A psychologically healthy student can face and accept the reality, actively adapt to and transform the reality, make an objective understanding and evaluation of the surrounding environment, and properly handle various difficulties in life and study. Studying students' psychological characteristics and helping them cultivate healthy and good psychological quality, only in this way can they successfully complete their studies, go to work and reach the other side of success and victory.
Keywords: mental health education in secondary vocational schools
First, the necessity of mental health education in secondary vocational schools
The age of technical secondary school students is generally 13-20 years old, which belongs to? Puberty? Stage, from enrollment to near internship, they have experienced many physiological and psychological changes. Overall analysis, they can be divided into three stages: adaptation stage, transformation stage and maturity stage. At different stages, their psychological and physical performances are different.
adaptive phase
At this stage, the head teacher should help students adapt to the living and learning environment of secondary vocational schools, adjust their mentality, establish confidence, cultivate good learning methods and habits in their studies, experience the joy of success and stimulate their interest in learning; Encourage students to constantly know themselves, develop their potential, accept themselves and improve themselves in their study and life; Help students understand the training goals, learning goals and life goals of their future careers and majors in professional courses and other activities, and cultivate their professional interests; Help students integrate into the collective and cultivate a sense of responsibility, obligation, honor and friendship in collective construction; Understand the sexual psychological phenomenon in adolescence, help students learn to control their emotions and treat heterosexual communication correctly.
(B) the transformation stage
At this stage, the head teacher should help students master effective learning methods and strategies and improve their thinking ability, innovation ability and operation ability; Guide students to understand their emotions, personality and ability characteristics, improve self-awareness, cultivate good professional awareness, understand society, pay attention to the relationship between reality and future career choice, and establish correct career ideals; Help students develop interpersonal skills and establish good relationships between classmates, teachers and students and parents; Help students understand the meaning of life, cherish life and constantly improve their personality.
(3) Mature stage
At this stage, the head teacher should help students prepare for employment, establish employment goals or the development direction of continuing learning; Guide students to get familiar with the society, experience the society and experience the profession through learning and various practical opportunities, and establish a correct view of career choice, career and entrepreneurship according to their own interests, abilities and personality characteristics, so as to cultivate innovative spirit and practical ability; It is very important to help students establish a sense of cooperation and competition, enhance their confidence in coping with professional challenges, improve their adaptability to life and society, learn to cope with pressure and setbacks, maintain a healthy and good attitude, study students' psychological characteristics, and help students cultivate healthy and good psychological quality. Only in this way can they successfully complete their studies and go to work, and then they can reach the other side of success and victory.
Second, how to carry out mental health education in secondary vocational schools
Offering mental health education courses
Schools should incorporate mental health education into the moral education system, and form a mental health education system with class teachers and mental health education teachers as the backbone and all teachers participating. Mental health education is included in the teaching plan. The school offers courses related to psychology and health education. Teachers take students as the main body in classroom teaching and use various teaching methods to make students complete behavior correction, personality remodeling and psychological adjustment in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere.
(two) equipped with professional institutions and personnel.
In order to ensure the scientificity, standardization and seriousness of mental health education, teachers with professional training should be selected as full-time psychological educators in schools, and class teachers and other teachers should be trained so that each teacher can become a part-time psychological educator. At the same time, the off-campus psychological education experts are hired as instructors to help technical secondary school students eliminate psychological barriers, develop their psychological potential, cultivate a sound personality, and let students know themselves correctly, accept themselves, develop themselves and make themselves better.
Psychological counseling.
In school, individual consultation and group consultation are conducted according to students' wishes, and the contents of each consultation are recorded, summarized and classified, and students' psychological files are established, which are input into computers for computer management. The class teacher should provide the relevant information of the students in time and record it in the file. According to the needs of work, he can borrow the students' files of this class under the premise of confidentiality, so that health education can better serve education and teaching.
Third, the problems existing in mental health education in secondary vocational schools.
(A) mental health education should be geared to all students.
All secondary vocational school students are the objects and participants of mental health education, and the school should take improving the mental health level and psychological quality of all students as the basic foothold and ultimate goal of school mental health education. The main task and focus of school mental health education is to improve the mental health level and psychological quality of all students. If only a few students are educated in mental health, their psychological problems will be solved, but the psychological development needs of the vast majority of students will not be met, the maintenance of mental health will be ignored, and new problems will continue to emerge.
