education department of hunan
October 17, 2005
Guiding Outline of Life and Health Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in Hunan Province (for Trial Implementation)
In order to implement the spirit of "Several Opinions of the Central Committee and the State Council on Further Strengthening and Improving the Ideological and Moral Construction of Minors", implement the guiding ideology of "school education should establish health first", and guide and standardize life and health education in primary and secondary schools in our province, this outline is specially formulated.
First, the urgency and importance of life and health education
1. With the development of society, the prosperity of economy and the progress of science and technology, the physical and mental development of teenagers has taken on new characteristics, and the growth environment has also undergone new changes. It is of great significance and urgent task to carry out appropriate and timely life and health education in primary and secondary schools:
-it is an inevitable requirement to improve the overall quality of the nation. The quality of life and health of teenagers are related to the overall situation of the future socialist cause, the future of the country and the destiny of the nation. Carrying out life health education, promoting the harmonious development of teenagers' physical and mental health, making them become a new generation full of vitality, sound personality, distinctive personality and innovative wisdom, and improving their coping ability in the trend of economic globalization and cultural diversification is a major event related to national rejuvenation.
-It is an urgent need to promote the healthy growth of teenagers. Loving life and paying attention to health are the basic qualities that modern people should have. For a long time, due to the lack of life health education, the life confusion and health problems of primary and secondary school students in the process of growing up can not be guided in time and effectively. Some students are psychologically fragile, confused and out of control, and campus injuries, accidents, suicides and other incidents that endanger the personal safety of young students occur from time to time. It is the fundamental goal of modern education to carry out life health education, promote students' physical and mental health development and lay the foundation for students' lifelong happiness.
-is an important measure to promote the overall construction of moral education in primary and secondary schools in our province. Carrying out life health education is helpful to expand the ways of moral education in primary and secondary schools, improve the contents and methods of moral education, and is of great and far-reaching significance to cultivate young people to form a scientific view of life health, and then establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values.
Second, the guiding ideology and basic principles of life and health education
2. The guiding ideology of life and health education is to fully implement the Party's educational policy, implement the spirit of "Several Opinions of the Central Committee and the State Council on Further Strengthening and Improving the Ideological and Moral Construction of Minors", follow the characteristics and laws of physical and mental development of primary and secondary school students, scientifically and orderly organize the contents of life and health education, guide students to establish a correct outlook on life and health, improve their ability to maintain health and prevent infringement, enhance their life value, and lay the foundation for their healthy growth and lifelong happiness.
3, to carry out life and health education should adhere to the following basic principles
-people-oriented, health first principle. Respect for life is the basis of life health education. Principals and teachers must establish the feelings of caring for life, put students' life and health first, love students, care for students, appreciate students, strive to create a democratic, equal, warm, harmonious and energetic environment for students' growth, and implement education according to the laws of students' life growth and healthy development and social needs.
-The principle of putting education first and prevention first. It is necessary to guide students to understand the complexity of society, contact the bad temptations, potential dangers and illegal behaviors that students may encounter, teach students how to deal with them, improve their awareness and ability of self-protection, guard against possible harm, and strive to improve their survival ability and quality of life.
-the principle of highlighting key points and respecting differences. While insisting on facing all students, we should teach students in accordance with their aptitude, pay attention to students' personality differences, and scientifically intervene in individual students' crisis problems. It is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions, proceed from the reality of different regions, and start with the issues that students are most concerned about, and carry out various educational activities to reflect the different characteristics of life and health education in primary and secondary schools in cities and rural areas.
-the principle of integrating resources and coordinating forces. Life health education is a systematic project. It is necessary to fully integrate and utilize the educational resources of schools, families and society, coordinate the strength of families and communities while giving full play to the advantages of school education, form a joint educational force, give necessary and timely care and guidance to growing primary and secondary school students, and improve their quality of life and health.
Third, the goal of life health education.
4. The overall goal of life and health education is to plan the content sequence of compulsory education and life and health education in senior high school as a whole, to form a life and health education implementation system with complementary advantages and shared resources among schools, families and society, to guide students to know and feel the meaning and value of life, to master the necessary knowledge and skills to protect life and health, to enhance self-protection awareness, and to form an attitude of respecting life and caring for health, so as to respect and care for others.
5. 1-4 The educational goal of compulsory education: to help students get a preliminary understanding of life phenomena in nature, their own bodies, necessary knowledge of health care and safety, basic skills of self-care and self-help, basic awareness of being close to nature and cherishing resources, and to guide students to gradually develop good living habits and behavior habits, so as to promote their healthy growth.
