Emergency physician specifically refers to the emergency specialist, China's emergency physician professional society by the World Emergency Medicine Association and the Chinese Society of Emergency Medicine management, generally in the emergency medicine department (room) or emergency medicine center as well as emergency wards, including the intensive care unit (ICU) engaged in emergency, first aid and critical care treatment work. Emergency medicine is an emerging discipline developed along with the industrialization and urbanization of modern society, and emergency physicians are known as the guardian of human life and health. Concentrated a large number of medical modern high-tech technology, has been more and more medical counterparts and experts recognized as a new independent specialized disciplines. Its importance is also more widely and fully understood by the community. The reason why it has become a specialty is the medical development and social needs of these two important factors.
Now many large and medium-sized cities, general hospitals and some specialized hospitals have set up the emergency department or emergency room, and equipped with physicians, nurses and other medical personnel. Emergency medicine department (room) or emergency medicine center is the hospital in the most concentrated, the most types of diseases, rescue and management of the heaviest task of the department, is all emergency patients admitted to the hospital for treatment of the road. 90's emergency department highlights the department's characteristics and integrated into the advantages of intensive care, and thus in the modern emergency medical system occupies an important position. 21st Century Modern Emergency Medicine Department has been developed into a collection of emergency, first aid, and intensive care trinity. In the 21st century, the modern emergency medicine department has developed into a large-scale emergency medical technology center and emergency medicine scientific research center that integrates emergency treatment, first aid and intensive care, and can implement one-stop emergency medical service without transfer for emergency, critical and serious patients, therefore, the emergency medicine has been regarded as the symbol of modern medicine, and the emergency doctor has been regarded as the guardian of human life and health. According to the 1986 China Health Yearbook (English edition), 11,497 hospitals above the county level have set up emergency departments or emergency rooms with qualified medical personnel. Instruments and equipment were updated and developed in the direction of specialization, serialization and standardization. However, many hospitals have set up emergency departments only to focus on solving administrative problems. However, what is important for the development of emergency medicine is the training of professionals, the establishment of a perfect emergency medical system and the improvement of emergency medicine, and how to go about it needs to be conceptualized, practiced and summarized by those who are engaged in this profession. There is no ready-made model at present, and it is up to oneself to explore, design and build. International advanced experience can be learned and reference, mainly need to be combined with the actual situation in China, to create a suitable emergency medicine specialty for our society.
Like all professional disciplines in the medical field, clinical experience and lessons need to be analyzed and summarized by professionals. This is one of the necessary conditions for the development and improvement of each discipline. The same is true for emergency medicine, with the difference that at the beginning of its existence, there was a great shortage of physicians specializing in emergency medicine. But its development was rapid. Because it is a new part of the medical sciences, it is inevitable that emergency medicine will develop rapidly as the medical sciences develop. In addition, it is a discipline to solve acute and critical illnesses, and to study how to more quickly, more efficiently, more organized rescue cases of acute and critical illnesses, and deal with "disaster medicine" problems encountered, society needs it, the people need it.
To treat a case of emergency patients, such as neglecting or not paying enough attention to the treatment of the onset of the disease, and timely and safe to send him to the emergency room of the hospital, and in the emergency room is not properly treated, and so on his condition to the stage of critical, and only began to invest a lot of manpower and the use of a variety of advanced equipment to rescue, even if it saved his life, which can not be considered as the main purpose of the modern emergency medicine. It should be able to give proper diagnosis and treatment from the beginning of the patient's illness or at the time of injury, and transfer him safely to the hospital to receive immediate treatment with effective initial diagnosis by the emergency room physician, and then arrange for their return according to their condition. Most of them can go home and continue to take medication and rest, while a few critically ill patients can be appropriately treated or operated, and then transferred to intensive care unit (ICU), coronary care unit (CCU), or specialized wards. This is the current more reasonable treatment of acute illnesses, injuries, the organization of the system, that is, many countries in the international efforts to set up a novel emergency medical system, known as the "emergency medical service system" (Emergency medical service system, EMSS). Although no city in China has yet succeeded in organizing a comprehensive EMSS, it won't be too far away. Many cities are already working in this direction. General practitioners are high-quality primary health care personnel with comprehensive clinical skills and high medical ethics who have undergone specialized training in general medicine and have the ability to work independently to provide individuals, families and communities with convenient and inexpensive quality services in prevention, treatment, protection and health. Carry out general medical services, if there is no dynamic general practitioners to do a solid foundation, the work will lack of anger and motivation, the kind of purely specialized medical service system, is bound to cause chaos in the medical order, and no country's economy can afford.
