Hua Tuo (145 - 208 A.D.), the word Yuanhua, a 旉 (sound fū, Fu), Peiguo Qiao County (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province) people, the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a famous medical doctor. His main work, the lost Qing Nang Jing, is known as the "Sage of Surgery" and the "Ancestor of Surgery", and is often referred to as "Hua Tuo's Reincarnation" and "Yuanhua's Rebirth". The name "Hua Tuo" is often used in later times to refer to a physician with excellent medical skills.
Hua Tuo, along with Dong Feng and Zhang Zhongjing, is known as the "Three Divine Physicians of Jian'an". When he was young, he traveled abroad to study and practice medicine in Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, etc. He studied hard to learn the art of medicine without seeking a career. In 208, he was suspected by Cao Cao and was tortured to death in prison at the age of sixty-three.
After the death of Hua Tuo, later generations to commemorate him, in Xuchang, Henan Province, built a tomb of Hua Tuo. 1752 stone monument engraved with "Han god doctor Hua Cemetery". 1985 All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Branch in Xuchang, held "Hua Tuo Symposium," engraved with "Eastern Han Dynasty, the god doctor Hua Cemetery". Engraved "East Han Dynasty outstanding medical doctor Hua Tuo's tomb" a stone monument. In Shenqiu County, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, there is Hua Tuo Mound, legend has it that Hua Tuo is buried here. 2003, Shenqiu County, the road in front of the mound was renamed Hua Tuo Road.
Foreseeing the condition of the unforeseen. Because Hua Tuo practiced medicine for many years and came into contact with many difficult and complicated diseases, he developed a pair of fiery eyes and was able to magically and accurately predict the development of his patients' conditions. Hua Tuo once treated Chen Deng, the governor of Guangling, the same Chen Deng Chen Yuanlong who put Lu Bu to death in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. At that time, Chen Deng's face was red and irritable, Hua Tuo asked him to prepare a dozen face basins, and then prescribed medicine for him. As a result, Chen Deng vomited out dozens of basins of red-headed worms. Hua Tuo said that Chen Deng had eaten fish to cause this disease. And he told him, "This disease will attack again in three years, and only when you meet a good doctor can you be cured." Three years later, the disease did recur, and because he was not able to find Hua Tuo, Chen Deng died at the age of thirty-nine. From the current medical point of view, Chen Deng was probably suffering from tapeworm. There was another patient, Xu, who was bedridden and was visited by Hua Tuo. Xu said, "Since I asked the doctor to needle the stomach tube yesterday, I have been coughing, and I have been too upset to lie down peacefully." Hua Tuo diagnosed him and said, "This is a misdiagnosis, the needle did not reach the gastric tube, but hit the liver by mistake, the diet will be less and less, and I am afraid that I will suffer an accident after five days." Later, he died just as Hua Tuo had said. There are many such examples, and these two are simply cited here.
Early anesthesia master. Hua Tuo's greatest contribution to Chinese medicine was the invention and development of the earliest anesthetic in China - Ma Bo San. After visiting many doctors and collecting some drugs with anesthetic effects, he finally succeeded in the trial production after many different formulations were developed. He prepared anesthetics and hot wine, the patient took it and lost consciousness, then cut open the abdominal cavity, cut out the ulcers, washed the filth, sewed with mulberry skin thread, coated with divine ointment, four or five days to remove the pain and recovered in a month. Hua Tuo named the drug he developed "Ma Bo". According to the testimony of Japanese foreign scientist Hwaoka Aoshu, the composition of Asaho San includes many ingredients such as Mandragora flower, raw Cao Wu, Angelica sinensis, Angelica dahurica, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, and fried Nanshing. The first anesthetic in the history of the world was "Ma Bo San". Hua Tuo used the wine to take "Ma Bo San" to perform abdominal surgery, this general anesthesia surgery, in the history of Chinese medicine is unprecedented, in the history of world medicine is also a rare innovation.