6.5-6 years' education goal of compulsory education: to help students understand their own growth and development characteristics, understand the necessary knowledge of physical and mental health, guide students to advocate a healthy and safe lifestyle, have basic self-protection ability, know how to respect nature, care for the environment, cherish people's right to life and health, and be full of love and responsibility.
The purpose of compulsory education in grades 7.7-9 is to guide and help students understand the characteristics of physical and mental development in adolescence; Know yourself correctly and accept yourself; Cherish and respect the lives of yourself and others; Understand the importance of keeping healthy, and cultivate a healthy lifestyle and good habits; Learn to resist temptation, stay away from danger, guard against infringement, and gradually improve the awareness and ability of self-protection.
8. The educational objectives of senior high school are: to guide and help students to understand the characteristics of teenagers' sexual physiology and psychology, and to form a scientific view of sexual morality; Improve the ability to maintain life and health, enrich spiritual life and cope with disasters; Learn to use the law and other appropriate methods to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests; Master scientific psychological adjustment methods; Cherish life, cultivate a positive attitude towards life and a correct outlook on life, and strive to enhance the value of life.
Four, the main content of life and health education
9. To implement life health education, we should follow the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and educational laws, plan the content sequence of compulsory education and high school life health education as a whole, realize the organic connection of educational content in each period, step by step and spiral up, and implement it in all aspects of students' study, life and social practice.
Main contents of 10 grade and compulsory education 1-4 grade
(1) Have a preliminary understanding of life phenomena in nature and simple common sense of life; Knowing "where I come from", life is only once for everyone, so cherish life.
② Know your body, pay attention to your physical development, and have a preliminary gender awareness; Know your uniqueness, like yourself and have confidence in yourself.
③ Know how to love life and cherish time, and cultivate good study and living habits; Learn to face the difficulties and changes in life and learn to be strong.
(4) Understand the common sense of health care and develop good personal hygiene habits; Have a preliminary understanding of food hygiene and safety to prevent food poisoning; Pay attention to environmental hygiene; Exercise actively.
⑤ Understand the common infectious diseases in this age group and their prevention methods, and actively prevent diseases;
⑥ Understand the simple common sense of home safety and master the basic emergency help and self-help methods; Pay attention to safety in contact with strangers.
⑦ Know the common safety warning signs and the relevant safety evasion methods; Pay attention to safety in activities inside and outside the school and related production and labor.
Feel the importance of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, be close to nature, care for the environment and cherish resources; Understand common natural disasters and learn simple ways to deal with them.
1 1, the main content of compulsory education grades 5-6.
(1) Understand the common sense of physiology and health, and make necessary knowledge and psychological preparation for entering adolescence.
2 correctly face the difficulties and setbacks in life; Open-minded, cheerful, good friends and interesting groups.
③ Advocating a healthy and safe lifestyle and rejecting bad habits; Understand the dangers of drugs and stay away from drugs.
④ Pay attention to safety when interacting with strangers; Master the necessary self-protection skills and be brave in special circumstances.
⑤ Understand the interdependence between man and nature; Master the methods of survival and self-help in case of sudden disasters.
6. Know that the right to subsistence is the most basic right of human beings, and don't despise, trample on or destroy the lives of yourself and others; Know that the law protects citizens' lives and health from infringement, and learn to use the law to protect themselves.
⑦ Understand life phenomena such as birth, aging, illness and death, and learn to face the lack of life correctly; Understand and feel the pain of others, sympathize with and care for the weak, respect and provide them with help within their power.
⑧ Appreciate the kindness of parents and have a preliminary sense of family responsibility; Realizing that one's growth can't be separated from the care of the society, knowing how to study hard and serve the society is an important embodiment of the value of life.
12, main contents of compulsory education in grades 7-9
(1) Understand that life is rich and colorful, know the uniqueness of human life, cherish your own life, and respect and care for the lives of others.
⑵ Correctly understand the physiological and psychological characteristics of adolescence, master the knowledge of adolescent health care, understand the common psychological obstacles and diseases in adolescence, and learn scientific adjustment methods.
⑶ Understand the gender characteristics of men and women, learn the basic rules of heterosexual communication, and improve the self-protection ability against sexual assault. Understand contraceptive methods and the harm of induced abortion to body and mind.
