I. Development of Import Parks and Domestic Markets
In order to standardize the development of renewable resources industry, improve the management system and strengthen environmental protection, in September 2002, the Pollution Control Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection (formerly the State Environmental Protection Administration) held a symposium on renewable resources processing parks in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, and extensively discussed hot issues such as development direction and park mode. The meeting held that in order to guide the construction of processing parks, environmental protection guidance for processing parks with imported renewable resources should be formulated as soon as possible. Entrusted by the Pollution Control Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Renewable Metals Branch of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association completed the drafting of the Guiding Opinions on the Import of Renewable Resources Processing Parks in early 2003. On this basis, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Management of Waste Hardware and Electrical Appliances, Waste Wires and Cables and Waste Motors that can be used as raw materials (Draft for Comment). In 2005, the Technical Specification for Environmental Protection of Centralized Dismantling, Utilization and Disposal Area of Waste Mechanical and Electrical Products was officially issued.
The existing renewable resources processing parks in China include Zhenhai in Ningbo, Taicang in Jiangsu, Zhangzhou in Fujian, Taizhou in Zhejiang and Ziya in Tianjin. The Ministry of Environmental Protection approved the development and construction of renewable resource processing parks in Wen 'an, Jiangmen, Zhaoqing and Meizhou in Hebei, Yantai in Shandong, Wuzhou in Guangxi, Yulin in Jiangxi and yingtan in Jiangxi, and approved the construction of a pilot park for dismantling discarded automobile parts in Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu. In addition to the above-mentioned state-approved parks, the construction of parks in Qingyuan, Guangdong, Shenyang, Liaoning and Dacheng, Hebei has also begun to take shape. At present, the scrap metal processed in China's imported renewable resource processing parks accounts for more than 50% of the total imported scrap metal. China has built 15 processing parks for imported renewable resources, all of which are planned and constructed with high standards and a high starting point, which greatly facilitates management and resource gathering and enhances the image of China's renewable metal industry.
In 2003, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued a document confirming that Ningbo Renewable Resources Processing Park in Zhejiang Province was a pilot park, while Ziya Park in Tianjin and Zhaoqing Park in Guangdong Province were "circle management" parks. In 2007, Yantai, Zhaoqing in Guangdong and Wen 'an in Hebei also passed the acceptance of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
With the rapid development of China's economy, scrap steel, waste nonferrous metals, waste plastics, waste paper and other waste materials trading markets have mushroomed in China. There have been waste materials trading markets such as Baoding in Hebei, Yongkang in Zhejiang, Miluo in Hunan, Linyi in Shandong, Xinjin in Sichuan, Changge in Henan, Nanhai in Guangdong and Chongqing. In addition, the construction and development of some specialized parks, such as recycled lead in Jieshou, Anhui, recycled aluminum in Fengcheng, Jiangxi, precious metals in Yongxing, Hunan, and recycled copper market in Guixi, Jiangxi, are also accelerating.
In order to standardize the development of waste materials recycling market, the Ministry of Commerce issued the Measures for the Administration of Renewable Resources, and carried out the pilot work of recycling system construction in 26 cities across the country. In the Circular Economy Promotion Law, the state clearly stipulates that "the state encourages and promotes the construction of waste recycling system". In 2009, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Finance issued the Notice on Accelerating the Construction of Renewable Resources Recovery System, and 29 cities and 1 1 trading markets have been used as the second batch of pilot projects for the construction of renewable resources recovery system.
Second, the problems faced by the development of parks and markets
(A lack of effective policy support. The original intention of building the park is to concentrate the fixed-point processing enterprises scattered all over the country in the park for convenient management. At present, apart from the number and import volume of designated enterprises in the pilot parks that have passed the acceptance, the state lacks more support policies for renewable resource processing parks. In addition, the country lacks clear guidelines and policies to regulate the development of the waste recycling trading market.
(2) There is a lack of unified planning for processing parks and trading markets. At present, except for the approved 15 renewable resource processing park, many places are blindly investing in the construction of new processing parks. Too many processing parks and trading markets lack scientific planning, which leads to disorderly competition of resources and waste of investment, which is not conducive to the healthy development of processing parks and trading markets.
(3) The park lacks effective supervision and management. In addition to setting up management committees in individual parks and markets, customs, quality inspection and environmental protection supervision areas are set up for closed management. There are still quite a few parks that have not set up corresponding management institutions, or even closed management, which leads to chaotic management, free trade and illegal trading of imported wastes. Although there are centralized sewage treatment facilities in the park, some of them are not running at all.
