Quantitative elements. Although the content of trace elements in human body is very small, it is harmful to human health.
Play an important role. As components of enzymes, hormones, vitamins and nucleic acids, they participate.
The metabolic process of life. In a sense, trace elements are more harmful to the body than vitamins.
More needed. At present, there are more than 20 trace elements, such as iron, iodine, copper,
Trace elements such as manganese, zinc, diamond, chromium, selenium, salt, fluorine, silicon, tin and vanadium are related to the life of organisms.
Activities are closely related.
(1) plays a specific activation center role in the enzyme system.
Trace elements keep the subunits of enzyme protein together or act on the enzyme.
The chemical substance binds to the active center of the enzyme. Iron, copper, zinc, diamond, manganese, aluminum, etc.
Gene linked with coordinate groups or molecules, such as hydrophobic groups, colloidal group, isopyrazolyl groups, pressure groups and hydroxyl groups.
Combine to form a complex, which exists in the side chain of protein.
(2) It plays a specific physiological role in hormones and vitamins.
Some trace elements are components and important active parts of hormones or vitamins.
Without these trace elements, the corresponding hormones or vitamins cannot be synthesized.
The physiological function of the body is bound to be affected. Such as iodine in thyroid hormones.
Diamonds in vitamin B 12 are all such trace elements.
(3) the role of transport elements
Some trace elements can transport common elements in the body. If iron is blood.
The carrier of oxygen in hemoglobin cannot synthesize hemoglobin without iron, and neither can oxygen.
Transportation, tissue cells can't metabolize, and the body can't survive.
(4) regulating the osmotic pressure of body fluids and acid-base balance
Trace elements in body fluids, combined with plasma of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium, can be adjusted.
It can reduce osmotic pressure and body fluid pH, and maintain normal physiological functions of human body.
(5) affecting nucleic acid metabolism
Nucleic acid is the carrier of genetic information, which contains quite a lot of chromium, iron,
Trace elements such as zinc, manganese, copper and nickel will affect the generation of nucleic acid.
Thank you. Therefore, trace elements play an important role in heredity.
(6) Anti-cancer and anti-cancer effect
Some trace elements have certain anti-cancer and anticancer effects. Such as iron and selenium.
Intestinal cancer is resistant to orange agent; Magnesium is effective in treating malignant lymphopathy and chronic leukemia.
Use; Zinc has anti-cancer effect on esophageal cancer and lung cancer; Iodine has effects on thyroid cancer and breast cancer.
Citrus anti-action
Trace elements, in environmental geochemistry, refer to more than 60 elements accounting for only 0.0 1% of the earth's composition, and their contents are generally between1×10-8 ~/kloc-0 /×10-88. In the medical field, from the perspective of human body structure, trace elements account for less than one tenth of the total weight of human body.
The content of trace elements in human body is very small, and the total amount is less than five ten thousandths of body weight. Such as iron, zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, selenium, vanadium and iodine. With the progress of science, people's understanding is expanding, and the number of these trace elements will also increase.
The elements needed by the human body must be supplied by food and drinking water, but neither macro elements nor trace elements are "the more the better" as Han Xin led the troops. In other words, it must be strictly controlled at a certain level, which will have adverse consequences and even cause diseases.
For each essential element, the human body has corresponding enzymes to "control" it, so that the element can be controlled at a certain concentration according to the needs of the human body. If there is a lack of an element in the human body, the enzyme will process the compound of an element and synthesize the chemical compound needed by the human body; On the other hand, if an element is ingested in excess, the enzyme will "excrete" it to ensure that it is within a certain concentration range. This function of enzyme ensures the metabolism and balance of elements.
Because the enzyme content in the body is extremely small, the human body's ability to regulate the metabolism and balance of elements is limited. This requires people to take in the amount of essential elements scientifically, neither too much nor too little, even macro elements. For example, excessive intake of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen compounds such as sugar and fat can also lead to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The same is true of trace elements, such as iron, which is a trace element and the main component of red blood cells. Without it, human hemoglobin is not easy to synthesize, leading to anemia, but once it is too much, it will also get polyferrum, and severe cases will die of "iron poisoning."
It must be pointed out here that some people confuse toxic elements with trace elements and mistake toxic elements for trace elements. This is not right! At the same time, trace elements should not be called toxic and harmful elements. Here are two examples to illustrate:
Selenium is a trace element and indispensable to human body. It has important functions such as anti-aging and anti-cancer. If selenium is deficient, it will lead to myocardial diseases, anemia and other diseases. However, the selenium content in human body should not be too high, which will also cause nausea, diarrhea and neurotoxicity. If the daily selenium intake exceeds 0.000 1g, people will be poisoned until they die. Another example is arsenic. Although the compounds of selenium and arsenic are extremely toxic and the human body needs very little, they can never be called toxic elements.
