With the rapid development of society, the pace of people's life is accelerating, the competition is becoming more and more fierce, and the relationship is becoming more and more complicated. The rapid progress of science and technology with explosive growth of knowledge constantly forces people to update their knowledge, and human beings have entered the concept of "emotion is more important than age", and their emotional attitudes have undergone complex changes. As a member of modern society, college students are very sensitive in the era of college life and study, and they are the "barometer" of psychological films. In addition, college students, as a special social group, have many special problems of their own, such as adapting to the new learning environment and tasks. Major selection and study adaptation, conflict between ideal and reality, handling and learning of interpersonal relationship, contradiction between love and future career choice, etc. How to make them avoid or eliminate these psychological pressures, crises or obstacles, improve their physical and mental health, positive and normal mental state, adapt to the current social development environment, prevent the occurrence of psychological obstacles and psychosomatic diseases, and strengthen college students' mental health education has become an urgent need and concern.
Definition of mental health
Mental health is an internal and external environment with a sense of stability to adapt to any form of society. If you encounter any obstacles and difficulties, you can overcome psychological obstacles and stabilize and adapt to the mental health of the country through appropriate behavior. It is very difficult to measure absolute mental health. Health is relative, not an absolute dividing line. Generally speaking, there are three principles to judge whether psychology is normal: First, the unity of psychology and environment. Normal psychological activities are consistent in content and form and conform to the objective environment. Second, the unity of psychology and behavior. This refers to individual psychology, and their behavior is a complete, unified and coordinated process. Third, the character is stable. Personality is the concrete embodiment of the unique personality and psychological characteristics of personal experience living in this process for a long time. Mental disorder refers to mental illness or mild mental disorder. It appears in the physical and mental fatigue, mental tension, psychological contradictions, sudden problems or irreconcilable contradictions of contemporary college students, and the short, light and disappearing changes, or the slowdown is mainly due to the fact that individuals have to drop out of school for a long time, which is more serious. Various forms of psychological barriers are mainly manifested in psychological activities and behaviors. Psychological activities manifested as allergy or decline, such as abnormal somatosensory perception, delusion, hallucination, forgetfulness, paranoia, unfamiliar speech, disordered psychological characteristics, and difficulty in getting along. Behavior and anxiety, indifference, stubbornness, aggression, heavy heart. Despair, even pain, and so on.
Second, the significance of mental health education for college students
1, mental health education is an effective way to improve students' comprehensive quality.
The internal characteristics of psychological quality mainly include individual stable psychological, mental outlook, temperament, personality, emotion and psychological factors, which are the basis for the formation and development of other qualities. Students' pursuit and growth of knowledge is essentially a process of continuous psychological activities and psychological development. The cultural knowledge provided by education to students can penetrate individual personality, from naivety to maturity, only through personal choice. This process is also a process of continuous improvement of individual psychological quality. It has great influence on improving students' comprehensive quality and psychological quality. The psychological quality of students of various styles is the intermediary, creating consciousness, independent personality, enhancing competitiveness, forming and developing ability, and adapting to the formation of psychological quality as the guide. Maintaining good psychological adaptation in a complex social environment is the key to resisting temptation, bearing setbacks and self-adjustment. In this sense, it can be said that the comprehensive quality of powerful college students mainly depends on their psychological quality level, and depends on the success of mental health education in schools.
Mental health education is the basic motive force to promote students' personality development.
The personality development of mental health educators and educatees directly affects the level of individual personality development, and they are closely related. On the one hand, in the process of receiving mental health education, students gradually improve their personality structure according to moral behavior, environment and social expectations; On the other hand, the value of objective existence? As a psychological life itself, it can also be transformed, evaluated and controlled, but at the same time it affects the subject's personality and personality traits. Under certain conditions, the development of personality has risen to a new height. At the same time, mental health education is not the transformation of passive subordinates, but in the process of transformation, it dynamically guides the direction of education, adjusts the self-evaluation of one's own behavior by mastering knowledge, so as to achieve the purpose of psychological optimization and sound personality cultivation.
Mental health education is a reliable way to develop students' potential.