(4) Know yourself correctly, accept yourself, and cultivate good character of self-esteem, self-confidence, self-reliance and self-improvement.
5. Correctly understand prosperity and adversity, understand that there must be setbacks in life, and improve the ability to bear setbacks.
[6] Understand the value and significance of health, master basic health knowledge, eat reasonably, exercise actively, understand the basic methods of self-care and disease prevention, and develop healthy behaviors.
Once, learn to choose a healthy and civilized lifestyle, refuse the temptation of alcohol, tobacco and "pornography and gambling", oppose superstition and stay away from cults.
(8) understand the harm of AIDS to individuals, families and society, correctly understand AIDS, and understand the methods and measures to prevent AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.
(9) Understand the basic knowledge of home safety, food safety, traffic safety and outdoor activities safety, and master the common emergency treatment methods of safety accidents.
⑽ Understand the common knowledge of local disasters, strengthen emergency training to deal with emergencies such as floods, mudslides, fires and earthquakes, learn to escape in an emergency, and improve self-help and self-protection ability.
⑾ Understand the complexity of society, learn to identify cheating, prevent being cheated and trafficked, and learn some methods to deal with emergencies such as extortion, robbery, kidnapping and intimidation.
⑿ Understand the threat of fake and shoddy products to personal safety and health, learn simple methods to identify fake and shoddy products, and refuse to buy fake and shoddy products.
[13] Knowing that the law has special protection for minors, learn to use the law to protect their right to life and health.
14. Understand that personal life belongs to oneself, family and society, understand the value and significance of personal life in collective and social life, and realize the value of life from daily trifles.
⒂ Understand that the earth is the home of human beings, understand the relationship between the ecological environment and human health, pay attention to the environmental and resource problems of families and communities, and know that being kind to the environment means being kind to yourself and choosing an environmentally friendly behavior.
13, the main content of high school.
① Understand the meaning of life and death, cultivate a positive attitude towards life and establish a correct outlook on life.
② Cultivate positive self-awareness and plan your own beautiful life.
③ Establish a correct view of love, abide by the moral and legal norms of heterosexual communication, correctly understand and learn to properly handle the emotional and emotional problems in sexual relations.
④ Maintain sexual mental health, learn to control sexual impulse, further improve self-protection ability against sexual assault, learn contraceptive methods, and understand methods and measures to prevent diseases.
⑤ Understand the relationship and influence of personal hygiene habits, nutrition, physical exercise, disease prevention and health care, environmental sanitation, mental health and safety measures on individual health, and gradually form the concept of being responsible for one's own life and health.
⑥ Understand the common sense of all kinds of major natural disasters, learn to avoid risks urgently, and improve the ability to cope with disasters.
⑦ Know the rights and obligations of individuals in marriage, family and social life, and gradually learn to fulfill their responsibilities.
⑧ Understand the protective effect of law on citizens' life and health, and use the law to protect their legitimate rights and interests.
Pet-name ruby set up ecological ethics, be kind to nature, and promote the harmonious development between man and nature.
Attending to correctly handle the contradictions in the process of further education and employment, meet the challenges of life with a positive attitude towards life, and strive to enhance the value of life.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) ways and means to carry out life and health education
14, integrate life and health education into the whole process of school education and teaching. The quality of students' life and health is closely related to their daily study and life, and to the equal and harmonious relationship between teachers and students. Life and health education should be integrated into students' daily education and teaching activities, especially combined with adolescent education, safety education, environmental education, anti-drug and AIDS prevention education, legal education and other special education. It is necessary to strengthen the coordination of various disciplines, pay attention to giving full play to the rich contents of life education, and provide lively life health education to students in a hierarchical, phased, timely and appropriate manner, so that course learning can become a process of students' thoughtful and intelligent life perception and healthy growth.
15, life and health education in various educational activities. We should actively organize young students to participate in various lively theme education activities, guide students to advocate a scientific and civilized lifestyle, consciously resist drugs, do not set foot in commercial Internet cafes, do not sing gray nursery rhymes, and do not participate in game activities that endanger physical and mental health; It is necessary to guide students to carry out life experience and survival and development training through class team activities, student club activities, social practice activities, etc., and master some simple safety precautions and self-help methods to avoid danger and injury. Various forms of activities should be taken, such as discussion, exchange, debate, lectures, visits, holding tabloids, etc. To improve students' interest and ability to participate in activities.
