After getting the physical examination report, we should first understand what the physical examination items are, and then look at the physical examination conclusion. Physical examination conclusions include the diagnosis of diseases (such as diabetes), positive signs (such as Maxwell point tenderness), positive examination results (such as urine protein positive) and so on. Items not mentioned in the physical examination conclusion indicate that the examination is normal. If problems are found in the physical examination, the physical examination center will inform the person in charge of the unit or the candidate himself as soon as possible for emergency treatment (such as finding tumors). Otherwise, the medical examiner will give corresponding guidance and suggestions in different languages according to the severity of abnormal results. It is suggested that "further treatment or re-examination should be made in XX outpatient department", and then re-examination or diagnosis and treatment should be made in the corresponding department of the hospital; If "when necessary" or "follow-up" or "regular physical examination" is suggested, the degree of abnormality is not serious. If there is no discomfort, regular physical examination is enough, and there is no need for further examination and treatment at present.
In addition, to understand the physical examination report, you must also know the meaning of some symbols in the report. When it is necessary to indicate whether the substance to be detected exists or not, "(+)" means positive, "(-)" means negative, and "(+)" means weakly positive. When it is necessary to indicate the quantity of the substance to be measured, it is reported in the form of "specific value", which has a normal reference value range. However, the normal reference values used by different hospitals/methods may be slightly different. Generally, "↑" or "h" means "the value is higher than the normal value"; Use "↓" or "L" to mean "the value is below normal".
The index is close to the normal value and cannot be sloppy.
The main population of physical examination is healthy people, so those with normal or near-normal results are the most common. So, how do you view the practical significance of those indicators that are close to the normal value? Let's take the most commonly used indicators in physical examination as an example.
Blood routine examination focuses on three indicators: white blood cell (WBC) count, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and platelet count (PLT). Leukocytosis is common in infection, severe trauma, bleeding, poisoning and blood diseases. Leukopenia is common in viral infection, severe septicemia, drug or radiation injury and some blood diseases. Thrombocytopenia is common in hypersplenism, blood system diseases, virus infection and so on. The decrease of hemoglobin concentration can be seen in anemia caused by various diseases.
The commonly used indexes of liver function test include alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and so on. Clinically, the decrease of transaminase is of little significance, while the increase is found in various acute and chronic liver diseases, biliary tract infections, gallstones, heart diseases and serious infections. Among them, fatty liver, alcohol and drugs are the common reasons for the slight increase of liver function indexes in health examination. In addition, in cold, strenuous activity, physical exercise and menstrual period, transaminase can also be temporarily increased. Therefore, the increase of transaminase is not necessarily hepatitis, so you don't have to panic too much. You need to go to the outpatient department of hepatology or gastroenterology to check the cause of abnormal liver function.
The main indexes of renal function examination are blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and uric acid, which are obviously increased, suggesting that acute and chronic renal insufficiency caused by various reasons should be further diagnosed and treated in the outpatient department of nephrology. In addition, heart failure, shock, burns, dehydration, massive bleeding, prostatic hypertrophy, chronic urinary tract obstruction and so on. It can also cause the increase of blood urea nitrogen and blood creatinine. After correcting or treating the primary disease, the renal function index can return to normal.
The main indexes of blood lipid analysis are total cholesterol (T-ch), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). If the first three indicators are obviously high, you should go to the endocrinology department. The key to mild increase, especially those complicated with fatty liver and obesity, is to adjust diet structure, increase aerobic exercise, control weight, temporarily do not need drug treatment, and regularly check blood lipids. The decrease of blood lipid level can be seen in hyperthyroidism, severe anemia, liver cirrhosis, malabsorption syndrome and so on. Pay attention to balanced nutrition and correct or treat the primary disease. The decrease of high density lipoprotein is one of the important risk factors of coronary heart disease.
Commonly used tumor markers in physical examination include alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA 125, CA19, CA242, CA724), CYFRA 21-KLOC-0/,and neuron-specific enolization. If the index rises significantly, there is a great possibility of cancer, and further examination is needed. Slightly elevated, can not be ignored. You need to go to the hospital for reexamination every one or two months. If it continues to rise, it is necessary to consider the progress of cancer. If there has been no obvious change, it is generally a benign lesion. If the index of postoperative cancer patients continues to rise, the possibility of recurrence should be considered.
The main items of surgical physical examination are breast, thyroid, prostate and anus. If nodules and enlargement are found, further examination is needed.
Gynecological examination includes cervical cytology (TCT), gynecological ultrasound and gynecological examination. When severe inflammation and squamous cell abnormality appear in TCT examination, further diagnosis and treatment should be made in gynecological clinic; If mild or moderate inflammation is suggested, routine physical examination can be done. The most common type of gynecological ultrasound is hysteromyoma. If there are no symptoms and fertility requirements, follow-up observation can be carried out in the gynecological clinic. Ovarian cysts with no echo below 5cm can be reexamined after the next menstrual period is clean, except physiological cysts; Endometrial polyps have no change in menstrual flow, less than 1cm, and can be followed up.
Imaging examination generally includes chest X-ray and B-ultrasound (including abdomen, thyroid, bladder, prostate, breast, etc. ). If space occupying lesions are found, further examination should be conducted to rule out the possibility of malignant tumors. Cysts, hamartomas, hemangiomas, polyps (less than 65438±0cm in diameter) and definitely diagnosed stones can be left untreated if they are asymptomatic, but regular physical examination is required.
It is useful to keep the physical examination report properly.
In addition to screening some major diseases, physical examination can also find some potential health hazards. According to the guidance and suggestions, such as changes in lifestyle and eating habits, early intervention and treatment of certain diseases can avoid diseases.
Physical examination reports have many uses. By comparing the physical examination results over the years and observing the dynamic changes of indicators, the progress of the disease can be found in time. If the B-ultrasound examination shows that the gallbladder polyp is larger every time, when the polyp is larger than 1cm, the polyp should be removed before the polyp becomes malignant. Physical examination report can also be used as one of the diagnostic basis, which is useful when seeing a doctor. Therefore, regardless of the medical examination results, you should take good care of your medical examination report. Some physical examination centers also provide computer archiving service for the physical examination data of the subjects, track and analyze the physical examination results after two consecutive physical examinations, and follow up regularly after the physical examination.