1. The definition of physique and the understanding of physique in sports circles.
"Normal body function and activity" is health, which is an understanding of health. Although this view of health objectively reflects the essence of health in physiology, it only pays attention to human biological attributes, ignores human social attributes and fails to involve human psychological state. So it is not comprehensive. A more accurate health view should be the trinity health view put forward by the World Health Organization, which closely combines human health with physical and psychological state of the body and its adaptation to society. Among the three elements of health, physical and physiological health are the foundation. It is the premise and guarantee for the development of other health factors. Physical health should be based on normal body function, coordinated functions of various organ systems and good metabolism. A higher level of physical health is manifested in good physical quality, which is an ability to meet the needs of life and have enough energy to complete various activities. It comes from the energy and material storage organs of the human body. Physical exercise is a key way to improve physical fitness and an effective way to improve health.
Mental health is an important part of physical and mental health, and it is the embodiment of comprehensive concern for health. It means that a person is in a state of feeling good about himself and maintaining harmony with others and society. Good mental health is inseparable from physical exercise, which can cultivate tenacious will, adjust psychological balance and reduce nervousness.
Social adaptability is a scientific extension of the concept of health and reflects the further requirements of the development of the times. It means that individuals interact with others and social environment, and have good interpersonal relationships and the ability to play social roles.
2. The influence of physical exercise on physical fitness
2. 1 Effects of physical exercise on health
The human body consists of nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, exercise system, digestive system, excretory system, reproductive system, endocrine and sensory organs. Physical exercise is accomplished through the coordination of various organ systems of the human body, and at the same time, physical exercise also has a good influence on various organ systems.
2. 1. 1 physical exercise and digestive system
The digestive system consists of digestive tubes and digestive glands. The digestive system can transform food into nutrients needed by the body, send them into lymph and blood stream for the growth and maintenance of life, and excrete the residues in the metabolic process. Regular physical exercise has a good influence on the function of digestive system, which can enhance the peristalsis of gastrointestinal tract and increase the secretion of digestive juice, thus improving the digestion and absorption ability; It can also increase the human body's desire and demand for food, which is conducive to strengthening physical fitness.
2. 1.2 Physical exercise and nervous system
The nervous system includes central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is the "headquarters" for commanding the whole body activities. The essence of all human activities is the reflex activity of the nervous system, which is completed through the process of perception, analysis, judgment and reaction. Regular participation in physical exercise can improve and improve the response ability of the nervous system, make its thinking agile, and adjust its body movements more accurately and harmoniously; It can also effectively eliminate the fatigue of brain cells and improve the efficiency of study and work.
2. 1.3 Physical exercise and exercise system
Exercise system, also known as skeletal muscle system, consists of bones, joints and muscles. Regular exercise can promote bone growth and development. The bone density is thickened, the bone becomes thicker, the muscle adhesion on the bone surface is obviously prominent, and the arrangement of trabecular bone is more orderly and regular according to tension and pressure. This is because the metabolism of bone is strengthened and the blood circulation of bone is improved, resulting in good morphological and structural changes. Regular participation in scientific physical exercise can improve the function of human joints. Thickening of joint bone mineral density improves exercise load endurance; Thickening of articular cartilage not only increases the stability of joint, but also improves the motion buffering ability of joint. Joint capsule thickening, strengthening joints; The synovial layer of the inner layer of the joint capsule can secrete synovial fluid and reduce the friction between cartilage; The shape and structure of synovial bursa and synovial folds have been well changed, avoiding excessive impact and friction on articular surface; Tendons and ligaments around the joints are thickened, which strengthens the stability of the joints and improves the sports ability. Regular exercise can obviously increase muscle volume, greatly improve muscle working ability, and make muscles flexible, coordinated, responsive, accurate, powerful, lasting and efficient. It can also eliminate excess fat and prevent obesity. 2. 1.4 physical exercise and cardiopulmonary circulatory system
Among the various organ systems of the human body, the human oxygen transport system (that is, cardiopulmonary system) composed of respiratory system and cardiovascular system plays a very important role in human health and life activities. The human body continuously delivers oxygen and nutrients to all cells of the human body through the cardiopulmonary circulatory system, and at the same time delivers and discharges the final products of its metabolism to the outside world, which is the basis for maintaining human metabolism.
Modern scientific research has proved that physical exercise has a two-way effect on human organ system; On the one hand, it must be affirmed that scientific physical exercise can have a good influence on human organ system; On the other hand, if physical exercise violates the objective laws, it will also be harmful to health. Lack of scientific blind exercise has little effect on promoting human health, and may even cause injuries, fatigue and other symptoms to exercisers, seriously damaging physical function. Therefore, we must exercise regularly under the guidance of scientific principles.
2.2 The impact of physical exercise on mental health Physical exercise contributes to the development and improvement of intelligence. Regular physical exercise can promote the development of the brain, make the process of excitation and inhibition of the nervous system more concentrated, and respond to external stimuli more quickly and accurately. It can also improve people's vision, hearing, feeling, nerve conduction speed, balance and flexibility of neurites, and promote the enhancement of nervous system function. Physical exercise contributes to the adjustment and improvement of mood and mood. Physical exercise can not only transfer unpleasant consciousness, emotions and behaviors, but also make people get rid of troubles and pains, and bad emotions can be vented in time. Physical exercise helps to cultivate and form a strong will. In physical exercise, we should constantly overcome objective and subjective difficulties. On the premise of overcoming oneself, the more you try to overcome subjective and objective difficulties, the more you can cultivate good will quality. Physical exercise contributes to the establishment of self-correct concept and the improvement of interpersonal relationship. Make more friends through physical exercise, let everyone integrate into the group, and feel comfortable and refreshed to become a member of the group. Physical exercise helps to relieve fatigue and eliminate psychological barriers. Through physical exercise, we can improve people's psychological function and physical quality, make them feel comfortable, reduce fatigue and have a positive sense of accomplishment, thus enhancing self-confidence, getting rid of negative emotions such as depression and pessimism, and eliminating psychological obstacles.