16. Build a campus culture that pays attention to life and health. The school is a place to teach and educate people. First of all, it is necessary to provide students with a safe and healthy environment. Based on the implementation of quality education, with the construction of excellent school spirit, teaching spirit and study style as the core, we should strengthen the construction of campus environment, strive to cultivate campus culture, establish and improve scientific management system, clean up and abolish rules and regulations aimed at card, pressure and punishment, provide democratic and independent management, carry out colorful campus cultural activities, and strive to form a good atmosphere of caring for life, cherishing health and paying attention to safety, so as to make life health care an important part of campus culture.
17. Build a mechanism for schools, families and society to jointly implement education. Education administrative departments at all levels and primary and secondary schools should earnestly shoulder the responsibility of guiding and promoting families to implement life and health education, help parents establish a correct view of parents and talents, popularize knowledge of moral cultivation, nutrition and health, physical exercise and psychological guidance, and improve parents' awareness and ability to implement life education; Give full play to the advantages of the community in life health education, guide the community to participate in life health education, solve some problems in the process of students' growth, resolve life confusion or crisis, and create a good environment for the life growth and healthy development of teenagers.
18. Optimize the ways and means of life and health education. Schools should flexibly choose the way of life and health education according to their own actual situation, and pay attention to the comprehensive use of various methods to enhance the effect of life and health education. Explore education and teaching methods suitable for students' age characteristics, advocate games and activities in primary schools, create a good atmosphere of care and respect, let students feel the value of life and health, and cultivate a cheerful, gregarious and independent healthy personality. Junior high school advocates focusing on activities and experiences, guiding students to overcome the troubles of adolescence and gradually adapt to various changes in life and society. Senior high schools focus on experiential and research-based learning, advocate the combination of in-class and out-of-class education and guidance, guide students to rationally analyze and deal with all kinds of puzzles and problems encountered in study, life, interpersonal communication, further education and employment, and cultivate a positive attitude towards life. We should make full use of modern information technology and update the methods and means of life education.
Six, the organization and implementation of life and health education
19. Strengthen the leadership and management of life and health education. Education administrative departments at all levels and primary and secondary schools should incorporate life and health education into their work plans, strengthen system construction, implement management responsibilities, and establish a long-term mechanism for life and health education; It is necessary to closely cooperate with the departments of culture, industry and commerce, press and publication, and concentrate on managing the surrounding environment of primary and secondary schools and purifying the campus cultural environment. Together with the Communist Youth League, the Women's Federation and the news media, we should actively create a good atmosphere in which the whole society cares about the healthy growth of teenagers. Actively explore the establishment of an evaluation system conducive to the implementation of life and health education, give full play to the diagnosis, guidance and development functions of evaluation, and ensure the smooth implementation of life and health education.
20, strengthen the construction of life and health education teachers. Teachers are the key to do a good job in life and health education. Schools should gradually establish a working mechanism of life health education under the leadership of principals, with class teachers and full-time and part-time life health teachers as the backbone and all teachers participating. Education administrative departments and primary and secondary schools should take life and health education teacher training as an important part of teachers' morality construction and professional training, and incorporate it into their work plans to improve teachers' awareness and implementation ability of life and health education through training.
Good teachers' morality is an important guarantee for the effectiveness of life and health education. Education administrative departments and schools at all levels should care about teachers' work, life and health, reduce their psychological pressure and improve their health. All teaching staff should establish the concept of educating people, care for students, set an example, be a teacher, and guide students to grow up healthily with noble sentiments. It is strictly forbidden for teachers to physically punish or abuse students, or to use abusive, sarcastic or sarcastic forms to hurt students' body and mind.
2 1. Strengthen the development and utilization of life and health education resources. Education administrative departments and schools at all levels should develop and utilize the rich life and health education resources inside and outside the school in many ways, and actively develop teaching resources such as graphic materials, teaching courseware and audio-visual products; Use social resources such as internet, movies, museums, libraries, natural and cultural landscapes, and patriotic education bases.
22, strengthen the life and health education and teaching research. Local education administrative departments should support teaching and research departments and teachers to actively carry out life and health education experiments in combination with their own work practice. Primary and secondary schools should focus on the problems and needs encountered in the process of students' growth, make clear the key points and difficulties of life and health education through school-based teaching and research activities, and use scientific methods to improve the quality of education. It is necessary to gradually establish a scientific research network of life health education in provinces, cities, counties and schools, and form theoretical and practical achievements with regional and school characteristics through subject research, so as to explore effective practical ways for implementing life health education.