Is there any scientific basis for the statement that "there must be a great epidemic after a great disaster"? What is the core of post-disaster epidemic prevention? How do ordinary people "save themselves"? The reporter connected with disease control experts with post-disaster epidemic prevention experience to answer questions.
Heavy rains and floods caused many groups in Henan to go to the local area to guide epidemic prevention.
/kloc-since July 0/7, a rainstorm in Zhengzhou has triggered the whole country. Urban waterlogging and subway outage, according to the latest news from Zhengzhou letter, floods and secondary disasters caused by heavy rain have caused 5 1 person's death, and 395,989 people have been urgently transferred and resettled. A few days ago, the waterlogging in Zhengzhou receded, but the rain continued, Xinxiang, Weihui and many other places.
On July 22, the Health Emergency Office of the Health and Health Commission released a message. Lei, deputy director of the Health and Wellness Committee, led a team, and a working group composed of experts in health and epidemic prevention, mental health and community health rushed to Henan to support and guide local governments to carry out emergency medical rescue, carry out disaster risk investigation in health institutions, ensure the normal order of diagnosis and treatment, strengthen psychological counseling, and do a good job in post-disaster health and epidemic prevention.
According to the official news of Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the center recently held a conference on disaster relief and disease prevention, and proposed to guide the province to do a good job in dealing with intestinal infectious diseases, respiratory infectious diseases and natural infectious diseases. Including strengthening the safety monitoring of drinking water, environment and food, improving disease monitoring, doing a good job in the prevention of key areas, key populations and key diseases, and improving the reserve of drugs and reagents. Many departments attended the meeting, involving infectious diseases, immunization programs, parasitic diseases, public health, disinfection, first aid and so on.
Question 1: Is there a scientific basis for "there must be a great epidemic after a great disaster"?
As the saying goes, "after a major disaster, there will be a major epidemic", which is not empty talk.
According to "Guidelines for Health Emergency Work of Natural Disasters (Trial)" (hereinafter referred to as "Guidelines"), natural disasters are often accompanied by a large number of injuries or even deaths, the demand for health in disaster areas increases, there are hidden dangers in drinking water and food safety, the vectors and host animals of infectious diseases change, people's living conditions deteriorate, and regional personnel activities are frequent. These changes may lead to the outbreak and prevalence of some infectious diseases after the disaster. The outbreak of infectious diseases even greatly exceeded the initial disaster.
Dou Xiangfeng, director of the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, participated in the prevention and control of the epidemic situation after the "July 21"rainstorm. He introduced that floods have caused cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, hepatitis A and E in history. After the flood of 1998, a large-scale cholera epidemic occurred in western Bangladesh, 16000 people. However, the timely intervention of health and epidemic prevention will help reduce the risk of epidemic situation.
Question 2: What are the epidemic prevention challenges brought by floods?
Different natural disasters may have different public health impacts.
The guide evaluates the impact of natural disasters such as floods, waterlogging, landslides/mudslides, among which floods are more likely to cause casualties and more serious regionalization of sanitation facilities. Due to the serious water supply system, food shortage, large flow of people, the increase of stagnant water area and the expansion of breeding grounds for mosquitoes and other vector insects, both of them have potential threats of infectious diseases, including intestinal infectious diseases, animal-borne diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases.
Dou Xiangfeng introduced that in floods, water sources and food are easily polluted. In the harsh environment of lack of water and electricity, human immunity is reduced and intestinal diseases such as diarrhea are more likely to occur. After the habitat is flooded, the distribution and quantity of some host animals have changed, and some animal-borne infectious diseases may spread to humans. Mosquitoes and flies are easy to multiply in a short time, while flies can spread intestinal infectious diseases. Mosquitoes are vectors of diseases such as dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis.
In addition, the rural and urban environments are different, and the situation will be different. Zhengzhou is an urban environment, and Xinxiang is mostly farmland and wilderness. When the flood recedes and farmers return to work, they have a wide range of activities, and more attention should be paid to the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases.
Question 3: How to prevent disasters?
In different stages of disasters, epidemic prevention work has different priorities.
In the pre-disaster emergency preparation period, all localities should identify the health risks of major natural disasters in the region, collect and accumulate relevant basic data, improve the public health emergency plan, natural disaster health emergency plan and other institutional documents, and make good preparations for natural disaster health emergency technology, personnel and materials.
