Article 1: No serious illness, stable minor illness.
"No serious illness" means that the heart, brain, kidney and other important organs degenerate with age, but they have not caused abnormal functions, and they have not suffered from malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (such as myocardial infarction and stroke). "Minor illness stability" means that some related high-risk factors can be controlled within the standard range suitable for this age group. For example, although there are hypertension and diabetes, it can be controlled within a reasonable range by taking medicine and changing lifestyle, and will not cause complications such as heart and kidney. The related high-risk factors of the elderly refer to the related risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Specific data of the control objectives of these risk factors are given in the standard:
1. BP. People without high blood pressure
2. Glycosylated hemoglobin. Non-diabetes: 5.0% ~ 6.5%; Diabetes without complications: 6.0% ~ 7.0%.
3. blood lipids. Total blood cholesterol is 3. 1 ~ 6.2 mmol/L, low density lipoprotein cholesterol is 1.8 ~ 3.9 mmol/L, high density lipoprotein cholesterol is >: 1.0 mmol/L, and triglyceride is 0.8 ~ 2.3 mmol/L. ..
Article 2: Normal intelligence
Cognitive changes are very important to the health of the elderly. Self-satisfaction or self-evaluation is a relatively new concept in the world. With the help of family members, the elderly can make a simple assessment with MMSE. The score of each question is 1, with a full score of 30. Older people with a junior high school education level of ≥27 are classified as normal, and older people with a education level of ≥25 are classified as normal. The specific questions are as follows:
1. What year is this? 2. What season is it now? 3.what's the date today? 4. What day is it today? 5. What month is it now? 6. Which country are you in now? 7. Which province (city)? 8. What is the specific address? 9. What floor do you live on now? 10. What is this place? 1 1. Repeat: Look. 12. I repeat: pen. 13. Repeat: glasses. 14. 100 minus 7? How much is 15.93 minus 7? How much is 16.86 minus 7? How much is 17.79 minus 7? How much is 18.72 minus 7? 19 ~ 2 1. Think back to the three objects just repeated. 22. Show the old man his hat and ask him to name the object. 23. Show the towel to the old man and let him name the object. 24. Repeat: If, and but. Write "close your eyes" on the card for the old man to read. 26. Let the old man hold the paper in his right hand. 27. Let the old man fold the paper in half. 28. Let the old man put the paper on his left leg. 29. Write a complete sentence. 30. Draw according to the sample, as shown below.
Note: for the question 1 1 ~ 13, the elderly should say three things in succession; Question 26-28, it is necessary to make three action instructions in succession. For hemiplegic patients, the conductor can be the healthy hand; Question 29: Only when the subject, predicate and object of the sentence are complete can you score; Question 30: The figure drawn by the patient has the correct spatial relationship, that is, two pentagons cross and form a quadrilateral in the middle to score points.
Article 3: Mental health
The elderly should fully realize their physical strength, mental state and social participation potential in the whole life process. Even very old people can contribute to their families, society and country, and increase their sense of happiness and belonging. Such as cooking, cleaning and so on. , contribute to the family, is the performance of mental health.
The mental state of the elderly can be evaluated by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). * * * 15, total score 15. < 5 normal.
Specific topic: 1. Are you basically satisfied with your life? (65438+ no answer 0); 2. Did you lose a lot of activities or interests? (The answer is1); 3. Do you feel that life is empty? (The answer is1); 4. Do you often feel bored? (The answer is1); 5. Are you energetic most of the time? (65438+ no answer 0); 6. Are you afraid that something bad will happen to you? (The answer is1); 7. Are you happy most of the time? (65438+ no answer 0); 8. Do you often feel helpless? (The answer is1); 9. Would you rather stay at home than go out and do something new? (The answer is1); 10. Do you think there are any outstanding memory problems? (The answer is1); 1 1. Do you think your current life is wonderful? (65438+ no answer 0); 12. Do you think your present lifestyle is worthless? (The answer is1); 13. Are you energetic? (65438+ no answer 0); 14. Do you think your situation is hopeless? (The answer is1); 15. Do you think most people are better than you? (The answer is 1).
Article 4: Life can take care of itself.
It is very important to assess the mobility of the elderly. Whether the basic life can be maintained can be evaluated by the Daily Activity Scale for the Elderly (ADL). See the table on the left 1. It is normal for the elderly to reach 100, and it is normal for the elderly to reach 95.
Article 5: Have a good lifestyle.
A good and regular lifestyle is the foundation of the health of the elderly, so we should have regular daily life, moderate diet, don't act rashly, be calm, quit smoking and drinking, and be careful about drinking. Mainly measured from five aspects.