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) defines a general practitioner as a doctor who provides humanized, primary, and continuous medical care to individuals and families at home, in a clinic, or in a hospital. GPs are experts in primary healthcare due to their long history of working at the grassroots level, where they have accumulated a wealth of practical experience and understand people's mindsets, interpersonal interactions, and the ins and outs of illness. GPs are not only dealing with people with illnesses, but also with a wide range of healthy people. They can make use of all the resources in the community, such as the government, civil affairs, charities, as well as business organizations and neighborhood committees, to solve the specific difficulties of their patients. According to the needs of the disease, they can be properly transferred to specialized or large hospitals for treatment, fully coordinating the relationship between doctors and patients, and taking responsibility for the whole process for the patients. (I) general practitioners/family doctors should have the following characteristics
1, comprehensive knowledge: general practitioners have a comprehensive knowledge of basic and clinical medicine, in addition to sociology, psychology, politics, law, socio-economics, and even religious knowledge, in order to solve a variety of problems and a variety of physical and mental disorders of individuals and groups of health and hygiene issues.
2, noble qualities: general practitioners shoulder the burden of life-cycle health care, every person has a high sense of responsibility and compassion for each issue needs to always stand on the position of impartiality, often encountered some thorny issues, must have a cool head, a good state of mind, and even have the wisdom of the statesman, insight into all the things experienced in front of them, to regulate people's Emotions, so that people's minds are relatively calm, their lives are comfortable, their work is smooth and their spirits are happy. Therefore, in addition to good medical talent, they also need to have a noble character, good cultivation, general practitioners need to make continuous progress throughout their lives.
3, rich life experience: general practitioners are faced with disease and life intertwined issues, is the medical knowledge and social knowledge, humanities edge of the interface, they live in the community, the closest to the residents, not in the hospital within the walls, but from time to time to intervene in the individual and the family, the best understanding of people's lives, understand the aspirations of the people and the family situation, and to obtain and summarize the practice. They gained and summarized from practice a wealth of experience in life. It is due to these that their minds are enriched with a deep understanding of the problems and a strong ability to solve them.
4, excellent management skills: GPs are patient-centered, safeguard the interests of patients, stand at a higher level to observe and manage the problems of individuals and families in the community, and monitor the state of health of the community as a whole, and propose interventions at any time, and consult with the relevant departments (government, business, charitable and other sectors) **** management. For their own workplace clinics, but also to carry out detailed business, personnel, economic management, and therefore in its work in the exercise of excellent management talent, but also only with this talent, can be a good general practitioner. Because of their excellent management of medical care and medical costs, general practitioners have earned the professional title of "gatekeepers" of health care.
5, persistent scientific spirit: with the ever-changing knowledge update, the people's health care needs continue to improve, general practitioners in order to meet the needs of the community and individuals, must be a variety of disciplines continue to learn and research, only with a modest style and rigorous scientific attitude, the constant progress and changes in scientific and social knowledge tireless learning, in order to deal with the community and the population health problems, but also in order to become a qualified health care practitioner. Only by having a humble style and a rigorous scientific attitude, and by studying tirelessly the scientific and social knowledge that is constantly advancing and changing, can one deal with community and population health problems and become a qualified general practitioner. (II) Scope of Practice of General Practitioner/Family Doctor
1. Treatment of common and frequent diseases and general emergencies in the form of outpatient clinics;
2. Pre-hospital treatment of critical and emergency cases;
3. Psychological counseling and treatment of personal and family problems;
4. Management and treatment of infectious diseases;
5. Establishment of family beds and home treatment of family patients;
6. Family patients;
6. Home visits or convenient services for the elderly;
7. Maternal and child health care, health care for the elderly;
8. Health education and health promotion;
9. Community health management, including disease surveillance (endemic, occupational, infectious, and multifarious diseases), multifarious disease risk factor surveys, dietary hygiene, and management of public health hazards;
10. p>
10, coordination of patient referrals, consultations, consultation with specialists, and medical relief and support;
11, cyclical health screening of community populations;
12, management of this sector;
13, personal study, further academic exchanges, conferences and so on.
This shows that the general practitioner is trained in general practice with primary health care specialties, see 1. A general practitioner can manage about 1,000 - 3,000 people or so, he and the specialist doctor to collaborate to complete the health care of the prevention and treatment of I, II, III, according to a study by the World Health Organization, the health care system of general practitioners and specialists in the ratio of 1:1 is more appropriate, while some According to the World Health Organization, the ratio of general practitioners to specialists in the healthcare system is 1:1, while in some countries there are more general practitioners. Difference between general practitioners and specialists General practitioners Specialists Scope of care 1-2 levels of prevention 2-3 levels of prevention Disease classification Common and frequent diseases, early undifferentiated diseases, difficult and serious diseases Medical model Biopsychosocial medical model Biomedical model Population target General population Population according to gender, age, disease group Place of consultation Clinic or other places Hospital Medical viewpoint Focus on people Focus on diseases Service provision All diseases and health problems Specialized diseases Required settings Simple medical equipment Full set of medical equipment Diagnostic tools Clinical skills-based Instrument-dependent diagnostic tools-based Responsibility Full responsibility Responsibility only for diseases that are limited at the time of the visit Physician-patient status Egalitarian, cooperative, authoritative, directive Physician-patient relationship Close, friendship, concordant Loose, non-concordant