(2) Preoperative dietary guidance should be given a diet with high protein, high sugar, multivitamins and low fat, and the intake of sodium salt should be restricted. The main and non-staple foods and fruits in food should be scientifically matched and varied to make the food full of color, flavor and taste, so as to increase the appetite of patients. It is advisable to eat digestible semi-liquid food. Prohibit spicy, greasy, cold, rough, fried and other irritating foods, quit smoking and drinking, and avoid bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices. Fasting protein is necessary when blood ammonia is high. Diet should be banned 12 hours before operation. ?
(3) preoperative preparation knowledge guidance? It shows that vitamin k 1 should be used before operation to correct bleeding tendency. The purpose of intestinal preparation 3 days before operation is to inhibit intestinal bacteria and prepare for surgery. Cleaning enema before operation 1 night can reduce the source of blood ammonia and the chance of hepatic coma. ?
(4) Adaptability refers to training and guiding patients to practice defecation and turn over in bed, demonstrating deep breathing and effective cough, teaching family members to massage both lower limbs, and telling them not to adjust the infusion speed and oxygen flow without authorization after operation.