Piglets are weaned in 2 1~ 28 days, and then stay in the rotating nursery on the delivery bed. When they are fed to 70 days old, they will stay in the nursery for more than 40 days. The "conservation" stage is mainly to create a good environment and provide material conditions for the survival and development of piglets, give them careful care and "nurture", help them develop well in body and function, and promote their healthy development in body and mind.
Second, several indicators of the maintenance stage
Generally, the weaning weight of 265 and 438+0 days old should reach 6 kg, and that of 28 days old should reach 7.5 kg. During lactation, the feed-meat ratio is generally around 1.45, the daily intake is about 600g, the daily gain is about 420g, and the 70-day weight target is 25kg.
Iii. Management of weaning and after weaning (pigs breast-feeding in bed)
Weaning time is 3-4 weeks, and the specific weaning time depends on the specific situation of piglets. When weaning, it is best to do it in the morning (the situation after weaning is easy to observe at any time). When weaning, the sow is driven away, and the piglets stay in the original pen, while keeping the temperature in the shed unchanged or slightly higher, so that only when the stress of weaning changes and the feeding environment remains unchanged can the piglets adapt quickly.
Fourth, the preparation of nursery.
Nursery rooms are generally in and out, and the biggest advantage is that all the remains of the last batch of pigs can be removed. Before suckling pigs enter, the nursery should be cleaned first. And check whether the site, feed trough and dung leakage board are damaged, check whether all electrical appliances and wires are damaged, check whether the windows can be closed normally, and check whether each water dispenser leaks. Sterilize the empty house for later use.
Fifth, transfer the group.
If the sick pigs in the delivery room are brought into the nursery during the transfer process, they are also brought into the disease; If the pig that is too small is transferred, it will not meet the standard if it is transferred to fattening. The nursery is different from the delivery room, so it is impossible to take care of every pig carefully, and the chance of recovery of sick pigs is much smaller than that of the delivery room, so it is an important job to catch unqualified pigs when changing groups. When grouping, the original nest should be kept in the same circle as much as possible, and the size and weight are similar. Individuals who are too small and weak should be raised separately. This is beneficial to the emotional stability of piglets and reduces the nerve stimulation caused by mixed groups; After the piglets rushed into the nursery, the breeder had to train the piglets to distinguish between the sleeping area and the excretory area a few days ago.
Six, feed and nutrition
In order to provide suitable feed for brooding piglets, it is generally necessary to feed the brooding feed for one week after brooding, and then transfer to the brooding feed for one week. Because there is a certain nutritional gap from the brooding feed to the brooding feed, it is necessary to make a good feed transition to reduce the harm caused by the excessive nutritional gap. The nursing pigs mainly feed freely, and the breeder should fill in the date of feeding the nursing materials on the record form and keep the feed in the trough; Feed should be properly kept to ensure that it is fresh after feeding. In order to ensure the freshness of feed and prevent the moldy corner feed, it is necessary to wait until the feed in the trough is finished and clean the trough every three days.
Seven. temperature
Due to the sensitivity of weaned piglets to low temperature, the heat preservation of nursery has become the focus of daily management. From the stretcher room with superior conditions to the nursery room, there is no incubator and no electric heating plate, and the temperature plays a greater role. In terms of temperature, we should grasp the following points: when we first entered the nursery, the ambient temperature was about 2℃ higher than that in the litter room; It's best to lay a cushion for the new piglets in the nursery, because the cold air under the net bed is very harmful to the pigs; The temperature sensing point of the thermometer should be parallel to the pig's back to show its real temperature; The harm of temperature difference is greater than the temperature itself, and frequent temperature changes will consume most of the energy of piglets to adapt to humidity. The temperature change in one day shall not be higher than 5℃.
Eight. humidity
It is generally believed that the influence of humidity on pigs is mainly reflected in the amount of dust in the house and the feeling of temperature on pigs, but in fact it is more than that. Excessive dry air constantly stimulates the respiratory tract, which increases mucus secretion, nose and phlegm. In order to discharge foreign bodies, increase the burden of respiratory system, cause pathogens to take the opportunity to enter and cause respiratory infection, attention must be paid in production. Humid air is also one of the causes of diarrhea. It is necessary to create a good and comfortable living environment for the normal growth and development of nursing pigs. The optimum relative humidity is 65% ~ 75%. A hygrometer should be installed in the nursery to keep abreast of indoor humidity.
Nine, density
Under the condition of a certain enclosure area, the higher the density, the larger the population, the more likely it is to cause congestion and reduce the utilization rate of feed. Large-scale pig farms require the nursery to raise 15 ~ 20 piglets per circle, with a maximum of 25 piglets. The shed adopts rain-leaking or semi-rain-leaking ground, and each piglet covers an area of 0.3 ~ 0.5 square meters. When the density is high, the concentration of harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide is too high, and the air quality is relatively poor, so pigs are prone to respiratory diseases, so ensuring air quality is the key to control respiratory diseases.
