Basic introduction of industrial salt
Fine industrial salt "industrial salt" is unscientific. Before the industrial age, people referred to salt, especially the salt used for seasoning in life, rather than the "salt" in chemical science now. However, in real life, quite a few people are not well educated and can't tell the essential difference between "salt" in life and "salt" in chemistry, which leads to frequent incidents of eating toxic salt by mistake and group poisoning.
The salt mentioned in life refers to the salt extracted from seawater, salt ponds, salt wells and salt mines, and its main component is sodium chloride (NaCl
), called sea salt, pond salt, well salt and rock salt. In the past and in the future, human beings depend on these salts to absorb the inorganic salts we need.
With the development of chemical industry and chemical science, the meaning of the word "salt" has been greatly expanded. Middle school chemistry textbooks say that "salt" refers to a compound composed of "metal ions" (including ammonium ions) and acid ions. They have many kinds, different properties, different appearances and different uses.
Because of the importance and high profits of salt, governments of past dynasties have adopted a monopoly policy on salt, so there is a difference between "official salt" and "private salt". In recent years, due to the requirements of nutrition and hygiene, a small amount of potassium iodide (
Kiwanis International (Kiwanis International)
) and other nutrients, so there is a difference between "qualified" and "unqualified" salt. The formulas of these salts are all differences in policy management, but there is no substantial difference in the composition of "salt". Without potassium iodide, there is no difference between "private salt" and "unqualified salt". Although it is illegal, it will not kill people, and there is no difference between "real salt" and "fake salt". Their main component is sodium chloride.
In the chemical industry, crude salt and processed salt are widely used as raw materials to produce chemical products such as chlorine, bleaching powder, caustic soda and soda ash, which are mainly composed of chlorine and sodium. Edible salt and industrial salt have the same chemical composition, but their uses are different. Because crude salt is a natural product, refined salt is also obtained by simple processing of crude salt. Besides the main components of sodium chloride, it also contains many impurities, so it can't be called sodium chloride. Instead, it is customary to use only one word "salt" to refer to those with sodium chloride as the main component, such as crude salt, sea salt, well salt, rock salt, iodized salt, non-iodized salt, refined salt, big salt, broken salt and washed salt. If it is a salt containing other chemical components, be sure to specify its specific trade name or chemical name, such as soda ash, baking soda, alum, ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, etc. And never call it "industrial salt" in general.
I don't know when the name "industrial salt" appeared. My analysis comes from the concept of salt monopoly. As can be seen from the program on May 9th, the refined salt in an old salt base like Zigong is also called "industrial salt". This statement has two negative effects. First, as TV said, "industrial salt" is sulfate and nitrate. The other is more harmful, resulting in frequent intake of toxic salts and mass food poisoning. The reason is that cooks in many places, mostly migrant workers, think that "industrial salt" and "edible salt" are only the difference in quality. When there is no salt in the kitchen, they take what they think is salt (often sodium nitrite), which leads to great disaster. Therefore, the formula of industrial salt must be abandoned, otherwise it will cause endless harm.
Specification document of industrial salt
Terms in industrial salt documents become terms in this standard by referring to this standard. All subsequent modifications (excluding errata) or revisions of dated reference documents are not applicable to this standard. However, parties who have reached an agreement according to this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this standard.
GB/T6682— 1992 Specification and test method for water used in analytical laboratories (NEQ ISO 3696: 1987)
GB/T86 18—200 1 sampling method for main products of salt industry.
GB/T 13025.3 general test method for salt industry-determination of moisture.
GB/T 13025.4 general test method for salt industry-determination of water insoluble matter.
GB/T 13025.5 general test method for salt industry-determination of chloride ion.
GB/T 13025.6 general test method for salt industry-determination of calcium and magnesium ions.
GB/T 13025.8 general test method for salt industry-determination of sulfate ion
Classification of industrial salt products
Sunshine industrial salt is a regular cubic crystal or a particle composed of multiple regular cubic crystals, which can be divided into sunshine industrial salt and refined industrial salt according to the use.
