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Title: Logistics Information Technology and Application
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Abstract
According to the functions and characteristics of logistics, logistics information technology includes computer technology, network technology, information technology, etc. Classification coding technology, bar code technology, radio frequency identification technology, electronic data interchange technology, global positioning system (GPS), geographical information system (GIS), etc. Logistics information technology is an important symbol of logistics modernization and is also the fastest growing field in logistics technology. From barcode systems for data collection to microcomputers and the Internet in office automation systems, various terminal equipment and other hardware and computer software are all changing with each passing day. develop. At the same time, with the continuous development of logistics information technology, a series of new logistics concepts and new logistics management methods have emerged, promoting the transformation of logistics. In terms of supply chain management, the development of logistics information technology has also changed the way companies apply supply chain management to gain competitive advantages. Successful companies use information technology to support their business strategies and select their business operations. By using information technology to improve the efficiency of supply chain activities, enhance the business decision-making capabilities of the entire supply chain.
Keywords: modernization; automation; change; competitive advantage
Contents
1. Overview of logistics information 1
1.1. Data , Information and decision-making 1
1.2. Logistics information 1
1.3. Logistics information technology 1
1.4 Application and development of modern logistics technology in my country's logistics enterprises 1
2 Data organization and management technology 1
2.1. File organization technology 2
2.2. Database technology 2
2.3. Database Design 2
2.4. Distributed database system 2
3. Logistics enterprise network technology 2
3.1. Enterprise internal network INTERNET 2
3.2. Logistics enterprise network planning. 2
3.3. Logistics enterprise network design 3
3.4. Logistics enterprise network software design 3
4. Logistics barcode technology 3
4.1. Overview of barcode technology 3
4.2. Logistics barcode standard system 3
4.3. Two-dimensional barcode 3
5.4 Logistics barcode identification technology.
4
4.5. Application of logistics barcode technology 4
5. Logistics EDI technology 4
5.1. Overview of logistics EDI 4
5.2. Structure of EDI system 4
5.3.EDI and INTRENET 4
5.4. Application of EDI in logistics industry 5
6.GIS technology 5
6.1.GIS Overview 5
6.2.GIS Data Organization and Management 5
6.3.GIS System Development and Application 5
7. GPS technology 5
7.1. Overview of GPS 5
8.2. Working principle of GPS 6
7.3. Application of GPS in transportation industry 6
7.4. Application of network GPS in logistics industry 6
8. Logistics and e-commerce 6
8.1. Overview of e-commerce 6
8.2. E-commerce and logistics 6
8.3. Construction of my country’s e-commerce logistics and distribution system 7
8.4. Logistics information and e-commerce security 7
8.5. Application model of e-commerce in my country 7
Main conclusions and shortcomings 7
References 8
1. Overview of logistics information
1.1 .Data, information and decision-making
Data is a basic expression of objective things that can be recorded using identifiable symbols that are used by people to respond to objective things. The data has (1) data name: deadweight tonnage, brand, quantity; (2) data type: integer and character type; (3) data length: 2 bytes, 4 bytes, 3 bytes. The information is expressed by the data objective facts. Information refers to documents, tables, graphics and other forms that are meaningful and useful to people after data processing. Decision-making: 1. Strategic decision-making 2. Tactical decision-making 3. Daily business activity decisions.
1.2. Logistics information
Logistics information refers to the general term for knowledge, materials, images, data, and documents that reflect various logistics activities. ⑴Logistics information in a narrow sense. In a narrow sense, logistics information refers to information related to logistics activities. ⑵Generalized logistics information. From a broad scope, logistics information not only refers to information related to logistics activities, but also includes information related to other logistics activities, such as commodity transaction information and market information.
1.3. Logistics information technology
Refers to the information technology used in all aspects of logistics. It is a variety of technical applications built on computer and network communication technology platforms, including hardware technology and software technology.
1.4 The application and development of modern logistics technology in my country's logistics enterprises
The current situation of informatization of my country's logistics enterprises my country's logistics industry has broad development space and huge market potential. The modern logistics industry It will become an important industry and new economic growth point for my country's economic development. At present, our country has built a comprehensive transportation system consisting of five modes of transportation: railways, highways, waterways, aviation and pipelines. Planning and improvement are carried out in the construction of information technology, the safe operation environment and guarantee system of information, the construction of the financial system, the legal policy environment and the training of relevant professionals.
