According to the guidelines, 0 ~ 6 years old is the key period of children's vision development, and adolescence is the fastest stage of eye refraction change. Eye care and vision examination should be done well to protect and promote the normal development of children's visual function. It is suggested that/kloc-children under 0/2 years old, especially those who have undergone optometry for the first time, or those who have hyperopia, strabismus, amblyopia and large astigmatism, should undergo optometry for ciliary muscle paralysis, and those who need glasses for myopia should review optometry regularly.
In addition, for primary and secondary school students, it is necessary to establish a regular screening system for primary and secondary school students' eyesight and carry out poor eyesight inspection. Screening frequency should be no less than 2 times per academic year. The contents include naked eye vision, vision with glasses (such as wearing glasses), refractive examination under non-ciliary muscle paralysis, assessment of influencing factors of vision health, encouragement of increasing axial length and corneal curvature measurement in conditional areas; In areas unconditionally equipped with computer optometry, continuous lens examination can be used to determine myopia.
It is necessary to do a good job in vision screening for children and adolescents in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, and provide professional technical services and guidance. The screening unit should feed back the screening results within 1 month after the screening, and put forward guidance or referral suggestions for accurate prevention of myopia. At the same time, the examination results should be fed back to the school within 1 month, including the examination time, the number of examinees, the incidence of poor eyesight in different grades and classes, and the screening of myopia, and compared with the examination results of the previous year.
The Guide clearly points out that children aged 0-6 and primary and secondary school students should have regular eye examinations, standardize the examination contents, and establish visual health files for children and adolescents. Conditional areas can increase eye shape, eye position, eye movement and refractive development according to the situation. Primary schools should receive the annual "Children's and Adolescents' Vision Inspection Record Form" and other vision health files handed over by medical and health institutions, so as to ensure that one file is handed over in real time with the change of school status and connected with the vision inspection of primary and secondary school students.
The Guide suggests that individuals, families and schools should actively cultivate the consciousness that "everyone is the first responsible person for their own health" and actively learn and master eye health knowledge and skills; Parents and guardians should understand the knowledge of scientific eye use and eye protection, set an example, strengthen outdoor activities and physical exercise, and reduce the academic burden of students; Cultivate and urge children and adolescents to develop good eye hygiene habits and let them establish eye protection behavior in their favorite eyes.
In addition, families, schools, medical and health institutions, relevant government departments, media and other social groups should take the initiative to participate in creating a visually friendly environment. According to the relevant national policies and standards, families and schools reduce the burden of students' homework and off-campus training, improve lighting conditions, and equip desks and chairs suitable for children and adolescents. At the same time, schools, families and communities are working together to reduce children's long-term continuous close work, and various measures are taken to provide relevant conditions for children and adolescents and urge them to carry out outdoor activities.
? The Guide points out that the monitoring and evaluation of vision health can timely understand the distribution characteristics and changing trends of students' poor eyesight and myopia, identify high-risk groups and high-risk factors, and provide data basis for formulating and evaluating myopia prevention and control measures. Through myopia screening and monitoring, children and adolescents are managed at different levels and corrected scientifically.
1. For students with normal vision, but with high-risk factors of myopia or insufficient hyperopia reserve, it is suggested that they change their high-risk behaviors, cooperate with schools, families and communities, increase outdoor activities during the day through various channels, reduce myopia behaviors and improve the visual environment.
2. For those with insufficient hyperopia reserve or decreased naked eye vision, the visual function may be abnormal. It is suggested to go to medical institutions for refractive examination such as medical optometry, make a clear diagnosis and take timely measures to correct it.
3. Wearing frame glasses is the first choice to correct ametropia. Parents are advised to go to a medical institution to choose glasses with appropriate degrees for their children according to the requirements of a doctor or optometrist, and follow the doctor's advice. For those with normal glasses vision, preschool children should go to medical institutions to check their naked vision and glasses vision every 3 months or half a year, and primary and secondary school students should go to medical institutions to check once every 6 ~ 65438+2 months. If their eyesight drops after wearing glasses, it is necessary to determine whether they need to change glasses under the guidance of a doctor.
4. Give full play to the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents, formulate and implement a comprehensive correction plan combining traditional Chinese and western medicine, and promote the application of characteristic technologies and methods of traditional Chinese medicine.