One of the purposes of education is the development potential of education. On the premise that good psychological quality and development potential promote each other, the coordinated development of mental health education creates the necessary conditions. Stimulate the self-confidence of the educated and the self-knowledge of the subject, so as to realize the role transformation at a higher level, develop the ability to adapt to the environment, and may eventually become an all-round mental health education.
Third, the current situation of contemporary psychological problems.
The psychological quality of contemporary college students will not only affect their own development, but also affect the improvement of the quality of the whole nation and the cultivation of outstanding talents across the century. A survey shows that the quality of contemporary people can not meet the needs of social progress and development. What they lack most is psychological quality, which is manifested in weak will, lack of tolerance, adaptability and self-reliance for setbacks, lack of sense of competition and crisis, lack of ability, and lack of confidence and dependence. The reason is that we don't pay attention to the education, cultivation and shaping of people's psychological quality. College students, this is because of self-denial, self-rejection almost lost all desire and confidence to act; Love, suicide or self-abandonment when someone fails or is frustrated in the exam; The reality of cynicism or despair is because of interpersonal communication and getting rid of self-enclosed groups. A large number of surveys show that the main reason for the high incidence of college students is a mental illness, which has become the main disease of college students. The specific manifestations are terror, anxiety, compulsion, depression, emotional crisis and neurasthenia. The annual survey of freshmen's mental health shows that a large number of college students have poor psychological quality and have different degrees of obstacles. In 2002, students from the College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy dropped out of school. Four of them were due to psychological problems, including: 1, girls who pursued them refused and were emotionally unstable; 2. I have long suspected that their classmates are talking behind their backs and look down on themselves, so I dare not face others; 3. Losing confidence in life goals is: Mitty is depressed, depressed, manic and has abnormal behavior. In the end, they can't continue their studies. The common manifestations of college students' psychological problems are environmental pressure, self-awareness obstacle, interpersonal communication obstacle, emotionalization, emotional instability and emotional obstacle. The psychological problems of college students can not be ignored.
Causes of Psychological Problems of Contemporary College Students
On the one hand, students' psychological problems, their own psychological development stage and their social environment are closely related to their quality. 17 years old, 22 years old, 3 years old, very young. Adolescent college students are the most dramatic period of psychological changes in their lives. Due to their immature psychological development and emotional instability, they are faced with a series of physiological, psychological and social adaptation problems, such as conflicts between ideals and reality, between reason and emotion, between independence and dependence, between self-esteem and inferiority, between competition and stability. If these conflicts and contradictions are not solved effectively, clearly and reasonably, they will form psychological barriers over time, especially for contemporary college students. In order to win the fierce competition in the college entrance examination, they almost devote themselves to their studies. The overprotection of their parents, the examination-oriented education in the school and their lack of life experience make these students psychologically fragile, weak-willed, and lack the ability to bear setbacks, which is enough to make them overwhelmed in study, life, making friends, love and career. From environmental factors, the intensification of competition and the acceleration of life rhythm, people feel the sense of urgency and pressure of time; The choice opportunities of personal life goals increase, the internal contradictions of intensified contradictions are difficult to balance, and the anxiety of loss. Confusion, confusion, anxiety and nervousness appear in the changing environment, and the psychological impact of social changes on college students is more complicated and stronger than ever before. Various physiological factors, psychological entanglements and social factors are intertwined, which can easily lead to unbalanced psychological development of students. The natural environment with poor psychological quality can not adapt to the situation of high speed, high technology, high competition and heavy mental burden, and it is easy to lead to various psychological diseases.
1, objectively
Great changes have taken place in study, life and interpersonal relationship compared with middle schools and universities.
1) The tasks, contents and methods of learning have changed. Middle school is the basic knowledge, which aims at preparing for the future, continuing education or employment, and the professional knowledge of the university. The purpose of building the motherland is to mold students into senior professionals. Only a few college entrance examination courses have been studied in 2000. Middle school teachers coach middle school courses every day and hold hands every day. Universities have a strong ability of self-study, thinking and solving problems independently. Students in new universities often don't adapt to this ever-changing study life, and they don't know how to adapt and how long it takes.