(B) improper way of mental health education
Some schools understand mental health education as offering mental health courses, imparting mental health knowledge to students and requiring students to memorize, which not only does not promote students' physical and mental health, but makes students bear more physical and mental burdens; Some schools send students to medical institutions and give them mental health education, which causes great psychological pressure, negative influence, panic and depression. Some schools equate psychological problems caused by poor psychological adaptability with ideological problems and adopt ideological work methods such as persuasion and education. Education lacks discipline guidance and is limited to the teaching of psychological knowledge. It is believed that teaching students psychological knowledge can solve psychological problems, which ignores the ultimate goal of mental health education.
In a word, the purpose of mental health education is to cultivate students' sound psychological quality. A psychologically healthy student can face and accept the reality, actively adapt to and transform the reality, make an objective understanding and evaluation of the surrounding environment, and properly handle various difficulties in life and study. Studying students' psychological characteristics and helping them cultivate healthy and good psychological quality, only in this way can they successfully complete their studies, go to work and reach the other side of success and victory.
Therefore, one of the starting points of mental health education is to make students actively adapt to study, life, interpersonal communication and physical changes, so as to study, live and be a person and become well-adapted healthy people. Promote the positive development of students' psychological quality, cultivate and develop all students' sound psychological quality in a meaningful, purposeful and planned way, and achieve the ultimate goal of mental health education.
References:
[1] Zhang Dajun, Chen Xu, Analysis on the Integration Model of Mental Health Education, Education Research Press, published in 2002.
[2] Meng, General Psychology, Peking University Publishing House, 1988.
[3] Guo, the life development significance of quality education, Education Research Press, published in 2002.
[4] Huang Xiting, Psychology, Shanghai Education Press, 1997.
[5] Logis, Contemporary Youth Psychology, Hunan People's Publishing House, 1988.
[6], Zhang, College Students' Mental Health and Counseling, Peking University Publishing House, published in 2000.
[7] Sun Jieyuan, on the social development of students, Education Research Press, published in 2003.
[8] Lin Guirui, values education in school psychological counseling, Education Research Press, 200 1 published.
Understanding of mental health Part III: Understanding and thinking of students' moral education and mental health education.
Only by using scientific psychological education methods, strengthening students' moral education and mental health education, understanding each student's psychological status, getting students' psychological identity, and carrying out all-round and multi-channel moral education and mental health education, can we effectively safeguard students' mental health, cultivate students' healthy psychological quality and lay a good foundation for their healthy growth.
Keywords: moral education, mental health, psychological counseling
Today, with the rapid development of education reform, people put forward higher requirements for teachers. Teachers not only shoulder the heavy responsibility of moral education, but also are the transmitters and shapers of cultural knowledge. We should fully realize the importance of strengthening students' mental health education, and carry out mental health education by using scientific educational methods according to students' physical and mental development. Students are in an important period of physical and mental development, and their way of thinking and psychological endurance are quietly changing. Without correct and timely moral education and mental health education, psychological barriers will be formed over time, which will affect students' mental health.
one
In the teaching practice, we found that students have the following problems:
(1) Learning problems.
1. The students are tired of studying.
Students who are tired of learning lack interest in learning. They are often inattentive, look around in class, make small moves, or fight with other students, which affects classroom discipline. Listless, listless, sleeping in class; Or secretly fiddling with mobile phones, reading extracurricular books and playing with toys; Some often play truant or simply play truant, and so on. In view of the above situation, it is necessary to analyze specific problems, deeply understand the actual situation and treat them differently. We must not discriminate against or give up these students. We should start with students' moral education, stimulate their interest in learning, educate and encourage them to study hard, cultivate their lofty aspirations, and make them realize the important role of knowledge in their future growth. Timely counseling should be given to students who are lagging behind in their studies to help them rebuild their learning confidence.
2. Student study fatigue phenomenon.
There are many reasons for students' study fatigue, such as study environment, study duration, study tension, students' physical quality, students' emotional changes and so on. , these may cause students' study fatigue. In order to prevent and avoid study fatigue phenomenon, courses should be arranged reasonably and scientifically according to national curriculum standards and students' situation, and teachers should adopt flexible teaching methods to be intuitive and interesting.
The students are behind in their studies.
The backwardness of students' academic performance means that students' academic performance is often significantly lower than the general level of students of the same age. These students can't keep up with the normal learning progress and can't complete all the learning tasks assigned by their teachers. They are often criticized by teachers and reprimanded by their parents. Over time, they will feel inferior, rebellious, tired of learning and give up on themselves. In view of this situation, the effective way is to give students love, which is the basis for promoting students' growth. Look at students with loving eyes, encourage students with loving words, and face students with loving smiles, so as to cultivate students who are familiar with things. As long as we are full of love in our hearts, infect students with love, tolerate students, allow students to make mistakes, guide students with love education and lead them into the track of healthy growth, we will certainly achieve good results.
