The mental health of teenagers means that teenagers get good development in moral, intellectual and physical aspects, can establish good relations with others in the process of study and social activities, can understand others, distinguish right from wrong, and can overcome difficulties when encountering troubles. The following is my adolescent mental health and adjustment methods for you, hoping to help you!
First, the top ten standards of adolescent mental health
The outstanding manifestations of teenagers' psychological problems are interpersonal relationship, emotional stability and learning adaptability.
Mental health contains two meanings: First, it can maintain internal and external harmony. Internal harmony is manifested in having a positive psychological state and accepting oneself with a positive psychological state; External harmony is characterized by good social adaptability, which can actively reduce problem behaviors and solve psychological problems. Second, there is no psychological problem. Psychological problems include various psychological and behavioral abnormalities and mental diseases, such as anxiety, depression, anorexia, antisocial behavior, etc.
The standard of adolescent mental health: make a positive response to events or activities that are beneficial to mental health.
Lin Chongde, a famous psychologist in China, believes that the core of mental health standards is to respond positively to all events or activities that are beneficial to mental health, and his psychology is healthy. Combined with the characteristics of adolescent psychological development, adolescent mental health standards include the following:
1, normal intelligence. Normal intelligence is the most basic psychological condition for life and study. Generally speaking, an IQ of over 80 is the standard of mental health.
2. Emotional stability, positive optimism. Teenagers with mental health can always keep relaxed, happy and coordinated emotions, and can properly express and control their emotions.
3. Strong will quality. Mentally healthy people have good self-control and frustration tolerance. Teenagers' behavior problems such as internet addiction and smoking addiction are often related to weak will quality.
4. Psychology and behavior are in line with age characteristics. Normal behaviors include: internal and external behaviors are consistent, behaviors are consistent with age, and behaviors are consistent with roles. For example, a student is a "three-good student" with all-round development in school, but he loses his temper at home and rarely participates in housework, which cannot be regarded as mental health.
5. Harmonious interpersonal relationship. Many psychological problems of teenagers are related to interpersonal relationships. When family and classmates are not harmonious, teenagers are prone to depression, anxiety, jealousy, hostility and sensitivity.
6. Maintain a sound personality. Cultivating teenagers' sound, independent and complete personality is the ultimate goal of teenagers' mental health education and an important guarantee for teenagers to adapt to society.
7. Good social adaptability. Teenagers with mental health can quickly adapt to environmental changes and keep good contact and adaptation with the real environment.
8. Correct self-cognition. Psychologically healthy teenagers are confident, self-respecting and self-loving, but don't blame yourself, blame yourself and feel inferior.
9. Face the reality and accept it. Mentally healthy teenagers have lofty ideals and don't indulge in unrealistic fantasies. Difficulties and challenges in life and study can be faced bravely and handled properly.
10. Love life and study. Mentally healthy people cherish and love life, can actively participate in life and enjoy the fun in life.
Second, common psychological problems of teenagers
Teenagers are a critical period of individual development, with their physical development gradually maturing and their self-awareness enhanced. However, due to their lack of experience, they are prone to all kinds of confusion and contradictions, which makes teenagers prone to psychological problems. Mainly manifested in:
1, tired of learning. Learning weariness refers to the inherent reaction tendency of students who lose interest in school life and have a negative attitude towards learning, including learning weariness, learning weariness attitude and learning weariness behavior. Mainly manifested as aversion to learning, even pain, and even truancy or truancy. Tired of learning often leads to students' low learning efficiency.
2. Test anxiety. When the self-imposed pressure exceeds a certain level, teenagers will have typical anxiety behavior reactions, such as palpitation, irritability, chest tightness, anxiety and so on. Parents and teachers should first accept the tension and anxiety of teenagers, actively communicate with teenagers, listen to their anxiety and worry, and let them learn to release pressure.
3. study fatigue. Study fatigue mainly includes physical fatigue and psychological fatigue, in which physical fatigue refers to the fatigue of muscles and nervous system; Psychological fatigue refers to emotional irritability, inattention, slow thinking and slow response. We can combine work and rest by cultivating teenagers' habit of using their brains scientifically.
4. trouble Trouble is mainly reflected in:
(1) It is difficult to communicate with parents.
(2) Spare-time life is boring.
(3) The study pressure is great.
(4) There are few confidants and friends, and the social scope is small.
(5) There is no environment for self-growth.
(6) Parents' and teachers' ideas, educational methods and school textbooks are outdated and can't keep up with the times.
(7) Don't make friends with heterosexuals during adolescence.
(8) There is nothing to say about troubles.
5. Depression. Depression is an emotion characterized by depression. Teenagers are in a period of high concentration of self-awareness and will experience depression more easily and often. For example, my parents nagged me because I didn't do well in the exam and my relationship with my classmates was misunderstood. These things may touch the sensitive and fluctuating hearts of teenagers.
6. rebellious psychology. Adolescence is in a rebellious period. It is often found that some teenagers "oppose" teachers and parents. The emergence of rebellious psychology is often related to the enhancement of teenagers' independent consciousness and self-consciousness. To fundamentally resolve teenagers' rebellious psychology, we must do a good job in communication with teenagers.
7. Internet addiction. Teenagers' Internet addiction is a mental illness caused by teenagers' excessive use of the Internet. Parents and teachers should reach an agreement on educational concepts and methods, give teenagers all-round care and attention, cultivate teenagers' good hobbies, develop the habit of reasonably controlling online time, and encourage teenagers to participate in outdoor activities.