In the disaster emergency response period after the disaster, the main task is to carry out early-stage on-site emergency rescue, at the same time carry out public health risk assessment, restore the reporting system of infectious diseases in the disaster area and early warning of major infectious diseases in the disaster area, and make good preparations for public health emergency work at the disaster site. As the residents in the disaster area gradually get out of danger, they gradually enter the temporary centralized resettlement area to live. At this time, the public health emergency work in the disaster area will focus on disease prevention and control and health and epidemic prevention, including continuous public health risk assessment, disease prevention and control, public health risk source control and public health service recovery.
Dou Xiangfeng said that emergency rescue will involve disease prevention and control, and then water source investigation, disinfection, disease monitoring and resettlement site evaluation will be carried out in the disaster area. Compared with daily work, the post-disaster epidemic prevention work is stronger, and the epidemic situation monitoring has changed from passive monitoring to active monitoring. It will also enter the grassroots to investigate whether residents have corresponding symptoms of infectious diseases. After the "July 21"rainstorm, disease control personnel quickly checked the safety of Fangshan self-prepared wells and other water sources, and carried out epidemic monitoring and disposal.
When the response to public health emergencies in disaster areas is over and the post-disaster assessment summary period is entered, the local authorities should sum up the experience and lessons, evaluate the response effect of public health emergencies in disaster areas, and put forward suggestions for improving the response to public health emergencies in specific disasters and natural disasters in specific regions.
Question 4: What are the difficulties in post-disaster epidemic prevention?
After the rainstorm, Zhengzhou hydropower was hit hard, and a large number of citizens found it impossible to get on the bus. On the afternoon of July 22, a staff member of the Henan Provincial Health and Wellness Committee told the reporter that the mobile phone could no longer talk. The Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention also experienced water leakage and untimely power supply.
Dou Xiangfeng said that infrastructure damage after the disaster will affect the scope of activities, and network interruption will bring difficulties to statistics and reporting data. At that time, the network reporting system of infectious diseases was paralyzed, and the overall situation could only be reported by satellite. Testing equipment that needs to be operated by electricity will also be affected, but now many disease control institutions are equipped with mobile testing vehicles, which can connect electricity or generate electricity by themselves in case of emergency.
Question 5: How should people "save themselves"?
Recently, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention issued a public health flood control proposal.
After the flood, the area is prone to food and drinking water safety problems. If tap water can be used, put it for at least 3 minutes before drinking and boil it 1 minute. Don't drink the flooded well water in a hurry, and don't use it to wash vegetables. Before reuse, it should be treated and eaten, and then boiled for drinking. Discard foods that have been in direct contact with floods and foods whose characteristics and smells have changed.
After the flood, it is necessary to dredge flooded villages, waterlogged villages and flooded villages in time, trim toilets and barns, trim yards, fill potholes, and remove outdoor perishable animals and plants. Animals should be buried deep and the soil layer should be compacted. Mosquitoes, flies and rats should be controlled by installing screen windows and screen doors, and manually catching and killing drugs. , should be piled up, and keep clear of in time.
Before going home, check the structural damage of the house; Ventilate the room in advance and check whether the power cord is loose or leaking; Don't enter the flooded basement, there is a danger of electric shock; The house needs to be thoroughly cleaned before moving in.
All the accumulated water in the house should be removed as soon as possible. If there are petroleum substances on the surface of stagnant water, it needs professionals to remove them before it can be removed. Thoroughly clean walls, household facilities, floors, furniture, etc. Clean all soft fabrics, including bedding, clothes, children's toys, etc. And dissolve household detergent in hot water for disinfection; If the porous materials at home are soaked in the flood for more than 48 hours, it is difficult to clean them thoroughly, so it is recommended to discard them. Common porous substances are carpets, wallpaper, clothes, leather, wood products, food raw materials and so on. After the house is cleaned, fans, air conditioners, etc. It can be used to speed up air drying and reduce the health risks caused by bacterial growth.
Reporter Dai Xuan
Editor Wang Jingxi proofreading
The above is about the four-year epidemic and the last two years after the disaster, and it is about the sharing of public health. I saw the talk about the epidemic in Ceng Shiqiang before the disaster, and I hope it will help everyone!