Molecular formula: NaC 1
Molecular weight: 58.44 (according to international atomic weight 1997)
Chemical index of industrial salt
Exponential sunshine industrial salt refined industrial salt
Primary, secondary, primary and secondary industrial salt.
Sodium chloride/(%) ≥ 96.0094.5092.0099.1098.5097.50
Moisture/(%) ≤ 3.004.106.000.300.500.80
Water insoluble matter/(%) ≤ 0.200.300.400.050.6438+000.20
Calcium and magnesium ion /(%)≤0.300.400.600.250.400.60
Sulfate ion/(%) ≤ 0.500.701.000.300.500.90
Test method of industrial salt
Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and water used in the following salt drying methods refer to analytical pure reagents and tertiary water specified in GB/T 6682- 1992.
Determination of (1) appearance
Visual inspection.
(2) Determination of moisture
According to GB/T 13025.3, the residual crystal water in each compound after drying should be added to the water measured by loss on drying method. The calculation method of the compound is as described in 6.7. The remaining crystallization water is calculated by calcium sulfate containing half crystallization water, magnesium sulfate containing one crystallization water, magnesium chloride containing two crystallization waters and sodium chloride containing two crystallization waters.
(3) Determination of water insoluble matter
According to GB/T 13025.4.
(4) Determination of chloride ion
According to GB/T 13025.5.
(5) Determination of calcium and magnesium ions
According to GB/T 13025.6.
(6) Determination of sulfate ion
According to GB/T 13025.8.
(seven) the calculation and test results of sodium chloride index.
According to the sequence of positive and negative ions listed in Table 2, the percentage content of single ions obtained from the above test results was combined, and the sodium chloride content was calculated for the remaining chloride ions.
Table 2
Serial number 123
Cationic calcium ion (Ca2+) magnesium ion (Mg2+) sodium ion (Na+)
Anionic sulfate (SO42+) chloride ion (Cl-)
When water and water-insoluble substances are added to the compounds calculated by the above method, the test results can be regarded as effective when the total result is 99.5% ~ 100.4%.
Rules for inspection of industrial salt
Industrial salt is considered to be the same batch of products produced by the same production process and the same resources.
All indicators in the inspection results should meet the requirements of the corresponding grade of this standard, otherwise they should be downgraded; If any index does not meet the requirements of the minimum level of this standard, the spare sample of this sample shall be taken to re-determine the nonconforming product; If the inspection results still do not meet the minimum requirements of this standard, the batch of products is judged to be unqualified.
Industrial salt shall be inspected by the quality inspection department of the production unit or a qualified quality inspection institution. When the product leaves the factory (field), a certificate of conformity shall be attached, indicating the product name, specification, production unit, production date, grade and number of this standard.
Matters needing attention in the use of industrial salt
Industrial Salt Industrial salt can be packaged or in bulk when it leaves the factory (field). Packaged products shall be marked with product name, specification, trademark, grade, production unit and number of this standard. The transportation should be covered, and the goods that cause product pollution should not be mixed. Products should be stored to prevent dust and other debris pollution and rain.
Commodity specification of industrial salt
I. Sunshine Industrial Salt
Physical and chemical indexes of solarization industrial salt
Project index
Excellent first class, first class, second class
Sodium chloride /%≥96.0094.5092.00
Moisture /%≤3.004. 106.00
Water insoluble matter /%≤0.200.300.40
Calcium and magnesium ions /%≤0.300.400.60
Sulfate ion /%≤0.500.50 1.00
Second, refine industrial salt.
Physical and chemical indexes of refined industrial salt
Project index
Excellent first class, first class, second class
Sodium chloride /%≥99. 1098.5097.50
Moisture /%≤0.300.500.80
Water insoluble matter /%≤0.050. 100.20
Calcium and magnesium ions /%≤0.250.400.60
Sulfate ion /%≤0.300.500.90
Third, liquid salt.
Physical and chemical index unit of liquid salt: gram/liter.