1. Diet therapy. Make sure to consume 1 kg of fruits and vegetables, 1 egg, not less than 1 200ml of water, 2 ounces of oil and not more than 6g of salt (equivalent to1beer bottle cap) every day. 2. Quit smoking. Studies have shown that lung function began to improve after quitting smoking for 3 months, and the risk of heart attack decreased by 50% after 1 year. 3. Exercise. The elderly can choose brisk walking, swimming, dancing, cycling and other aerobic exercises according to their own conditions. 3 ~ 5 times a week, the amount of exercise should reach the standard of heart rate 120 times/minute, and the body is slightly sweating. 4. Be careful with the wine. Moderate drinking is good for health. The specific standard is alcohol ≤25g/ day, which is approximately equal to beer ≤ 750ml, wine ≤ 250ml and high-concentration liquor ≤ 50ml. Patients with hypertension had better give up drinking. 5. Mental health. What healthy old people should do: study hard and understand fashion; Do more housework, ingenuity; Friends get together and attend more; When encountering difficulties, take the initiative to seek help; Help others and be happy.
If you can meet the above five standards, congratulations, you are a healthy old man. If you are not old enough, start now and set a goal to become a healthy old man in the future.
Health knowledge of the elderly: bad performance
First of all, the way you walk is strange.
Have you noticed that parents have been walking slowly recently, or it is not easy to walk in a straight line? Gait abnormality is a kind of senile syndrome, and it is also one of the risk factors for the elderly to fall easily. There is a simple "standing and walking test" that can help you judge whether your parents' gait is normal. 1. Let parents sit in the chair first, and then stand up without anything. Go 3 meters ahead, turn around, and then go back to the chair and sit down. People who can run in less than 20 seconds have basically no problem with their gait; If it exceeds 40 seconds, it means there is a problem and you need to go to the hospital for further evaluation.
Second, I have been rubbing my eyes recently.
Old people are sometimes not good at expression, and rubbing their eyes often may mean that their eyes are uncomfortable for a long time. There are many kinds of eye diseases that affect the eyesight of the elderly. The most common diseases are presbyopia, cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and dry eye. Pay attention to parents' daily behavior. If the following situations occur, you should go to the hospital for examination in time: 1, often complaining of sore eyes, difficulty in reading, and frequent rubbing of eyes; 2. I used to love reading newspapers, but now I don't read them slowly; 3, because the field of vision is limited, often hit the door or the corner of the table; 4. the toilet is not allowed, and the number of peeing outside is increasing.
Third, how many times do you fall a month?
At least13 of the elderly fall every year, among which "falling phobia" is even more worrying. In this way, their steps will become smaller, or they will be stiff when they need to turn, fearing that they will fall down if they move too much; More seriously, you will be afraid of getting up, walking and going out, which will affect your mood. Therefore, if the elderly often fall, they should go to the hospital in time to help them correct their fears. There are many reasons for the elderly to fall, and the most common one is osteoarthropathy caused by osteoporosis. In addition, compared with older men, women are more likely to suffer from osteoarthropathy, especially falls, fractures and even disabilities. Therefore, it is suggested that postmenopausal women can properly supplement calcium tablets and vitamin D, which can enhance muscle strength and reduce the chance of fracture due to falls.
Fourth, become silent and don't like to talk.
You may find that your father has become reticent, sometimes sitting quietly watching everyone, and occasionally being irritable, thinking that everyone is talking about him behind his back. The old man's sudden silence may be influenced by his mood, but he should be more alert to hearing loss. Although hearing impairment will not shorten the average life expectancy, it will greatly affect the quality of life. When you meet an elder who is a little hard of hearing, your tone should be as low as possible. Don't speak too fast. It's best to communicate with your elders face to face and use some gestures and expressions to help them understand, instead of shouting. Zhuang Ping suggested that it is best to have physical contact when talking to the elderly, which can make him feel safe.
Fifth, become thinner.
If you find that your parents are getting thinner recently, you must pay attention to it. If there are no other chronic diseases after going to the hospital for examination, parents must be urged to do more physical exercise, otherwise they will enter the "weak" old age ahead of time. Old people with joint problems should do what they can, do warm-up and stretching exercises before and after exercise to avoid sports injuries. There are several criteria to judge whether parents are "weak": 1, weight loss of 5% within one year; 2. The muscle grip strength becomes worse; 3. Slow action; 4. physical activity is reduced.
Six, often forget the east and forget the west
Did you find that parents wear out shoes on one foot and indoor slippers on the other at home? Or forget to turn off the gas after boiling water ... These situations appear more and more frequently and need to be vigilant. Old people often forget things, which may be a normal memory decline or a precursor to cognitive impairment. Parents can be given a quiz: say three completely irrelevant nouns, such as red, happiness and bicycle, so that parents can remember them. Ask how much they remember in a few minutes. If they can't remember two of the three, it proves that there are risks and they should take their parents to the hospital for examination.