The basis of biological growth and development is that there are many creatures in nature, and the varieties of various creatures are different. The nutrients needed for growth and the growth conditions or environment will also be different. What is shared below is the basis of biological growth and development.
The basis of biological growth and development 1 The cytological basis of biological growth and development is: cell division and differentiation. Cell differentiation refers to the process that cells from the same source gradually produce cell groups with different morphological structures and functional characteristics, and the result is that cells are different in space.
Cell division refers to the proliferation of living cells, the number of which is divided from one cell to two cells. Cells before division are called mother cells, and new cells formed after division are called daughter cells.
Extended data:
The differentiation of human stem cells into cardiomyocytes or other types of cells depends on whether some segments of the genome are activated or not, and is determined by the location of DNA in the nucleus.
Chromatin, a key gene that determines differentiation into different cells, is isolated around the nucleus. When cardiac stem cells differentiate into cardiomyocytes, the genomic region containing cardiac cell genes is released from the perinuclear region. These isolated and silenced DNA regions are called laminin binding regions (LAD).
The type of cell differentiation is determined by the adjustment and change of the specific DNA silencing region at the nuclear edge. For example, if LAD silences the expression of neuron genes, cells will not become neurons, but if cardiac cell genes are released, these stem cells will differentiate into cardiomyocytes.
This is the first time that human beings have found that the path of cell differentiation is determined by the accessibility of genome.
What are the factors that affect growth and development?
1, heredity: Genetic factors have certain influence on children's growth and development. For example, parents' height, skin color, number and shape of hair, etc. , have a certain degree of influence on children.
2, mental factors: experts believe that children who can not be caressed, because the body secretes less growth hormone, their average height may be lower than that of children of the same age.
3. Nutrition: Nutrition is very important for growth and development. Infants need a reasonable diet structure, otherwise it will not only affect their normal development, but also affect their intelligence in the future.
4, sleep: after children fall asleep, the anterior pituitary gland can secrete a growth hormone. If you don't get enough sleep, growth hormone may be blocked, which may lead to mental dwarfism.
5. Exercise: Physical exercise under natural conditions plays a great role in strengthening children's physique, improving their development level and reducing the incidence rate. Sunlight, air and water can promote metabolism, digestion and absorption and blood circulation, which is beneficial to growth and development.
6. Diseases: Long-term digestive dysfunction, repeated respiratory infections, endocrine system diseases, and cerebral hypoplasia have a direct impact on children's growth and development.
7. Environment and climate: Anthropological research proves that autumn grows heavier and spring grows higher. Geographically, the tropics developed earlier and the frigid zone developed rapidly. In addition, a reasonable living system, fresh air, noise-free and pollution-free environment are all conducive to children's physical and mental development.
Basis of biological growth and development 2 What are the six factors that affect growth and development?
1. Genetic factors: offspring get their parents' genetic information through inheritance, which plays an extremely important role in growth and development, and determines the characteristics, potential and trends of normal growth and development, such as height, figure and time of sexual maturity. Hereditary diseases, such as metabolic defects and chromosome aberrations, can directly and seriously affect the whole growth and development process of children, so genetic factors are one of the main factors affecting growth and development;
2. Environmental factors: A good ecological environment, such as abundant sunshine, fresh air and clean water, is conducive to healthy growth and development. Participating in outdoor activities can promote physical health, enhance the body's metabolic function, and is conducive to growth and development;
3. Nutritional factors: Nutrition is the material basis of growth and development, and the nutrients needed in the process of cell development are basically obtained from the outside. Malnutrition in uterus or early postpartum and adolescence will not only affect physical development, but also affect neurological and intellectual development. It is necessary to supplement foods rich in carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and other nutrients in an appropriate amount every day to achieve a balanced nutrition and avoid stunted growth due to lack of nutrition;
4. Disease factors: Any acute or chronic disease that causes physiological dysfunction can directly affect growth and development. For example, acute diarrhea affects the body's absorption, which generally does not cause serious adverse effects on growth and development in the short term, and may cause slow growth and development in the long term. Chronic diseases of heart, kidney, endocrine and other organs or systems, such as growth hormone deficiency and hypothyroidism, may have a certain impact on growth and development;
5. Mental factors: A harmonious family atmosphere also plays an important role in growth and development. If you live a violent and depressed life for a long time, this kind of mental depression will lead to the disorder of hormone secretion, which will affect your growth.
The basis of biological growth and development 3 What factors affect growth and development?
Genetic factors and environmental factors are the two most basic factors affecting children's growth and development. Heredity determines the potential of growth and development, which is influenced and regulated by a series of environmental factors. The interaction of these two aspects determines the growth and development level of each child.
Let's first understand the influence of genetic factors on children's growth and development. The "trajectory" or characteristics, potential, trend and limit of children's growth and development are determined by the genetic factors of both parents. The genetic information of race and family has far-reaching influence, such as skin color and hair color, facial features, height, sexual maturity and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Hereditary diseases, whether chromosome aberration or metabolic defect, have great influence on growth and development.
In addition, gender can also cause differences in growth and development. For example, the average height and weight of girls are lower than that of boys of the same age, while the language and motor development of girls is slightly earlier than that of boys. Therefore, the evaluation of children's growth and development should be carried out according to male and female standards respectively.
Next, let's learn the influence of environmental factors on growth and development. The influence of environmental factors on children's development includes nutrition, diseases, mother's situation and family and social environment.
First, reasonable nutrition is the material basis for children's growth and development. The younger they are, the greater the influence of nutrition. When the supply ratio of various nutrients is appropriate and the living environment is suitable, the growth potential of children may be fully exerted.
Second, the impact of diseases on children's growth and development is very obvious. Acute infection often causes weight loss; Long-term chronic diseases also affect the growth of weight and height; Endocrine diseases often cause skeletal growth and nervous system development retardation, such as congenital hypothyroidism; Congenital diseases, such as congenital heart disease, are often accompanied by growth retardation.
Third, the development of the fetus in the womb is influenced by many factors such as the living environment, nutrition, mood and health status of the pregnant mother. Such as rubella, herpes zoster and cytomegalovirus. In early pregnancy, it is easy to cause fetal congenital malformation.
Fourth, good living environment and sanitary conditions, such as abundant sunshine, fresh air, suitable seasonal climate, clean water and comfortable living conditions, can promote children's growth and development, otherwise, it will bring adverse effects; Family life mode, parent-child relationship, parents' parenting concept and marital quality will also directly affect children's early development level.