Motor system: the generalized motor system consists of central nervous system, peripheral nerves and neuromuscular joints; Skeletal muscle; Cardiopulmonary and metabolic support system. In a narrow sense, the motor system consists of three organs: bone, osseointegration and skeletal muscle. Main exercise function, support function (forming human body shape, supporting weight and internal organs, maintaining body posture) and protection function.
Digestive system: It consists of digestive tract and digestive glands. The digestive tract includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. There are two kinds of digestive glands: small digestive glands and large digestive glands. The basic physiological function of the digestive system is to ingest, transport, digest food, absorb nutrients and excrete waste.
Nervous system: the dominant system in the body, which is divided into two parts: central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Its main function is 1. The nervous system regulates and controls the functional activities of other systems, making the body a complete unity.
The nervous system adapts the body to the ever-changing external environment and maintains the balance between the body and the external environment by regulating the functional activities of the body. 3. In the long-term evolution and development of human beings, the nervous system, especially the cerebral cortex, has been highly developed, resulting in language and thinking. Humans can not only passively adapt to the changes in the external environment, but also actively understand and transform the objective world, so that nature can serve mankind. This is the most important feature of the human nervous system.
Endocrine system is an important regulatory system of the body, which complements the nervous system, regulates the growth, development and various metabolism of the body, maintains the stability of the internal environment, affects behavior and controls reproduction. The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands and endocrine cells distributed in other organs.
Urinary system: It consists of kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. Its main function is excretion. Excretion refers to the physiological process in which various substances that are not utilized or harmful to the body are transported to the outside world during the metabolism of the body. Part of the discharged substances are metabolites of nutrients; The other part is the product of the destruction of aging cells. In addition, excreta also includes some unnecessary substances ingested with food, such as excess water and inorganic salts.
Reproductive system: the general name of organ components closely related to reproduction in organisms. The function of reproductive system is to produce germ cells, reproduce new individuals, secrete sex hormones and maintain quasi-sexual characteristics.
The circulatory system is a system composed of extracellular fluid (including plasma, lymph and tissue fluid) and its circulating pipes. The circulatory system is a transport system in organisms, which transports nutrients absorbed by the digestive tract and oxygen inhaled through gills or lungs to various tissues and organs, and inputs the metabolites of various tissues and organs into the blood through the same way and discharges them through the lungs and kidneys. It also transports heat to all parts of the body to maintain body temperature and hormones to target organs to regulate their functions.
Respiratory system: including respiratory tract (nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus) and lung, it is the general name of the organs that exchange gas with the outside world. The function of the respiratory system is mainly to exchange gas with the outside world, exhale carbon dioxide, inhale fresh oxygen, and complete the elimination of gas.
Immune system: It consists of immune organs (bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, small intestinal lymph nodes, appendix, thymus, etc.). ), immune cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, platelets (because platelets contain IGG), etc. ) and immune molecules (complement, immunoglobulin, interferon, interleukin, tumor). Basic function: 1. Identify and remove foreign invasive antigens, such as pathogenic microorganisms. This function of preventing the invasion of external pathogens and removing invasive pathogens and other harmful substances is called immune defense. 2. Identify and eliminate mutated tumor cells, aging cells, dead cells or other harmful components in the body. This function of finding and eliminating "non-self" components in the body at any time is called immune surveillance. 3. Maintain the internal stability of the immune system through autoimmune tolerance and immune regulation. This function is called immune homeostasis. Hope to adopt