The industries belonging to the industrial aspect are heavy industry and light industry, of which:
1. Heavy industry can be divided into the following three categories according to the nature of its production and the use of its products:
(1) Extraction (logging) industry, which refers to the extraction of natural resources, including petroleum extraction, coal mining, metal mining, non-metallic mining, and timber harvesting and other industries;
( 2) raw materials industry, refers to industries that provide basic materials, power and fuel to all sectors of the national economy.
Including metal smelting and processing, coking and coke, chemicals, chemical raw materials, cement, man-made boards, and electric power, petroleum and coal processing and other industries;
(3) Processing industry, refers to industrial raw materials reprocessing manufacturing industry.
Including the machinery and equipment manufacturing industry to equip various sectors of the national economy, metal structures, cement products and other industries, as well as for agriculture to provide the means of production such as fertilizers, pesticides and other industries.
2, light industry according to the different raw materials used, can be divided into two categories:
(1) agricultural products as raw materials for light industry, refers to direct or indirect agricultural products as the basic raw materials for light industry.
It mainly includes food manufacturing, beverage manufacturing, tobacco processing, textile, sewing, leather and fur making, paper making and printing industries;
(2) Light industry based on non-agricultural products as raw materials refers to light industry based on industrial products as raw materials.
Mainly including cultural and sporting goods, chemical manufacturing, synthetic fiber manufacturing, daily-use chemical products, daily-use glass products, daily-use metal products, hand tool manufacturing, medical equipment manufacturing, cultural and office machinery manufacturing and other industries.
Expanded:
Related to The Rapid Growth of Our Industry
September 5, 2018 reported that the National Bureau of Statistics released on the 4th of the report on the achievements of economic and social development in the 40 years of reform and opening up: in 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party made the great decision of reform and opening up, and China's industry has since inserted the wings of soaring, and has been developing rapidly with unprecedented vitality and vigor.
Over the past 40 years, China has established a modern industrial system with a complete range of categories, and jumped to become the world's first manufacturing power.
The value added of industry in 2017 was nearly 28 trillion yuan, 53 times more than in 1978 at comparable prices, with an average annual growth rate of 10.8%.
Industrial strength: from a weak foundation to the world's first manufacturing power
Before the reform and opening up, China's industrial foundation was relatively weak, and the value added of industry in 1978 was only 162.2 billion yuan.
After the reform and opening up, the industrial economy has undergone dramatic changes.
The industrial strength has increased unprecedentedly, the competitiveness of products significantly improved, China has become a veritable global manufacturing power.
In 1990, China's manufacturing industry accounted for 2.7% of the world's share, ranking ninth in the world; in 2000, it rose to 6%, ranking fourth in the world; in 2007, it reached 13.2%, ranking second in the world; in 2010, the share was further increased to 19.8%, jumping to the world's first.
Since then, it has been ranked first in the world for many consecutive years.
In 1992, China's industrial added value exceeded the 1 trillion yuan mark, and in 2007 exceeded the 10 trillion yuan mark.
In 2017, China's industrial added value was close to 28 trillion yuan.
The rapid growth of industrial economic strength has made a great contribution to the realization of the Chinese nation's historic leap from standing up, getting rich to getting strong, and to China's growing proximity to the center of the world stage.
Industrial products: from shortage to abundance
Before the reform and opening up, China's production capacity of industrial products was very limited.
After 40 years of development, the production capacity of major products has undergone fundamental changes, realizing a great transformation from shortage to abundance.
Many products are produced from small to large.
The output of energy products such as raw coal and power generation increased by 4.7 times and 24.3 times respectively in 2017 compared with 1978; the output of raw material products such as ethylene, crude steel and cement increased by 46.9, 25.2 and 34.8 times respectively; and the output of automobiles has reached more than 29 million units, ranking first in the world for nine consecutive years.
A lot of product production from scratch to boom.
A large number of home appliances and communication products, such as air conditioners, refrigerators, color TVs, washing machines, microcomputers, tablet PCs, smartphones, and so on, ranked first in the world in terms of output.
In 1980, China's exports of manufactured goods accounted for less than half of the total value of exports, rose to more than 90% after 2000.