X. ventilation equipment
If all nutrients are ranked in order of importance, oxygen should be ranked first, because if the oxygen supply is cut off, any pig will not live for an hour, but water and feed will take much longer. Everyone knows this truth, but not everyone can think of the chronic injury caused by hypoxia. There are many details to pay attention to in the operation of ventilation: ventilation should not be too urgent, especially when the temperature difference between inside and outside the house is large. Specifically, ventilation from the door is not allowed when there is a big difference, and opening the upper window should also be considered when ventilation from the window; I'm not afraid of strong winds, but I'm afraid of thieves. Local uninterrupted thief wind will cause a pigsty or several pigsty discomfort for a long time.
XI。 repellent
Insect repellent mainly includes internal and external parasites such as ascaris lumbricoides, sarcoptic mites, lice, nematodes and so on. The suitable time for deworming is 35 ~ 40 days old. The parasites in the body were fed with ivermectin for seven days. The ectoparasites are sprayed on pigs with topical pesticides mixed with water. Pay attention to thoroughly remove the feces discharged after deworming and properly handle them to prevent the worms or eggs in the feces from causing secondary pollution.
Twelve. Drinking Water
Water is the most important nutrition in pigs' daily food. Lack of drinking water reduces the feed intake of pigs, which directly affects the nutritional value of diet, and the growth rate of pigs can be reduced by 20%. If you can't drink water in time, your food will be affected Therefore, if a row of pigs exceeds 10, it is necessary to install two water dispensers every 50 cm to facilitate the pigs to drink water at any time. In order to relieve various stress factors of weaned piglets, drugs such as glucose, electrolyte, vitamins and antibiotics are usually added to drinking water to improve the resistance of piglets and reduce the infection rate.
Thirteen. immunization
Although the selection of vaccines and the formulation of immunization procedures are different in each field, the number of vaccinations in the protection stage is generally not less than 3 times (28-70 times). Frequent immunization makes piglets still in a highly stressed environment after accepting the stress of weaning, environmental change and reorganization. In the process of injection, the pig must be fixed first, and then injected at the exact location. When different kinds of vaccines are injected at the same time, they should be injected on both sides, and flying needles are not allowed; Piglets in each column should be hung with immunization cards, and the date of transfer and inoculation should be recorded. The immune card moves with the movement of the pig. Don't take too many vaccines in the nursery, mainly swine fever, pseudorabies and foot-and-mouth disease vaccines.
Fourteen disinfect
Before disinfection, the pens should be thoroughly cleaned, including the entrance of the pigsty and the walkways inside and outside the pigsty. Wherever pigs and people pass, they should be thoroughly cleaned every day. Disinfection includes environmental disinfection and disinfection with pigs. It is necessary to strictly implement the sanitation and disinfection system. Usually, soda water is put into the disinfection pool at the entrance of the pigsty and replaced twice a week. Pigs transferred to other houses should be disinfected in the "buffer room". Disinfection can be used alternately with several disinfectants, at least 1 time per week, and 1 time per day when the epidemic situation is found; It is best to use dry powder disinfectant if possible.
Fifteen. disease prevention
The conservation stage is stressful, and it is also a stage of high incidence of diseases. However, it is not impossible to prevent diseases in nurseries if we master the law of incidence at this stage. Except viral diseases, most diseases in nurseries are related to nutrition and environmental control. Providing high-quality feed and maintaining a comfortable environment are the best measures to prevent diseases. At the stage of causing stress, such as population change, fuel change, climate change, etc., it is necessary to take drug prevention in advance. The drug used is a combination of anti-stress drugs and antibiotics; Eliminating worthless pigs in time can reduce the chance of disease transmission; Monitoring the activities of feed and pigs can find diseases at the earliest time; Every time you change groups, you should leave a few empty columns so that sick pigs can enter isolation.
Sixteen. record
It is reported that piglets have reached the rapid growth period before 8 weeks old, and the growth rate from 8 weeks old to slaughter has been determined in the seed conservation stage. If the growth of piglets is delayed in the accelerated period of conservation, the growth of piglets in the fattening period will be continuously affected. This requires a series of data to help us find the problems, and systematically analyze the problems found, find out the root causes of the growth retardation of suckling pigs and solve them in time to minimize the losses. Of course, the specific living environment and growth characteristics of breeding pigs make the pig farm staff pay attention to the details of daily feeding management during the breeding stage. Only in this way can we improve the production level of protected pigs and maximize the comprehensive benefits of pig farms.