Mainly routine:
Semen analysis, endocrine hormone examination, andrology physical examination, blood routine, blood sugar, blood type, liver function, chromosome, chlamydia, mycoplasma, etc. Among them, semen examination is the most important, and many male infertility are caused by abnormal semen.
Specific contents of male pre-pregnancy examination items:
First, the general check-up before pregnancy is the same as the medical check-up. Pay special attention to development, nutrition, mental condition and physical health. Women also need to do the following tests:
1, blood routine 18: virus infection, leukemia, acute infection, tissue necrosis, septicemia, malnutrition, anemia, ABO hemolysis and so on can be known.
Blood sugar: You can know the content of glucose in the blood and whether you have diabetes.
Liver function: Alanine aminotransferase can initially know whether liver function is damaged or not, and whether there are initial symptoms of liver diseases such as obstructive jaundice, acute (chronic) hepatitis and liver cancer.
Is HbsAg infected with hepatitis B virus?
Renal function: urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CR) can be used to know whether the kidney is damaged, whether there are acute and chronic nephritis, uremia and other diseases.
Blood lipids: cholesterol and triglycerides understand the content of blood lipids. Hyperlipidemia can lead to high blood pressure and increase the load on the heart.
2, urine routine: 1 1 can know whether there is infection in the urinary system and whether there is diabetes;
3. Routine stool examination: Routine stool examination is a necessary examination item to judge human health. Routine stool examination includes checking whether there are red blood cells and white blood cells in stool, bacterial sensitivity test, occult blood test (OB) and egg detection. Normal people's feces are generally yellow, without blood and mucus, with red blood cells and white blood cells.
Two, the special examination of men before pregnancy, mainly reproductive organs examination, examination contents include:
1, penis: pay attention to whether there are serious phimosis, induration, inflammatory tumor or dysplasia.
2. Urethra: Whether there is fistula, hypofissure or induration.
3. Prostate: The size can be checked by anal examination for induration and tumor, or by massaging prostatic fluid.
4. Testicle: Measure its size, palpation hardness, induration, tenderness and tumor, and whether it is cryptorchidism.
5, spermatic cord: touch the hardness of the vas deferens, whether there are nodules, tenderness, varicocele.
Three, male pre-pregnancy laboratory examination, in addition to semen examination as a mandatory item, the rest should be selected according to the specific situation of patients:
1, semen analysis: This is helpful to understand male fertility, and it is a necessary item for infertility. The examination contents include color, quantity, liquefaction time, pH value, sperm count, motility, survival rate and morphology.
2. In vitro heterogeneous insemination experiment: Even if the routine analysis of semen is completely normal, sometimes it still cannot fully represent the insemination ability of sperm. In vitro fertilization experiment can estimate sperm fertilization ability more accurately, which is of great value to judge male fertility. The commonly used heterofertilization experiment is that human sperm penetrates hamster eggs, and the sperm of normal fertility people is used as the control.
3. Prostate fluid examination: normal is milky white and alkaline. At high magnification, tiny refracted lecithin particles with a small amount of epithelial cells, amyloid and sperm can be seen in the whole field. The number of white blood cells is greater than 10. When there is inflammation, white blood cells increase, even piles of pus cells can be seen, and lecithin particles are significantly reduced.
4. Endocrine examination: The function of hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis can be understood through gonadotropin-releasing hormone or clomiphene citrate stimulation test. The determination of testosterone level can directly reflect the function of cytoplasmic cells. If necessary, thyroid hormone, adrenal sebum hormone or prolactin can be determined.
5. Doppler ultrasound examination. It is helpful to diagnose varicocele.
6. x-ray examination. In order to determine the location of vas deferens obstruction, vasectomy, epididymal radiography, vasectomy, seminal vesicle radiography or urethrography can be used, and patients with hyperprolactinemia can take X-ray of sella turcica (positive position) to determine whether there is pituitary adenoma.
7. Immunological examination. Use sperm agglutination test or braking test to detect sperm agglutination antibody or braking antibody in serum or seminal plasma. Although there are many detection methods, we should choose them according to local conditions.
8. Testicular biopsy. For azoospermia or oligozoospermia, the spermatogenic function of testicular seminiferous tubules and the development of interstitial cells can be directly examined. Immunohistochemical staining can reflect the synthesis and metabolism of local hormones.
9. Karyotype analysis. It can be used for external reproductive organ malformation, testicular dysplasia and unexplained azoospermia.
Precautions for male pre-pregnancy examination:
Men need to abstain from sex for 3 to 7 days during pre-pregnancy examination. Through strict and meticulous pre-pregnancy examination, we can predict in advance whether semen is energetic and help to give birth to a healthy baby.
In addition to the above checks, it is equally important to develop good habits in daily life, such as not drinking or smoking, living a regular life, combining work and rest, exercising properly and not staying up late. And have a balanced diet. Through the introduction of male pre-pregnancy examination items, I hope it can help you. The pre-pregnancy check-up of prospective fathers must not be ignored, and it should be for their own health and for the baby's health.
Precautions for pre-pregnancy examination
1. Men should pay attention to pre-pregnancy examination.
Under normal circumstances, men's pre-pregnancy examination is mainly aimed at reproductive system diseases, so as to ensure the birth of a healthy baby. Because the problem of male genitourinary system has a great influence on the health of the next generation, it is necessary to check this private part.
As we all know, a healthy baby must first be the crystallization of the combination of healthy sperm and eggs. Therefore, the most important thing for male pre-pregnancy examination is semen examination.
The problem of male genitourinary system has a great influence on the health of the next generation, so it is necessary to check this private part.
If you feel that there may be problems with your testicular development, you must first ask your parents whether they have parotitis, cryptorchidism, testicular trauma and operation, testicular pain swelling, hydrocele of tunica vaginalis, oblique hernia, urethral discharge, etc. When you are a child, provide this information to your doctor for careful consultation.
As the saying goes, "know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle." First of all, you should know your reproductive ability, and pre-pregnancy examination is essential. Therefore, both men and women should do a good job of pre-pregnancy examination and make full preparations for healthy babies.
Only premarital examination can't prevent birth defects.
First of all, pre-pregnancy examination can basically cover the contents of pre-marital examination, such as physical examination, genital examination, chronic disease examination and so on. Secondly, pre-pregnancy examination such as saliva and chromosome can exclude female cytomegalovirus infection and male chromosome imbalance, which is not available in premarital examination. Moreover, many newlyweds don't have children immediately after marriage. Even if the pre-marital examination is normal, the health status of both husband and wife may have changed by the time of pregnancy.