(2) the problem of interpersonal imbalance.
Nervous interpersonal relationships can make students nervous and depressed. The imbalance of students' interpersonal relationship includes the tense relationship with family, teachers and students, and classmates. Teachers should help students form a healthy psychology, improve their communicative competence, establish harmonious interpersonal relationships, and avoid the lack of friendship due to interpersonal tension.
(3) Psychological problems in adolescent development.
Some students are at a loss about the changes in their adolescence, and some students are confused about their physical and psychological changes, resulting in some psychological obstacles. As long as we pay a little attention, it is not difficult to find that the phenomenon of puppy love among students is increasing day by day, which is extremely unfavorable to the healthy growth of students. In view of these phenomena, teachers should carry out psychological health consultation and education in time, popularize adolescent knowledge, and educate students to communicate with students of the opposite sex normally.
(4) the problem of bad personality.
The common bad characters of students are extreme, narrow-minded, jealous, hostile, irritable, dependent, withdrawn, timid, inferior and neurotic. To correct students' bad personality, we need to create a harmonious environment, create a pleasant learning atmosphere for them, and conduct patient psychological consultation and communication with them to enhance students' understanding of healthy psychology and cultivate students' good psychological quality.
two
Students are the future and hope of the motherland, and teachers shoulder the heavy responsibility of educating and training builders and successors in the new era. Every teacher should treat students' mental health scientifically and bring mental health education into daily management. Adhere to psychological counseling for students, create a good learning environment and carry out colorful activities. Through these effective educational channels, do a good job in students' psychological education.
How to cultivate students' healthy psychological quality in daily education and teaching?
(A) give students more praise and care, less criticism and reprimand. Give more encouragement and praise to students, no matter who has made achievements in their work, they will be affirmed and praised, and their enthusiasm for work will be greatly improved. This is especially true for students. As long as they are affirmed and praised by teachers, their self-esteem will be greatly satisfied, and their enthusiasm for learning and participating in activities will naturally increase. Therefore, for students, teachers' sincere encouragement and care are often priceless, which can easily stimulate their desire for success and generate lasting positive motivation.
(2) Cultivate students' self-confidence. In daily life and study, students should be provided with opportunities for self-expression. People always live in a certain social environment, and any activity is the basis of students' life. The activity process is the process of students' inner potential and two-way objectification. Because people tend to unite with others, students are enthusiastic and express themselves in the process of communicating with others. For example. Cherish life and fear life? In the keynote speech contest, students actively participate in the contest and try their best to express themselves, with high interest and enthusiasm. Students enhance their self-confidence by showing themselves. Therefore, the most effective way to cultivate students' self-confidence is to organize students to participate in various meaningful activities so that they can fully display themselves.
(3) Let students often experience the joy of success in life and study. We should actively create conditions so that every student can enjoy the joy of success. So, how can students enjoy the joy of success? In Chinese teaching, students can be guided to master all aspects of knowledge points in the article through learning and cognition, solve problems encountered in reading, and grasp details to inspire and infect students, so that students can sum up and experience the shock of artistic power to their hearts and experience the joy of success after solving practical problems with their own abilities.
(D) Attention should be paid to changing students' bad psychological state. If students are found to have bad psychological tendencies, they should be corrected and guided in time. For example, some students are jealous, some are too suspicious, some feel inferior, and so on. When these unhealthy psychological problems are found, we should correct them in time and guide students to overcome them in various ways. Reasonable and meticulous, I believe that students will take the initiative to change.
(5) We should go into students' inner world, observe their words and deeds with keen and meticulous eyes, and timely communicate and guide individual students with psychological problems or psychological obstacles seriously and patiently, so as to suit the remedy to the case. Through friends' heart-to-heart talks, targeted combing and guidance can help analyze interests, reduce students' psychological pressure and burden, and achieve the purpose of lifting psychological barriers. Coordination through subtle ways and unremitting efforts is not only an effective way to solve psychological problems, but also an important way to guide students to solve psychological problems and improve their psychological quality. With an approachable attitude, sharing weal and woe with them, and taking a sincere and kind heart as a demonstration and guidance, students' healthy psychology will be gradually cultivated.
To sum up, only when teachers understand the psychological status of each student, get their psychological recognition and give them all-round and multi-channel mental health education can they talk about using flexible and effective methods to guide students, effectively safeguard their mental health, cultivate their healthy psychological quality and lay a good and solid foundation for their healthy growth.
References:
[1] Mental health education in primary and secondary schools. Beijing Science Popularization Press.
[2] Theory and practice of moral education in primary and secondary schools. Hefei University of Technology Press.
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