Improving the current situation of outstanding psychological problems of teenagers requires efforts from all sides. First of all, we need school reform and teachers' efforts. Second, parents' help and guidance are needed; Lead by example; Create a harmonious family atmosphere for children. Third, optimize the social environment and give play to the propaganda and education role of the media. At the same time, teenagers themselves should continue to learn and improve.
Third, the methods of adolescent psychological adjustment.
Rational cognitive adjustment method: looking at events from multiple angles
Teenagers are in a transitional period from children to adults. Their views on people and things are unstable, but they have strong independent needs, and they are easy to have extreme ideas about people and external things and produce bad emotions. Rational cognitive adjustment method holds that the occurrence of emotions is not caused by the event itself, but by the experience's explanation and understanding of the event. The purpose of this method is to guide teenagers to explain the events that trigger emotions from multiple angles, so as to achieve the purpose of regulating emotions.
When teenagers have bad emotions due to an event, we should guide them to change their views on the event, explain the event from many aspects and angles, and don't immerse themselves in the negative effects of the event and be troubled by their own views on the event.
Positive emotional control
1, self-motivated. In the face of setbacks and failures, we can use words like "I can …" and "I can …" to motivate ourselves.
2, attention transfer. Shift your attention from negative emotions to something more interesting or meaningful. You can also change the environment, go out for a walk, visit and travel, or temporarily leave the environment that produces negative emotions.
3. Relax training. Hypnotic music and yoga can make people relax, and in the process, they can recall the pleasant scenes they have experienced.
4. Positive expectations. Whether it is the positive expectation of oneself or others' positive expectation of oneself, it can transmit positive energy and make oneself progress faster and develop better.
Good parent-child communication
After entering adolescence, it becomes more difficult for teenagers to communicate with their parents. Teenagers are no longer obedient and dependent on their parents as they were in childhood, but show more separation and independence. Many parents have this experience. Children have something to say, but they don't want to tell their parents. Parents want to talk to their children, but the children find excuses to refuse. So parents should learn some communication skills.
1, believe in children. Give advice and guidance to teenagers in a peaceful tone, and believe that teenagers can correct their mistakes and shortcomings.
2. Learn to listen. Parents should put down their parents' airs, listen to their children's voices and know their thoughts, so as to give targeted care and help to teenagers.
3. Create opportunities for conversation. Communication with teenagers needs the right time. You can find opportunities to communicate with teenagers at the dinner table, before going to bed, on the way to an outing, while walking, etc.
4. Discuss topics of interest to teenagers. One of the main reasons for the communication difficulties between parents and teenagers is that they don't have the same topic.
5. Encourage and praise children. Proper praise and appreciation will enhance teenagers' self-confidence.
6. Be kind and respectful when communicating. Teenagers have strong self-esteem, have the ability to understand society and things personally, and hope to be respected by others.
Expanding: Adolescent Mental Health Knowledge
learning problem
Psychological problems arising from learning are the main part of middle school students' psychological problems. Their problems are:
1, the psychological pressure of students' study is increasing, which leads to listlessness, and then there are phenomena such as loss of appetite, insomnia, neurasthenia, decreased memory effect and slow thinking.
2. Learning weariness is a prominent problem in current learning activities. Not only students with poor academic performance are unwilling to study, but some students with good academic performance are also tired of learning.
3. Test anxiety, especially when encountering more important exams.
Relationship problems
Interpersonal relationship is also a problem that middle school students reflect more. The question is as follows.
1, the relationship with the teacher. The main problems are rebellious psychology caused by teachers' incomprehension and distrust of students, psychological pressure and aggressive behavior caused by teachers' cognitive deviation.
2. Relationship with classmates. In addition to teachers' understanding and support, middle school students also hope to have an accepted sense of belonging in the class and classmates, and seek the understanding and trust of classmates and friends.
3. Relationship with parents. A democratic and harmonious family gives middle school students a warm harbor of their own. In authoritarian families, parents and children can't communicate normally, which leads to children's withdrawn and bossy personality. All kinds of family scars will cause psychological harm to middle school students to varying degrees.
(C) Adolescent psychological problems
1, adolescent atresia psychology. Its main performance is that the external performance tends to be closed and blocked, and the increasingly rich and complex internal activities coexist in the same individual. It can be said that closed psychology is a universal and special symbol of adolescent psychology.
2. Emotional agitation, overt and covert. The physiological upheaval in adolescence will inevitably cause emotional agitation among middle school students. This turbulent emotion is sometimes explicit and sometimes implicit.
3. puppy love. Middle school students are generally underage, and we call this underage love of middle school students puppy love. Middle schools, especially high school students, are in adolescence, and one of the most prominent contradictions in this period is the contradiction between rapid sexual development and relatively naive sexual psychology.
(D) Setbacks to adapt to problems
The frustration of middle school students is manifold, including study, interpersonal relationship, interest desire, self-esteem and so on. There are objective factors, social environment factors and personal subjective factors.
Mental health means that all kinds of psychological activities are normal, the relationship is coordinated, the content is consistent with reality, and the personality is in a relatively stable state. To put it bluntly, the signs of mental health are: physical, intellectual and emotional harmony, good interpersonal relationship, adaptation to the environment, happy mood, giving full play to their abilities in study and work, and efficient life.
The standard of mental health level includes the following ten items: psychological activity intensity, psychological activity tolerance, periodic rhythm, consciousness level, suggestion, rehabilitation ability, psychological self-control, self-confidence, social interaction and environmental adaptability.
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