1. Improper cleaning by the operator: Before entering the operating room, the operator needs to disinfect and clean his skin, mainly his arms. Clinically, there are some cases of infection caused by improper cleaning of the operator's arm. If the operator's arm is not properly cleaned, bacteria will spread through the instruments used in the operation, and invade the patient's body through the operation of the incision by the surgical instruments during the operation, thus causing surgical infection.
2. Transmission of medical instruments: invasive diagnosis and treatment devices or equipment, surgical instruments, catheters, endoscopes, ventilators, infusion sets, dialyzers, etc. Contamination by pathogens leads to infection and spread. Once it happens, it will even cause multiple infections in a short time.