Liquid salt for salt making liquid salt for alkali making
Project Level I, Level II, Level I and Level II
Sodium chloride ≥290280260290280260
Sulfate ion ≤-5.0 10.438+05.0
Magnesium ion ≤-0.6
Calcium ion ≤-2.0
Fourth, snowmelt salt.
Enterprise standard:
Physical and chemical indexes of snowmelt salt ⅰ. Physical and chemical indexes of snowmelt salt ⅱ.
Project indicators Project indicators
Sodium chloride /%≥97.00 Sodium chloride /%≥95.50
Moisture /%≤2.00 Moisture /%≤2.00
Water insoluble matter /%≤0. 10 Particle size 5-2
Five, metal sodium salt
Enterprise standard 1:
Physical and chemical indexes of metallic sodium 1
Project index
Excellent first class, first class, second class
chemistry
Indicator (wet weight) sodium chloride /%≥99.5099.4099.30
Moisture /%≤0. 100. 150.20
Calcium (calculated as calcium)/%≤ 0.100.100.10
Magnesium (in mg) /%≤0.020.020.02
Sulfate (calculated as SO42-) /%≤0.020.030.08
Anti-caking agent potassium ferrocyanide /[Fe(CN)2]4- (mg/kg)≤ 10
Enterprise standard 2:
Physical and chemical indexes of sodium metal II
Project index
Sodium chloride (calculated as NaCl) /%≥99.8
Moisture /%≤0.05
Magnesium (in mg) /%≤0.0 1
Calcium (calculated as Ca) /%≤0.0 1
Sulfate (calculated as SO42-) /%≤0.004
Water insoluble matter /%≤0.05
Barium (calculated as barium) /%≤0.02
Six, in addition to calcium washing salt:
Implement the national standard GB5462-2003.
Seven, snow melting agent
Physical and chemical indexes of snow melting agent
Serial number item index
1, no odor.
2. Characteristic solid: particle size
Liquid: homogeneous liquid (no stratification or precipitation)
3, solution chromaticity, color chromaticity ≤30 degrees, colorless or light color.
4. the 4.PH value is 6.5 ~ 9.0.
5. Water insoluble matter ≤5%
6. Water content a≤5% (refers to free water)
7. Snow melting capacity test ≥ 90% of the snow melting capacity of sodium chloride B.
8. dissolution rate a≥ sodium chloride B.
9. Corrosion test of metallic carbon steel ≤ 50% sodium chloride B corrosion rate.
10. Plant salt tolerance test ≥ 100g/m2c herbs.
1 1, toxicology test The acute oral toxicity test of snow melting agent solution D on mice is actually non-toxic.
12, and the attenuation rate of anti-sliding test is ≤ 10%.
13, heavy metal mercury content ≤0.05mg/kg.
Cadmium ≤ 5mg/kg
Chromium ≤ 50mg/kg
Lead ≤ 50mg/kg
Arsenic ≤ 5mg/kg
note:
A. The items of water content and dissolution rate refer to solid snow melting agents, and other items include solid and liquid snow melting agents. B the sodium chloride used in all tests in this standard is industrial crystal.
C, the mass (g) of the deicing agent sprinkled on the flat land.
D, the concentration of solid snowmelt agent solution is 1ml, the concentration of liquid snowmelt agent solution is 1ml, and all test solutions in this standard are 0.2g/ml (including solid and liquid).
Eight, salt for water treatment
Implement enterprise standards
Nine, bleaching and dyeing salt
Implement enterprise standards
Ocean crystal
Implement enterprise standards
Physical and chemical indexes of sea crystal
Project index
PH value (pH value), (30g/L solution) ≥ 6.5 ~ 8.4
Dissolved oxygen/(mg/L) ≤5.5
Total chlorine /(%)≤50
Water insoluble matter/(mg/L) ≤5.5
Suspended solids /(mg/L)≤ 15
Industrial salt resources
According to the raw materials of salt products, it can be divided into sea salt, well salt and lake salt.