2 Data organization and management technology
Compared with ordinary three-dimensional applications, the data scale of the virtual building environment is large, the data types are rich and diverse, and the graphic data of the scene is highly complex, which makes data management difficult. and scene description have brought unprecedented difficulties. Highly complex massive three-dimensional spatial data is the main factor hindering its application. Data organization and management technology theory has become a core important content.
2.1. File organization technology
Classification of files 1. Files are divided into system files, inventory files and user files according to their uses: 2. According to periodic operation characteristics, they are divided into Read-only files, read-write files and protected files 3. They can be divided into logical files according to their organization methods and objects. Physical files are divided into regular files and variable-length files according to their fixed or irregular record length. File organization forms.
2.2. Database technology
Because of its powerful functions and flexibility, database is one of the fastest growing fields in computer science and technology and one of the most widely used technologies. Widely used in various fields, it has become an important part of computer information systems. Among many database systems, Visual FoxPro (VFP) is a relational database management system.
2.3. Database design
Characteristics of database design. Database construction is a combination of hardware, software and software. Three points are technology, seven points are management, and twelve points are basic data and technology. The interface with management is called "dryware". Database design should be combined with application system design. Structural (data) design: design the database framework or database structure. Behavior (processing) design: design applications, transaction processing, etc. Design that separates structure and behavior.
2.4. Distributed database system
Distributed database has 1. Data independence 2. Centralized control structure combining self-made 3. Appropriate increase in data reliability and system 4. Global consistency, serializability and complexity. The goal is to adapt to the distributed organizational structure, reduce costs, improve system reliability and availability, and use database resources to improve the utilization of centralized databases and gradually expand capabilities and systems. scale.
3. Logistics enterprise network technology
3.1. Enterprise internal network Internet
Internet, also known as the international Internet, is a combination of communication technology, information technology and A network system integrating computer technology; Intranet is also called an intranet. It is an electronic network based on the Internet that connects various branches and management departments within an enterprise to realize the flow of information within the enterprise.
3.2. Logistics enterprise network planning.
The most important link in the construction of a logistics system is to plan the network organization of the system under the guidance of the basic principles of the logistics system and determine the overall logistics channels and organizational structure from product procurement to final sales. Among them, the acquisition of logistics system construction data and its informatization, the selection of planning models, the location of logistics nodes, and the optimization of transportation routes are important links in building a logistics network. Continuously optimizing and reorganizing the logistics system organization can enable enterprises to save logistics costs and improve customer service levels, and scientific and reasonable network planning is the prerequisite for ensuring the efficient operation of the logistics system.
3.3. Logistics enterprise network design
The number, scale, and geographical relationship of logistics operation facilities actually affect the ability and cost to provide services to customers. Logistics facilities are manufacturing plants, warehouses, operating conditions between docks, and retail stores. Determining how many of each type of facility are needed, where they are located, and what tasks they will perform is a very important part of network design. It must also determine how each facility will carry out inventory operations and how much inventory to hold, as well as where to schedule delivery of customer orders.
3.4. Logistics enterprise network software design
The problem of waste reverse logistics network design is a problem related to economic and social benefits. Taking into account the need to satisfy the public's wishes, a multi-objective integer programming model was established to minimize the total construction cost and minimize the disutility to the public. A heuristic-based two-stage decomposition algorithm is designed to solve the problem, thereby constructing a multi-layer reverse logistics network for waste recycling.
4. Logistics barcode technology
4.1. Overview of barcode technology
An automatic identification technology produced and developed in the application practice of computers. It is designed for automatic scanning of information. It is an effective means to collect data quickly, accurately and reliably. The application of barcode technology solves the problem of data entry and data collection and "bottleneck", and provides strong technical support for supply chain management.
4.2. Logistics barcode standard system
Currently, the barcode standard system is divided into three layers. The first layer includes all barcode standards in the country. The second layer is composed of the first The third layer is expanded from the second layer to 20 aspects. Each aspect is composed of several standards, forming a standard series. The third level consists of specific individual standards.