(4) The level of technical equipment is relatively backward. The recycling industry of renewable resources is a labor-intensive industry. Except for a small amount of mechanical equipment, the dismantling of scrap metal by enterprises in the park is basically manual operation, which has high labor intensity, poor environmental protection and low work efficiency, which is not conducive to industrial scale.
(5) There is no circular industrial chain from recycling, dismantling to deep processing. At present, the renewable resource processing park has not yet formed an industrial chain from recycling, dismantling to deep processing. The development of parks cannot be sustainable only by demolition. According to the requirements of the country to develop circular economy, the upstream and downstream industrial chains of the park should be gradually developed.
(six) the recycling market management is not standardized. With the development of socialist market economy in China, the recycling industry of renewable resources has undergone fundamental changes. During the planned economy period, the monopoly of the original materials department and the supply and marketing cooperative system was broken, and individual and private recycling enterprises flourished. Non-public enterprises have become the main body of renewable resources recycling industry. At present, the domestic waste material recycling market lacks effective management and guidance, with disorderly operation, backward technology and poor environmental conditions.
Third, policy recommendations.
(a) the establishment of relevant government departments to coordinate the work mechanism.
The renewable resources industry involves many administrative departments, so it is suggested that the departments of land, environmental protection, industry and commerce, finance and taxation, finance, quality inspection and customs should pay close attention to it. At the same time, give full play to the role of trade associations as bridges and ties, give them corresponding responsibilities, and actively promote the development of industry norms.
(two) the construction of processing parks and trading markets with high standards and high starting point.
The construction of processing parks and trading markets should have a high standard and a high starting point. All localities should strictly check and accept the imported renewable resources processing parks in accordance with the "Technical Specifications" formulated by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. The trading market should be constructed and accepted in strict accordance with the guidance of the Ministry of Commerce. The setting of the market should conform to the overall urban planning and environmental protection, and facilitate the transportation of wastes. The market should have the functions of distribution, primary processing, trading and information release at the same time.
(3) Increase investment in scientific research in parks and markets, and accelerate technological innovation.
Focus on major key technologies and market development in the park, increase support for scientific and technological research and development, and give financial subsidies for scientific and technological innovation and the introduction of advanced technology and equipment; Strengthen the capacity building of technological innovation, establish an industrial technological innovation alliance with enterprises as the main body, promote the "Industry-University-Research" alliance, and promote the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements of recycled metals. At the same time, speed up the establishment of a demonstration base for recycled metal science and technology, making it a test base for new technologies and equipment.
(4) Strengthening supervision and environmental governance.
Through standardized management of parks and markets, unified recycling and dismantling of renewable resources and centralized treatment of pollutants can effectively prevent secondary pollution; At the same time, give play to the industrial agglomeration effect, promote the continuous expansion of the processing and utilization scale of renewable resources and the extension of the industrial chain, and transform and upgrade the park and market with the concept of circular economy.
(five) to promote the construction of demonstration projects and give play to the leading role of demonstration projects.
Continue to increase national debt to support a number of influential and dynamic renewable resource processing parks and circular economy demonstration projects in the domestic waste trading market, and promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.
(six) the processing park and the trading market cooperate with each other to establish a supply and marketing mechanism.
With the rapid development of China's economy, more and more scrap metal will be produced in China, so the raw material sources of renewable resources processing park should open up both foreign and domestic markets; The processing park and the trading market should cooperate with each other and establish a supply and marketing mechanism. The trading market will directly send a large number of renewable resources recovered in China to the processing park for dismantling and deep processing, reduce intermediate links and avoid flowing into individual dismantling households.
(seven) the establishment of renewable resources recycling information statistics system.
Accelerate the establishment of evaluation indicators and statistical systems for the production and operation of renewable resources recovery, and incorporate the statistics of renewable resources industries into the national statistical system. Grasp the operation status of renewable resources industry in real time, analyze the existing problems, provide scientific decision-making basis for the management of renewable resources industry, and further improve the overall level of renewable resources industry.
(8) Give full play to the role of trade associations.
Trade associations are the bridge and link between enterprises and the government, which can timely reflect the industry situation and enterprise demands, actively provide services for enterprises and the government, and guide enterprises to implement national industrial policies. Give full play to the role of trade associations in information statistics, professional training, promotion of advanced technology and equipment, industry self-discipline and maintenance of market order, and improve the overall quality of renewable resources industry.
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