I. Sea salt Sea salt
China is the second largest salt producer in the world, and its sea salt content ranks first in the world. China's coastline starts from the mouth of Yalu River in the north and ends at the mouth of Beilun River in Guangxi in the south, with a total length of 18000 kilometers, which is the main distribution area of sea salt bittern industry. The salt areas in Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong and Jiangsu provinces bounded by the Yangtze River are called northern sea salt areas; The salt areas in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other provinces south of the Yangtze River are called southern sea salt areas. The northern sea salt area has good climate and beach conditions, which is suitable for large-scale production of sea salt and is the main body of sea salt production in China. The mother liquor of solarization salt making is called brine. Seawater is rich in potassium, magnesium, bromine and other elements, which is the raw material for extracting various chemical products.
In May, salt scraping in Shanghai was postponed. The cold weather in the north this year and the rainfall is three times that of last year, which leads to the delay in the desalting of raw salt. At present, sea salt enterprises in Northeast China and North China have begun to scrape salt. It is understood that the current amount of salt scraping is about 20% lower than that of the same period last year. Although the harvest of crude salt in Hebei was not smooth in May, the price trend was stable. At the beginning of the month, considering the listing of new salt, Shandong raw salt enterprises were worried about the backlog of stocks, and the price of raw salt was lowered by 5- 10 yuan/ton. Bad weather, delayed raw salt and tight market supply. At the end of the month, the price of Shandong crude salt will be raised by 5- 10 yuan/ton. At present, most of the supply meets the self-use of chemical enterprises in the province, and a small part is exported. The supply of raw salt in Tianjin and Liaoning is also tight, and the short-term price trend is stable. Enterprises will also wait and see about salt stripping in the market outlook. By the end of this month, the mainstream ex-factory price of Shandong crude salt is 2 10 yuan/ton, and the CIF price to Jiangsu is in 400 yuan/ton; The local ex-factory price in Hebei is 230-260 yuan/ton; The supply of goods in Liaoning market is tight, and the mainstream ex-factory price is raised to 240 yuan/ton; Ex-factory price of Tianjin crude salt is 220 yuan/ton.
Second, industrial salt ore salt
China's wells, mines and salt areas include Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Henan, Chongqing and Anhui provinces and cities. In addition, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong, Gansu, Shaanxi and other provinces also have mineral salts. In recent years, the annual output of mineral salt has reached more than 1 0,000 tons, accounting for more than 1 0.4 of the total national salt output.
Affected by the earthquake, the output of well salt in Sichuan has declined, and the problem of supply and transportation is also severe. This month, the prices of raw materials such as coal used to produce mine salt continued to rise, and the desalination in sea salt producing areas such as Shandong was not smooth, and the raw salt market was in short supply. Driven by both cost and demand, Jiangsu Province took the lead in raising the price of raw salt by 30-50 yuan/ton. Anhui and other places have also made upward adjustment plans, and it is expected that the bullish trend of mineral salt prices will be stronger in the afternoon. At present, the local ex-factory price of well mineral salt in the two lakes region is in 350 yuan/ton; The delivery price of well mineral salt in Sichuan area is 370 yuan/ton; The local ex-factory price of Yunnan market is in 290 yuan/ton; The market price in Jiangsu is basically around 330-350 yuan/ton.
Three. lake salt
China is a country with many salt lakes. It starts from Daxinganling in the northeast in the north, along the eastern end of Yinshan Mountain-Qilian Mountain-north of Gangdise Mountain, with an area of 1km or more? There are nearly a thousand salt lakes in China. Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Tibet are the four provinces with the most concentrated distribution of salt lakes in China, and they are also relatively concentrated areas in the world. Lake salt, as the main salt in northwest China, has developed rapidly in recent years, and its output has reached more than 3 million tons.