4.3. Two-dimensional barcode
Two-dimensional barcode technology was developed under the premise that one-dimensional barcode cannot meet the needs of practical applications. Due to the limitation of information capacity, one-dimensional barcodes usually identify items rather than describe them. The so-called identification of items means assigning a code to an item. The code is marked on the item in the form of a barcode and is used to identify the item so that it can be read by automatic scanning equipment. The code or one-dimensional barcode itself does not represent the descriptive nature of the product. information.
5.4 Logistics barcode identification technology.
A barcode is a set of bar and space symbols arranged according to certain encoding rules to represent information composed of certain characters, numbers and symbols. The barcode system is an automatic identification system consisting of barcode symbol design, production, and scanning and reading. It is an effective means of collecting data quickly, accurately and reliably.
4.5. Application of logistics barcode technology
Currently, the types of barcodes widely used internationally include EAN and UPC codes (commodity barcodes, which are used to uniquely identify a commodity around the world. This type of barcode is the most common in supermarkets), Code39 code (can represent numbers and letters, and is most widely used in the management field), ITF25 code (mostly used in logistics management), Codebar code (mostly used in the medical and book fields ), Code93 code, Code128 code, etc.
5. Logistics EDI technology
5.1. Overview of logistics EDI
The logistics EDI business data interaction system is not only customized for logistics intermediaries or production enterprises. The EDI transmission tool must also support the two-way transmission function of multiple routes. The logistics EDI business data interaction system must support data interaction between upper and lower level users, that is, after the upstream user receives the business receipt, it can send it directly to the lower level through the system, and at the same time , point-to-point message and data transmission can also be carried out between business users with a transmission protocol relationship.
5.2. Structure of EDI system
Message generation and processing module The message generation and processing module has two aspects. The first is to accept user contact interfaces and other information systems or The database internally contacts the commands and information of the interface module and generates messages according to the EDI standard; the second function is to accept and process external EDI messages.
5.3. EDI and Intrenet
The use of EDI technology greatly reduces the workload of transferring paper documents and saves the time of information transfer. The use of EDI technology in the international trade of Shenlong and Citro?n has made the transmission of large amounts of data and document information such as orders, shipping notices, invoices, etc. reliable and smooth, reducing inefficient work and non-value-added activities, and allowing both parties to quickly obtain information. , communicate and contact more conveniently, and improve mutual service levels. For most domestic suppliers or distributors, the most economical and practical way is to establish the Internet to achieve the goals of e-commerce, synchronization of operations, and resource sharing.
5.4. Application of EDI in the logistics industry
The purpose of applying EDI in the logistics industry is to assist the smooth operation of related businesses. Logistics EDI users include retailers, suppliers, freight companies, distribution centers, etc. Logistics systems in different industries use EDI to process orders, purchases, orders, shipments, distribution, reconciliations and transfers based on their own business characteristics. For example, retailers use EDI to handle purchases, reconciliations, transfers and other services, while wholesalers use EDI to process purchases, reconciliations, transfers and other services. In addition to the above-mentioned business, EDI is also used to process orders and shipments.
6.GIS technology
6.1. Overview of GIS
Geographic Information System, referred to as GIS (Geographic Information System). As the name suggests, geographic information system is a system that processes geographic information. Geographic information refers to information directly or indirectly related to the spatial location on the earth, and is often called spatial information.
6.2. GIS data organization and management
Effective organization and management of data is the key to the success of GIS system application. It mainly provides the capabilities of storage, query retrieval, modification and update of spatial and non-spatial data. Vector data structure, raster data structure, and vector-raster integrated data structure are the main data structures used to store GIS. The choice of data structure determines to a considerable extent the functions that the system can perform.
6.3. Development and application of GIS systems
The sign that my country’s geographic information system has entered the development stage is the beginning of the Seventh Five-Year Plan. As a government activity, geographic information system research has officially It was included in the national science and technology research plan and began planned, organized and targeted scientific research, applied experiments and engineering construction. Many departments are carrying out geographic information system research and development work at the same time. Geographic information systems are used in resource survey, evaluation, management and monitoring, in urban management, planning and municipal engineering, administrative management and spatial decision-making, disaster assessment and prediction, cadastral management and land use, in many fields such as transportation, agriculture, and public security. Has been widely used.