Technology-intensive electromechanical products gradually surpassed labor-intensive light textile industrial products as the main export force.
In 2017, China's exports of electromechanical products amounted to 8.95 trillion yuan, accounting for 58.4% of China's total exports of goods, which is higher than the proportion of 20.1% of traditional labor-intensive products in the same period.
Transformation and Upgrading: Accelerating Towards an Industrial Power
Since the reform and opening up, China has implemented policies such as giving priority to the development of the light and textile industry, focusing on the strengthening of basic industries, vigorously revitalizing the pillar industries, and actively developing high-technology industries and strategic emerging industries, and the industrial structure has been continuously adjusted and optimized.
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has adhered to the supply-side structural reform as the main line, and continuously promoted the quality change, efficiency change, and power change of economic development, and transformed the development of the industrial economy from quantitative and quantitative expansion to quality and efficiency improvement.
The innovation-driven development strategy has been pushed forward, and the growth rate of strategic emerging industries has accelerated.
According to the estimation, from 2015 to 2017, the value added of industrial strategic emerging industries increased by 10.0%, 10.5% and 11% respectively compared with that of the previous year, and the growth rate was higher than that of industries above designated size by 3.9, 4.5 and 4.4 percentage points respectively.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), we have been supporting the development and growth of new industries while focusing on the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries.
In 2013-2015, the country **** counted the elimination of backward ironmaking capacity of 48 million tons, steelmaking capacity of 57 million tons and so on.
On this basis, in 2016 and 2017, we dissolved 120 million tons of iron and steel production capacity, 500 million tons of coal production capacity, comprehensively outlawed 140 million tons of "strip steel", and eliminated more than 65 million kilowatts of coal production capacity that had been suspended and slowed down.
Through the application of new technologies, new techniques, new equipment, new materials, and vigorously enhance the traditional kinetic energy.
Carry out quality improvement actions, promote the consumer goods industry to increase varieties, improve quality and create brands; through the in-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy and the strategy of manufacturing a strong country, accelerate the pace of transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and the industry continues to move towards the medium and high end level.
Ownership structure: from a single to a variety of economic components competing for development
Before the reform and opening up, China's industrial ownership structure is relatively single, mainly state-owned industries and collective industries.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the central government put forward the policy of taking public ownership as the mainstay and the development of a variety of ownership economies***, and a variety of economic components competing for development in the market economy.
In the 40 years of reform and opening up, especially since the 18th CPC National Congress, the system and mechanism of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have undergone significant changes, integrating more closely with the market economy, and the quality and competitiveness of SOEs have continued to grow, becoming the top pillar of the socialist economy with Chinese characteristics.
In 2016, state-controlled industrial enterprises owned fixed assets with a total original value of 293,839,000,000 yuan, compared with 319,300,000,000 yuan in 1978, an increase of 91 times.
The core competitiveness of state-owned enterprises has been continuously enhanced, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations of world advanced level have been achieved in the fields of manned spaceflight, moon exploration project, deep-sea exploration, high-speed railroad, commercial aircraft, ultra-high-voltage transmission and transformation, and mobile communications, etc., and the "Eye of the Sky" has been utilized to explore the sky and the sea. The "Eye of Heaven" to explore the sky, "Jiaolong" to explore the sea, Shenzhou to fly, high-speed rail Benz, Beidou network, the first flight of the large aircraft and so on to amaze the world.
Since the reform and opening up, the state's understanding of the non-public economy and the development of related policies has gone through a process from exploration to gradual improvement.
Private enterprises have continued to revitalize and become an important part of the socialist market economy.
In 2017, private industrial enterprises have grown to 2,859,000, accounting for 78.4% of all legal units of industrial enterprises.
They have played an important role in stabilizing growth, promoting innovation, increasing employment, improving people's livelihood and many other aspects.
Foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) have emerged as an important force since the reform and opening up.
In 1980, there were only three foreign-invested enterprises settled in mainland China, and by the end of 2017, the number of foreign and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan-invested industrial enterprises above designated size had grown to 50,000, absorbing 20,886,000 people and accounting for 12.9% and 23.6% of all industrial enterprises above designated size, respectively.