Another example is that cadmium is a harmful element, which is often mixed with minerals such as copper mine and zinc mine. In the process of smelting, the waste residue is washed into the river (lake) water by rain and absorbed by animals and plants, resulting in cadmium pollution. After entering the human body, it will combine with human protein to form toxic cadmium sulfur protein, which will harm the bone-building function, thus causing osteoporosis, bone atrophy and deformation, and body aches. The pickaxe is the chief culprit of common bone pain on both sides of Shentong River in Japan. 1972, the world health organization announced that the human body lacks the function of expelling cadmium, and the daily intake should be zero, that is, cadmium should not be ingested. So don't call it a trace element just because there is trace cadmium in the human body. In a word, cadmium cannot be called a trace element.
For trace elements, although the human body needs very little, it can't be ignored. Mainly advocate a scientific diet structure and absorb necessary trace elements. There are many only children in China now, and families often overindulge them, leading to partial eclipse and the lack of some elements. This must be noted. Because of the unreasonable diet structure, children in the United States are generally deficient in iron, while children in China are deficient in zinc to varying degrees. According to statistics from relevant departments in Shanghai, 75% of children are deficient in zinc to varying degrees, which is a thought-provoking figure! Therefore, we should advocate that "eating auspicious food is good for our health", and at the same time, we should eat more coarse grains and miscellaneous grains. In addition, children should be warned not to be partial to food, and not to cause excessive amounts of certain nutrients to maintain a nutritional balance.
The main functions of trace elements in human body are:
1? It carries unchangeable elements and brings a lot of elements to various organizations.
2? Act as the active center of various enzymes in organisms and promote metabolism. Enzymes are essential catalysts for many chemical reactions in organisms, but many trace elements are components or activators of enzymes. For example, zinc is related to the activity or structure of more than 200 enzymes.
3? Participate in the role of various hormones in the body. For example, zinc can promote the function of sex hormones, and chromium can promote the function of islets. Iron. The content of iron in human body is about 4-5g. The role of iron in human body is mainly to participate in the formation of hemoglobin and promote hematopoiesis. The content of hemoglobin is about 72%. Spinach, lean meat, egg yolk and animal liver have high iron content.
Copper. Normal adults contain copper100-200mg. Its main function is to participate in the hematopoietic process; Enhance disease resistance; Participate in the formation of pigment. Copper is high in liver, kidney, fish, shrimp and clam of animals. Fruit juice and brown sugar also have a certain content.
Zinc. It plays an important role in many physiological functions of human body. Participate in the synthesis of various enzymes; Accelerate growth and development; Enhance the regeneration ability of traumatic tissue; Enhance resistance; Promote sexual function. The zinc content in fish, meat, animal liver and kidney is high.
Fluorine. It is a normal part of bones and teeth. Can prevent dental caries and osteoporosis in the elderly. Foods with high fluorine content include cereals (wheat and rye flour), fruits, tea, meat, vegetables, tomatoes, potatoes, carp and beef.
Selenium. Adults need about 0.4 mg per day. Selenium has antioxidant and protective effects on red blood cells, as well as cancer prevention. Wheat, corn, Chinese cabbage, pumpkin, garlic and seafood are rich in selenium.
Iodine. Play a physiological role through thyroxine, such as promoting protein synthesis; Activate the enzyme above 100; Adjust energy conversion; Accelerate growth and development; Maintain the structure of the central nervous system. Iodized kelp, laver, marine fish and sea salt are rich in content.
Trace elements are closely related to human health. Excessive intake, insufficient intake or lack of them will cause different degrees of physiological abnormalities or diseases. The most prominent role of trace elements is closely related to vitality, and only the amount as large or smaller as matchhead can play a huge physiological role. It is worth noting that these trace elements must be supplied directly or indirectly by soil. According to scientific research, up to now, it has been confirmed that there are 18 kinds of essential trace elements related to human health and life, namely iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, chromium, selenium, iodine, nickel, fluorine, molybdenum, vanadium, tin, silicon, strontium, boron, rubidium and arsenic. Every trace element has its special physiological function. Although they are very rare in the human body, they are necessary to maintain some decisive metabolism in the human body. Once these essential trace elements are lacking, the human body will suffer from diseases and even life-threatening. It has been reported abroad that the reduction of the total amount of iron, copper and zinc in the body can weaken the immune mechanism (disease resistance), reduce the disease resistance, promote bacterial infection, and the mortality rate after infection is also high. Trace elements also play an important role in disease resistance, cancer prevention and longevity.