In order to make a living, their parents left their young children behind and went out to work, earning family income through hard work, which contributed to economic development and social stability. However, they stayed at home in the countryside and spent little time with their parents, including mainland cities, and some parents went out to work in prosperous cities. These children, who should be the apple of their parents' eye, have become a special group-left-behind children (urban children who live far away from their parents can also be called left-behind children).
Left-behind children are in a critical period of growth and development. They can't enjoy the guidance and help of their parents in their ideological understanding and values. When they grow up, they lack the emotional care and care of their parents. Relatively speaking, they tend to go to the two extremes of development. Some children have deviations in understanding and values, and their personality and psychological development are abnormal. Some children become extremely strong and brave. The so-called poor children are like this.
An authoritative survey shows that the number of "left-behind children" in rural areas of China exceeds 6 1 10,000 (equivalent to the total population of Britain). 57.2% of left-behind children go out with one parent, and 42.8% go out with their parents at the same time. Among the left-behind children, 79.7% were raised by grandparents, 13% were entrusted to relatives and friends, and 7.3% were uncertain or unsupervised.
Most left-behind children are taken care of by grandparents, and the lack of parental supervision and education has a negative impact on the all-round healthy growth of left-behind children. The problem of "intergenerational education" is the most prominent among the "left-behind children" groups.
According to the survey, after parents go out to work, they spend less time with their children and communicate less, which is far from meeting the requirements of the guardian role. Moreover, there are many unsatisfactory places in intergenerational education, leaving these poor children with lifelong regrets.
In rural areas, due to the needs of family life and the increasing surplus labor force, 80% young people with newly formed families go out to work in exchange for the increase of family income. This is a good phenomenon, but it also reflects another focus, which is the increase of left-behind children.
Left-behind children are very common in rural areas now. Parents go out to work, and their daily life is basically the responsibility of grandparents or grandparents. Some preschool children go out early and come back late every day. Because grandparents are too old to take care of all aspects, left-behind children can't change clothes in time, the nutrition of vegetables and rice can't be balanced, and children can't be treated in time when they are sick. These all reflect the pity of left-behind children.
Yesterday, a child took the school bus, complaining of stomachache and vomiting on the bus. Grandparents didn't find the child sick. Finally, the teacher sent the child to the hospital, and it was pitiful to look at the child. A child asked her if she missed her parents. Most of them are speechless, and then little tears will fall, because without the care of their parents, they are really helpless! In fact, the suffering of left-behind children is not detailed here. All kinds of things that shouldn't happen, accidents, etc. Most of them are caused by left-behind children.
Because children are young, have poor self-care ability, or are taken care of by grandparents or relatives, and lack of parental care, they have various mental health problems such as inferiority, timidity, insecurity and poor interpersonal skills. This paper mainly analyzes the causes of mental health problems of left-behind children, and expounds the intervention measures in order to provide useful reference for psychological counseling of such children.
First, the main problems of mental health of left-behind children in rural areas
The lack of emotional interaction. Emotional interaction can touch children's inner world and is very important for children's emotional growth. Left-behind children in rural areas can't germinate the seeds of deep love because they can't feel the care and care of their parents for a long time, so they don't have the innocence and liveliness that children of this age should have, and they are eager for irreplaceable love from their parents, which leads to inner anxiety and loneliness.
Second, the causes of mental health problems of left-behind children in rural areas
Family factors. Family is the initial educational environment of human beings, and the foundation of children's mental health development is family education. A good family environment is closely related to children's moral, intellectual, physical and personality abilities. Suhomlinski, a famous educator, once said: "School education without family education and family education without school education cannot accomplish extremely detailed and complicated educational tasks." Parents have a subtle educational effect on children, and correct education and care are indispensable conditions for children to form healthy psychology and willpower.
Social factors. Rural cultural environment has an important influence on left-behind children. The cultural life in rural areas is relatively simple and poor, which cannot meet the growth needs of children. However, with the development of the Internet, there are more and more Internet cafes in rural areas, and now children in rural areas like to "bar". Due to the lack of self-control, children are easily attracted by unhealthy online content, which leads to mental pollution.
Third, intervention strategies for mental health problems of left-behind children in rural areas
(a) Family strategy
Family is the first school where people grow up, and family factors have greater influence on children than school and social factors. As far as family factors are concerned, parents' going out to work has a direct impact on the life and psychology of left-behind children. Parents' expectations of left-behind children, family education methods and family economic conditions all have an impact on their psychology. Therefore, parents should take more targeted measures to effectively assume the responsibility of maintaining the mental health of left-behind children.
Reduce the number, time and number of migrant workers, and don't go out unless you can. Families whose parents go out to work will inevitably have problems such as parent-child separation and lack of family education, which will eventually bring negative psychological influence to left-behind children. Therefore, to change the situation of parent-child separation caused by migrant workers, the most fundamental way is that parents do not go out to work, and children eventually stay behind and return to the same family structure as other non-left-behind children.
School strategy
Schools should carry out special work of mental health education for left-behind children, such as establishing psychological files and setting up family hotlines. In addition, the school should also build a good relationship between teachers and students and classmates for left-behind children, resolutely put an end to those factors that have a negative impact on the psychology of left-behind children, and cultivate students with all-round physical and mental development. Construct and maintain a good relationship between teachers and students. Teachers should improve their comprehensive quality, including professional quality and psychological quality. In the process of education and teaching, teachers should pay attention to treat every student equally, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, change their rude attitude towards students, create a relaxed and harmonious classroom atmosphere, and let students dare to communicate with teachers and be willing to communicate with them.
(3) Social strategy
Left-behind children do not live in a vacuum. Due to the lack of family education, they have more opportunities to contact the society than non-left-behind children, and various negative social factors have a greater impact on them. Therefore, we must get rid of unhealthy trends, cultivate healthy trends and protect the healthy growth of left-behind children in rural areas.
Provide a safe and stable living and learning environment for left-behind children. Don't set up internet cafes and game halls near the school to prevent all kinds of bad social events and avoid the bad social experience of left-behind children. We should actively play the role of rural libraries, cultural stations and children's palaces, guide the spiritual needs of left-behind children, and cultivate their spiritual outlook of "study hard and make progress every day". Helping left-behind children "learn to be human, learn to learn and learn to live" is the ultimate goal of left-behind children's education.