2) The living environment has changed. Some middle school freshmen have the experience of sending their students to school, but most of them still go to school, leave school and live in the same family. After entering the university, the class group as the main living environment dormitory becomes the main residential area, and they have to take care of their lives every day. People are usually used to relying on their parents and family, which is true. This change has brought them some mental pressure.
3) Complex interpersonal relationship, not junior high school. Most freshmen live in high schools. From primary school to middle school, they also have some childhood friends. The term of office of teachers is several years, and meetings are held every day. Familiar faces, similar languages and customs constitute their familiar living environment. When I was admitted to college, people around me came from different regions, strangers, different languages and customs, and the idea of changing from busy and close classmates to strangers was beyond words. I'm just a freshman in 17, but I'm not used to it. I feel homesick when I have a holiday, and I feel lonely when I miss my classmates.
4) Attitude towards social change. Middle school and more work and activities are undertaken by a few students under the guidance of teachers. Self-management and club activities of withered students in powerful universities. Students should do their own study well, undertake certain social work at the same time, and care about class collective construction. Newborns often have little workload and lack the initiative to work in their posts, so they can't adapt to such a life. I don't know what to do with their government, and I feel a lot of pressure.
2. Subjective aspects
The contradiction between the material life and spiritual life of newborns with independent consciousness, the contradiction between self-reliance and subjective desire and the possibility and ability of objective conditions. These two reasons make the ability strong, adapt to the new environment, new college students, prone to the following psychological problems:
First of all, complacency and self-satisfaction. In college admission, teachers praise enviable classmates, friends and relatives, some parents celebrate, and some students gradually give way to this narcissistic fighting spirit, leisurely thinking that their elite middle schools and universities will not do badly, so as to relax their requirements and be complacent.
The second is the despair of falling out of favor. Some students are too idealistic and mysterious, and there is a big gap between ideal and reality after entering the university, which leads to disappointment. Some students are top students in middle schools and pay attention to protecting their families and schools. When they enter the university, they will suddenly get serious and feel out of favor.
Third, the psychology of letting go of emotions. Some students have been admitted to the "iron rice bowl" of the university, and their long-term goals have been achieved, their psychological satisfaction and their physical hopes have been rested. Coupled with entering the university, the goal is unclear, the adaptability is not strong, and the competitiveness is weakened. They rest there and have the psychological courage to move on without calling.
Four timidity. Due to environmental changes and indecisive vines, they don't participate in social activities or patronize amusement parks. Doing nothing but studying all day and living a single life hinder the development of personality.
Psychological problems of college students and educational countermeasures
People with psychological quality are not talents, but cultivated by acquired education, and the improvement of psychological quality education plays a decisive role. Our school has carried out a series of work on the exploration and attempt of psychological quality education, and achieved good results, but there are also many shortcomings to be improved. After taking effective educational measures:
1, give full play to the role of school psychological counseling.
School psychological consultation is an important way to promote students' psychological health and optimize their psychological quality, and it is also an important part of psychological quality education. With the passage of time, psychological counseling has been recognized and accepted by more and more colleges and universities, and even middle schools have begun to set up psychological counseling institutions. Psychological counseling can guide students to alleviate inner contradictions and conflicts, and it is difficult to develop their physical and mental potential to solve their sadness. It can help students understand themselves correctly, grasp themselves and adapt to the environment. In recent years, psychological counseling institutions have been continuously improved and the service forms are diverse, and psychological quality education has become the most effective method.
2. Carry out mental health survey of freshmen in order to find and prevent psychological problems early.
The premise of developing psychological quality education is to understand students' psychological quality and have targeted educational measures and programs. Every year, our school conducts a general survey of freshmen's mental health, conducts a mental health questionnaire survey, selects students with psychological symptoms, and invites them to the psychological counseling center for further analysis and diagnosis through interviews. About 10% freshmen were invited for an interview this year. According to the interview analysis, we can distinguish the degree of different types of problems, take different countermeasures and take preventive measures, so that psychological problems can be found early and intervened in time. At the beginning, students will be able to obtain specific mental health.
