1, symptoms of syphilis
1, symptoms of primary syphilis
Primary syphilis is characterized by painless lumps, also known as chancre, which often occur in Tintin, vulva or female private parts. Chancre can also appear in anus, rectum, lips, tongue, pharynx, cervix and fingers, and occasionally in other parts of the body. The chaperones are often single, and occasionally several are group students. The initial chancre is small and red, and soon becomes a painless ulcer. This kind of ulcer does not bleed, but it can flow out brittle liquid when it encounters friction, which is very contagious. Neighboring showers are often swollen, but they don't hurt. Because the symptoms of chancre are very mild, it is often ignored. Not half of the infected women and 1/3 of the infected men have no sympathy for chancre. Hard chancre usually heals itself within 3 ~ 12 weeks, and the forehead of patients will look pure and healthy in the future.
2. Symptoms of secondary syphilis
The main manifestations of secondary syphilis can be summarized into three characteristics: flu-like symptoms, syphilis rash and systemic lymphadenopathy. At this stage, it is usually possible to have the same systemic symptoms as popular and cute, and then there will be lymph node enlargement and various injuries to the skin and mucosa. Lesions include macula, maculopapule and pustule; Mucosal lesions include syphilitic pharyngitis, mucosal plaque and syphilitic alopecia. Some patients will be hoarse or even have no pronunciation at all. 90% patients will have syphilis rash, which is the basic feature of secondary syphilis.
3, the principle of treatment of syphilis
Emphasize early diagnosis, early treatment, regular course of treatment and adequate amount. Regular clinical and laboratory follow-up after treatment. Sexual partners should also be investigated in the same way. Early syphilis can be cured clinically, and the infectivity can be eliminated after thorough treatment. The treatment of advanced syphilis can eliminate inflammation in tissues, but the damaged tissues are difficult to repair.
Penicillin, such as aqua penicillin, procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin, is the first choice for syphilis at different stages. Those who are allergic to penicillin can choose tetracycline and erythromycin. Some patients may have Chi Hai reaction at the initial stage of penicillin treatment, which can be prevented by starting with a small dose or using other drugs. The serum should be rechecked every 3 months in the first year after syphilis treatment, and then every 6 months, ***3 years. Neurosyphilis and cardiovascular syphilis should be followed up for life.
2. The route of transmission of syphilis
1. Direct contact infection: About 95-98% of syphilis patients are infected in this way.
2. Indirect contact infection: People living with syphilis patients can come into contact with underwear, underwear, bedding, towels, razors, bath towels, bathtubs, toilets and so on. Used by the patient, and these instruments may be infected with Treponema pallidum discharged from the damaged part of the patient.
3, fetal syphilis: women with syphilis, untreated, after pregnancy, the mother's treponema pallidum can circulate to the fetus through the blood, so that the fetus is infected with syphilis.
4. Blood-borne infection: If the blood donor is a latent syphilis patient, his blood may contain Treponema pallidum. Once transfused into the recipient, infection will occur. This kind of patients have no symptoms of primary syphilis, but directly have symptoms of secondary syphilis. Therefore, it is very important to screen blood donors for syphilis serology.
3. Daily care of syphilis
1, widely carry out health education to make people understand the harm of syphilis to social civilization, economy and family, form a good social environment, and improve the health quality and consciousness of the whole society. Put an end to improper sexual behavior and advocate a clean and honest life. If you are not careful and have a history of suspected syphilis contact, you should do a syphilis serum test in time for timely detection and treatment. If pregnant women have a history of suspected syphilis contact, they can first undergo a course of preventive penicillin anti-syphilis treatment to prevent syphilis from infecting the fetus.
2, for sexual partners, should fully understand their sexual history and health status, if there are suspicious symptoms, should urge them to check and treat. Pay attention to the disinfection of utensils when going out, and you can carry "skin Yin Jie" with you for cleaning. Pay attention to the cleaning and disinfection of women's private parts before normal sexual life. After discovering the condition, it is necessary to treat it in isolation, and it is forbidden to have sex before it is cured. Patients' sexual partners should be examined or given preventive treatment. Patients with advanced syphilis should pay attention to the combination of work and rest, carry out necessary functional exercises, and maintain a good mentality in order to facilitate rehabilitation.
Step 4 prevent syphilis
1, tracking patients' sexual partners, including patients' self-reports and medical staff's visits, finding all patients' sexual contacts, carrying out preventive examination, follow-up observation and necessary treatment, and the spouses are absolutely forbidden to have sex before they are cured;
2. Preventive examination and syphilis serum test should be carried out for suspicious patients, so as to find new patients early and treat them in time;
3, found that syphilis patients must be forced to isolate treatment;
4. Pregnant women suspected of syphilis should be given preventive treatment in time to prevent syphilis from being transmitted to the fetus; Unmarried men and women can't get married before being cured;
5. Patients who have received treatment should receive regular follow-up treatment.