives;
(b) Specify the operating standards of these procedures;
(c) Establish and maintain procedures related to identifiable safety and health risks in commodities, equipment and services purchased and/or used by the organization, and communicate relevant procedures and requirements to suppliers and contractors;
(d) Establish and maintain procedures for designing workplaces, manufacturing processes, installation, machinery, operating procedures and work organization, including the ability to adapt to employees, and eliminate safety and health risks from the source.
4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response
The organization shall establish and maintain appropriate plans and procedures to identify and respond to possible accidents and emergencies, and prevent or mitigate diseases and injuries that may be caused by these accidents. Its emergency preparedness and emergency plans and procedures should be reviewed, especially after an accident or emergency. If feasible, the organization should regularly test these contingency coordination.
4.5 Inspection and Corrective Measures
4.5. 1 Performance measurement and supervision
The organization shall establish and maintain appropriate procedures to regularly monitor and measure safety and health performance. This procedure should provide:
Qualitative and quantitative measurement methods suitable for organizational needs;
Supervise the realization of organizational safety and health objectives;
Proactive performance measurement to monitor safety and health management plan, operation guide and applicable laws and regulations;
Passive performance measurement, which is used to monitor accidents, illness accidents (including false positives) and other historical evidences lacking safety and health performance;
Records of measurement results and data sufficient for subsequent analysis of corrective and preventive measures.
If monitoring equipment is used to monitor and measure performance, the organization shall establish and maintain appropriate procedures to correct and maintain the equipment. The results of calibration and maintenance activities shall be preserved.
4.5.2 Accidents, accidents, nonconformities, corrective and preventive measures
The organization shall establish and maintain appropriate procedures to define responsibilities and responsibilities;
Handling and investigation of accidents, accidents and nonconformities;
Take measures to mitigate the impact of accidents, accidents or nonconformities;
Formulate and complete corrective and preventive measures;
Confirm the effectiveness of the corrective and preventive measures taken.
The procedure should require that all proposed corrective and preventive measures should be reviewed through a risk assessment process before implementation. When taking any corrective or preventive measures to eliminate the root causes of actual or potential nonconformities, appropriate measures should be taken according to the size of the problem and the degree of safety and health risks. Changes in documented procedures caused by corrective and preventive measures shall be implemented and recorded by the organization.
4.5.3 Records and records management
The organization shall establish and maintain appropriate procedures for identifying, maintaining and disposing of safety and health records. These records should include the results of the audit and review. Safety and health records shall be clear, identifiable and traceable to related activities. The storage and maintenance of safety and health records should be easy to retrieve, prevent damage, deterioration or loss, and stipulate and record the warranty period. Records shall be kept in a manner suitable for the system and organization to show that they conform to this specification.
audit
The organization shall establish and maintain an audit plan and appropriate procedures, and can regularly audit the safety and health management system to judge whether the safety and health management system meets the planning matters of safety and health management, including the requirements of this specification;
Implementation and maintenance;
Effectively meet the organization's policies and objectives;
Review previous audit results;
Submit audit result information to management.
The audit plan includes the schedule and should be based on the risk assessment results of the organization's activities and previous audit results. The audit procedure shall include the scope, frequency, methods and capabilities of the audit, as well as the responsibilities and requirements for implementing the audit result report. The audit should be independent, and as far as possible, it should be conducted by personnel who are not directly responsible for the activities being inspected.
Note: "independence" here does not necessarily mean outside the organization.
4.6 Management review
The senior managers of the organization shall review the safety and health management system according to their own schedule to confirm its continuous applicability, suitability and effectiveness. The process of management review should ensure that managers can obtain the necessary evaluation information. The review process and results shall be recorded. The management review shall put forward the revised policy, objectives and other possible requirements of the safety and health management system according to the audit results, changes in the situation and the commitment of continuous improvement.
The Spirit of Occupational Safety and Health Management System
Understand the losses and risks of occupational safety and health through self-assessment.
Formulate management regulations and improvement plans for health losses and important occupational safety risks.
Implement occupational safety and health management regulations and plans.
Regularly check and evaluate occupational safety and health regulations and plans.
Continuously improve occupational safety and health performance, and promise to abide by laws, regulations and other relevant requirements.
Say what you think, say what you do, and do what you have evidence to do.