Surgery first pilot. Because of the "anesthesia", it provides the possibility of surgical operations. Hua Tuo pioneered the use of general anesthesia to perform surgery, and was honored as the "originator of surgery" by later generations. At that time, Hua Tuo was already able to perform surgical operations such as tumor removal and gastrointestinal suturing. His surgeries have been honored throughout the ages. Chen Jiamu's "Materia Medica Monchuan" of the Ming Dynasty summarized it by quoting "The Famous Doctors of All Ages": "There was Hua Tuo in Wei Dynasty, who set up the Sore Section, and cured diseases by picking out the bones, with a lot of miraculous effects." In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there is an account of Hua Tuo scraping the bones of Guan Yu. Said Guan Yu in the battle of Xiangyang right arm for the Wei army poisoned arrows hit, Hua Tuo for Guan Yu cut arm scraping bone, get rid of the poison on the bone, and Guan Yu look unchanged, the operation also play chess with others. This story praises Guan Yu's bravery and strength on the one hand, and illustrates Hua Tuo's medical skill on the other, which has won people's praise and admiration. This is actually a fictionalized story based on facts widely circulated in the folklore. Although Guan Yu had his bones scraped, Hua Tuo had long been dead for more than ten years by the time of the Battle of Xiangfan.
An active explorer of sports and health. Hua Tuo was also one of the founders of medical sports in ancient China. He was not only good at treating diseases, but also especially advocated the way of health care. He once said to his disciple Wu Pu: "The human body wants to get labor, but not to make the extreme ear, shaking the vulgarity of the elimination of the blood circulation, the disease shall not be born, the Household Pivot is immortal." Hua Tuo inherited and developed the preventive theory of "the sage does not cure the disease, but treats the disease before it occurs", and choreographed a set of fitness exercises imitating the postures of apes, deer, bears, tigers, birds and other five kinds of birds and animals - "Five-Animal Play". ". His disciple Wu Pu insisted on exercising in this way, and lived to be over ninety years old with good hearing and eyesight, and complete and firm teeth. As the saying goes, if you want to be healthy, you have to keep your mouth shut and your legs open, and exercise for health is especially important, and it still is today.
There are two accounts of Hua Tuo's death. One is the account in the Records of the Three Kingdoms. Cao Cao dealt with state affairs and had a heavy head wind, so he asked Hua Tuo to specialize in treating him. Hua Tuo said, "This disease is difficult to cure in the short term, and even long-term treatment will only prolong life." Hua Tuo excused himself and went home and then delayed his return. Cao Cao wrote three times to ask Hua Tuo to come back, and finally simply issued an edict ordering the counties to conscript and deport him. Hua Tuo was escorted and delivered to Xuchang Prison in a cart, and after interrogation and verification, Hua Tuo confessed to his crimes and was tortured to death in prison. Another theory is that Cao Cao in Romance of the Three Kingdoms asked Hua Tuo, a famous doctor who had treated Zhou Tai's wounds, to treat his years of headaches, but Hua Tuo believed that Cao Cao's illness would require splitting his head open, anesthetizing him with anesthesia, and performing a major surgery. The suspicious Cao Cao thought Hua Tuo was trying to take advantage of the situation to kill him, so he had Hua Tuo imprisoned and tortured to death on charges of assassination. But in any case, the fact that Cao Cao killed him, an old countryman, does exist.
Hua Tuo was a man of high medical ethics and sympathized with the poor and needy. He did not want to be a government official, but preferred to run around to relieve people's suffering. The Book of the Later Han records that Xun Yu once commented on Hua Tuo, saying, "Tuo's method is really skillful, people's lives are at stake, and it is appropriate to be fully excused."
Mr. Luo Guanzhong has a poem sigh Hua Tuo said:
Huang Qijun
? Written on December 28, 2017 (11th day of the 11th month of the ancient calendar)
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