3. Psychological quality education permeates the subject teaching.
Carrying out quality education through the mind is the inevitable requirement of the teaching method and development of school psychological education. It contains extremely rich psychological education factors and is the content and guidance of social, historical and cultural knowledge, ethics and ideological values accumulated in the teaching process. In the process of imparting knowledge, teachers should focus on students' psychological needs, stimulate students' interest in learning, and tap the intrinsic educational value of deeper knowledge. The knowledge, experience and skills of human history have formed their own spiritual wealth, that is, students who internalize their ideas, life values and good psychological quality, rooted in their persistence.
4. Create compulsory education psychology and enhance self-education ability.
The improvement of psychological quality can not be separated from the mastery of corresponding knowledge, systematically learning psychological, health and health knowledge, helping students understand the law of psychological development, mastering psychological adjustment methods and improving their self-education ability. Quality education depends to a great extent on students' self-education, and influences their self-education ability according to their initiative and positive psychology. Therefore, paying attention to cultivating students' psychological quality education is the ability of self-education.
5. Strengthen the construction of campus culture and create a good social and psychological environment for the healthy growth of college students.
The healthy growth of college students is inseparable from a healthy social and psychological environment and the cultivation of college students' psychological quality, which is a campus culture. National spirit is an important content and condition of campus culture construction, which affects students' psychological development. Good school spirit will subtly optimize students' psychology and the cohesion of students with United national spirit, form the soil quality of collective consciousness and honor, help maintain harmonious interpersonal relationships, and promote mutual communication and help among students. Colorful campus cultural activities cultivate students' optimistic attitude towards life and healthy and cheerful emotional characteristics. Therefore, schools should devote their energy to the construction of campus culture, carry out various forms of cultural, sports and academic activities, form a healthy and positive atmosphere and a relaxed cognitive environment, and help students deepen their self-awareness, develop their personality in an all-round way and improve their adaptability.
2 1 6th century, psychological quality education is the foundation of culture.
The morning bell of 2 1 century has rung, and at the turn of the century, culture has endowed the outstanding talents of trans-century universities with historical responsibility. The core of talent training is to strengthen the education and training of young students' basic quality and improve their comprehensive quality in an all-round way. 2 1 century, we should have good ideological and moral quality, comprehensive scientific and cultural quality and healthy physical and psychological quality, which are coordinated with each other. This is the scientific connotation of healthy personality. We should reflect on past education. People often only pay attention to the quality of technical and cultural knowledge, but ignore the ideological and moral quality, especially the psychological quality. Even though we pay more attention to ideological and political education, mental health education has attracted enough attention to the corner of mental health, resulting in psychological problems of students, seriously disrupting the normal teaching and living order, affecting the overall quality of talents, hindering the realization of higher goals for many rounds, and bringing irreparable losses to the country. Therefore, maintaining a healthy mental state is not only related to the healthy development of students' body and mind, the good development of ideology and morality and the shaping of sound personality, but also related to the overall improvement of talent quality and the overall realization of higher education goals until the smooth progress of modernization.
The improvement of the comprehensive quality of young students with excellent psychological quality plays an important role and will certainly have a positive and far-reaching impact on the quality of talents in the 2 1 century. The all-round development of healthy psychology must have conditions and foundations. It has become an urgent task for higher education institutions to strengthen the education and cultivation of students' psychological quality and comprehensively improve the quality of cross-century talents. 2 1 century is a rapidly changing society, which is influenced by the stirring ideological culture and pluralistic values. Faced with such a complex world, future talents may have a psychological crisis at some point. 2 1 century, psychological endurance will be more severely tested. To achieve this, we must continue to strengthen the psychological quality education and training of adaptive young college students, such as endurance, control, willpower, thinking, creativity and self-confidence, so that they can truly understand that if they want to occupy the future, they must not only have ideological and moral, intellectual and physical reserves, but also be psychologically prepared to overcome various difficulties and setbacks, so as to guide them to scientifically understand themselves, update their concepts, break through time and space and surpass themselves.