The concept of a healthy city was formed in 1980s. It is based on the strategic ideas of "New Public Health Movement", "Ottawa Charter" and "Health for All", and it is also an action strategy advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO) to meet the challenges brought by urbanization in the 20th century. 1984, the concept of "healthy city" was first put forward at the international conference held in Toronto, Canada. 1986, the who regional office for Europe decided to launch the urban health promotion plan and implement the regional healthy city project (HCP). Toronto, Canada took the lead in responding, and made gratifying achievements by formulating healthy city planning, formulating corresponding health management regulations, taking pollution prevention measures, and organizing all citizens to participate in urban health construction. Subsequently, the active and healthy city movement was introduced from Canada to the United States and Europe, and then set off an upsurge in Japan, Singapore, New Zealand and Australia, gradually forming an international movement in cities all over the world.
Development of Healthy City Project in China
In China, the activity of building a national health city from 1989 has laid the foundation and created conditions for building a healthy city. The ideas and methods of building a healthy city can not only consolidate and improve the achievements of creating a national health city, but also enrich and deepen the connotation of the patriotic health campaign.
Pilot stage
Before 1993, the development of healthy city project in China was mainly in the exploratory and pilot stage, including introducing the concept of healthy city and cooperating with WHO to carry out relevant training.
1994 At the beginning of 1994, WHO officials conducted a survey in China, and concluded that it is absolutely necessary and possible for China to carry out a healthy urban planning campaign. Therefore, WHO, in cooperation with the Ministry of Health of China, started the pilot project of healthy cities in Dongcheng District of China and Jiading District of Shanghai from August 1994. This marks that China has officially joined the worldwide healthy city planning movement.
After SARS, the construction of healthy cities in China has entered the stage of all-round development. With the encouragement and advocacy of the Ministry of Health of China, many cities began to build healthy cities voluntarily to further improve the urban environment and improve the health and quality of life of citizens. The work in Suzhou and Shanghai is typical.
Suzhou has been actively introducing the concept of healthy city since the late 1990s. 2001June 12, the National patriotic health campaign committee Office (Ivy's Office) officially declared Suzhou as the first pilot city of "Healthy City" project in China. In August of the same year, the Ninth Congress of China Producers' Party in Suzhou decided to build Suzhou into a healthy city in 5- 10 years. In September 2003, Suzhou held a mobilization meeting on SARS prevention and control and healthy city construction, and issued a series of documents such as the decision, action plan and division of responsibilities for healthy city construction, which systematically started the healthy city construction.
At the end of 2003, the Shanghai Municipal Government issued the Three-year Action Plan for Building a Healthy City in Shanghai (2003-2005), which identified eight major projects (creating a healthy environment, providing healthy food, pursuing a healthy life, advocating healthy marriage and childbearing, popularizing healthy exercise, building a healthy campus, developing a healthy community, and creating spiritual civilization), covering 104 indicators. The mid-term evaluation and final evaluation were completed in 2004 and 2005 respectively. As the first megacity in China to build a healthy city, Shanghai will provide experience and practical basis for other megacities in China.
At the end of 2007, Ivy's office officially launched the national healthy city, district (town) construction activities, and identified Shanghai, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Dalian, Karamay, Zhangjiagang, Dongcheng District of Beijing, Xicheng District of Beijing, Qibao Town of Minhang District of Shanghai and Zhangyan Town of Jinshan District of Shanghai as the first batch of pilot cities (districts, towns) for healthy city construction in China.