Lake salt enterprises were initially affected by the listing of Shandong crude salt, and the price trend was stable. There are many chlor-alkali enterprises in this area with considerable demand. At the same time, the relationship between upstream and downstream of local crude salt is relatively stable. Some local saltworks have their own soda plants with strong internal digestion. Therefore, the relationship between supply and demand in the northwest lake salt market is stable, which also makes the local market stable for a long time. The local ex-factory price in Huyan market is concentrated at 220-240 yuan/ton, and the mainstream price in Qinghai market is 160- 170 yuan/ton.
A major exporter of industrial salt
Akzo-Nobel Company, Dutch Hengluo Salt Factory Akzo-Nobel Company is a super-large multinational company headquartered in the Netherlands, supplying health care products, powder coatings and chemicals to customers all over the world. 1999 global consolidated sales are1300 million USD (1079 million RMB). At the beginning of 2000, Akzo Nobel Company had 68,000 employees in 75 countries around the world. Akzo Nobel is the largest producer of choline chloride in Europe. At present, there are production plants in Holland, Italy and China, and its quality system has been certified by ISO9002.
Company business and products: (1) fibers and polymers. Include polyamide yarn, polyester yarn, viscose fiber, etc. (2) Salt and chemicals. Include chlorine, alkali, VCM, methanol, urea-formaldehyde resin, etc. (3) material. Include synthetic resin, architectural coatings, automotive polish, etc. (4) Health products. Including oral contraceptives, sex hormones, dysfunctional drugs and cardiovascular diseases. Artificial fiber, textile and plastic processing machinery and equipment, engineering plastics, packaging for medical and technical applications, industrial textiles, etc.
Rio Tinto Australia Rio Tinto Group, with a market value of US$ 52.3 billion, is the second largest mining group in the world, second only to BHP Billiton. The company's total assets are divided by region, with 89% concentrated in Australia and North America. In 2004, the company's total turnover was A $654.38+04 billion, and its revenue sources were divided by regions: North America accounted for 25%, Europe for 22%, Japan for 65.438+08%, Australia and New Zealand for 8%, other Asian countries for 22% and other regions for 5%. According to products, coal and iron ore account for 65,438+09%, aluminum accounts for 65,438+07%, copper accounts for 65,438+06%, industrial raw materials account for 65,438+05%, gold and diamonds account for 5% respectively, and others account for 4%. The main business of Rio Tinto and China is two-way trade. It mainly exports raw materials such as iron ore, copper, alumina, nickel, gold, borate and titanium oxide to China.
There are Morton and Cargill in America.
Morton Salt Group, the three major salt companies in North America, is also the largest salt company in the United States. The company is headquartered in the eastern city of Chicago, USA. Since its establishment, 1848 has a history of more than 50 years. Morton Salt Industry Group is composed of Morton Salt Industry Company, Canadian Salt Industry Co., Ltd. and Morton Bahamas Salt Industry Co., Ltd., with an annual sales volume of about 1 1 10,000 tons. There are 9 vacuum salt plants with an annual output of 3 million tons of vacuum salt. Rietmann Salt Factory is the largest vacuum salt producer in the United States, plant 106. At present, the annual output of vacuum mineral salt is 550,000 tons, including 90,000 tons of high-quality salt (99.95% sodium chloride). Windsor Salt Factory has been established for more than 70 years, with an annual output of 230,000 tons of vacuum mineral salt. The main varieties are salt, seasoning salt, softening salt and snow salt.
Mexico
Section 2 Distribution of Main Business in China, Changes and Forecast of Sales Price
At present, China mainly imports industrial salt from Pakistani, German, Mexican and Australian.
Mainly sold to Nanjing, Ningbo, Hefei, Nanning and other places.
The main ports of arrival are Nanjing, Ningbo, Hefei and Nanning.
Quantity: 270,300 metric tons 1.534 million metric tons1.2300 metric tons.
Unit price is 35.65438 USD +08 USD 30.65438 USD +00 USD 27.02 USD 40.06 USD.
A total of 767,600 tons were imported, with an average price of $35.03.
Section III Preliminary Analysis and Forecast of Import Profit and Loss
The CIF price of industrial salt imported from Mexico is US$ 80, including duty-paid price, operating expenses, management expenses and financial expenses.