7.GPS Technology
7.1.GPS Overview
Global Positioning System. Simply put, this is a satellite system consisting of 24 satellites covering the world. This system can ensure that four satellites can be observed simultaneously at any point on the earth at any time, ensuring that the satellites can collect the longitude, latitude and altitude of the observation point to achieve navigation, positioning, timing and other functions.
8.2. GPS working principle
The ground monitoring part includes four monitoring stations, an uplink injection station and a main control station. The monitoring station is equipped with a GPS user receiver, an atomic clock, sensors for collecting local meteorological data and a computer for preliminary data processing. The main task of the monitoring station is to obtain satellite observation data and transmit these data to the main control station.
7.3. Application of GPS in the transportation industry
The current accuracy of GPS cannot reach less than 1 meter, and its development prospects are also very uncertain. However, apart from these factors, GPS has great potential in Still an effective tool in the transportation industry. Although "navigation on the road" is the more eye-catching application of GPS technology in the transportation industry, for GPS receivers, "automatic vehicle positioning" improves the speed at which the vehicle reaches its destination. The AVL system can also be integrated with third-party application software, allowing drivers to use mobile data terminals and customized user software to provide electronic reports after each work or transportation task, instead of providing paper documents, thereby reducing Reduce the amount of paperwork and make information feedback more timely.
7.4. Application of network GPS in the logistics industry
my country urgently needs to strengthen the application of geographical information systems (GIS) and satellite positioning systems (GPS) in the modern logistics industry. Modern logistics is a modern full supply chain management system based on logistics enterprises, with transportation and information as the platform, and involving the entire process of production, circulation and consumption. GPS is the realization of informatization, networking and socialization of logistics. It is an inevitable trend in the development of modern logistics. Usually used in the transportation industry, this will play a positive role in optimizing resource allocation and improving market competitiveness for logistics companies.
8. Logistics and e-commerce
8.1. Overview of e-commerce
E-commerce is Electronic Commerce in English, or EC for short. E-commerce usually refers to a wide range of commercial and trade activities around the world, in the open network environment of the Internet, based on browser/server application methods, where buyers and sellers conduct various commercial activities without meeting, realizing consumers' online shopping, A new business operation model for online transactions and online electronic payments between merchants, as well as various business activities, trading activities, financial activities and related comprehensive service activities.
8.2. E-commerce and logistics
E-commerce promotes the improvement of logistics infrastructure and the level of logistics management. The high efficiency and global characteristics of e-commerce require that logistics must also achieve this goal. For logistics to achieve this goal, good transportation network, communication network and other infrastructure are the most basic guarantee. Only by improving the management level of logistics, establishing a scientific and reasonable management system, and applying scientific management methods and methods to logistics management can we ensure the smooth progress of logistics, realize the rationalization and efficiency of logistics, and promote the development of e-commerce.
8.3. Construction of logistics and distribution system for e-commerce in my country
The modernization of logistics and distribution is the foundation of e-commerce. E-commerce can relatively easily solve the problem of information flow through fast and efficient information processing methods. , business flow and capital flow issues, and deliver goods to users in a timely manner.
Rationalized and modernized logistics can reduce costs by reducing expenses, optimizing inventory structure, reducing capital occupation, shortening production cycles, and ensuring the efficient progress of modern production. Logistics Services 10 Business Flow Under e-commerce, consumers click to shop online and complete the delivery process of commodity ownership, which is the business flow process. But e-commerce activities are not over. Business activities will not end until goods and services are truly transferred to consumers. Logistics is actually the successor and service provider of business flow.
8.4. Logistics information and e-commerce security
Legal merchants can use identity authentication and data encryption technologies to protect merchants’ private information and business data in public*** when conducting online inquiries and transactions. It will not be eavesdropped, tampered with, replaced or illegally used when transmitted over the network. 1. Identity authentication. It adopts two-factor identity authentication technology of digital certificate identity authentication and password authentication. 2. Data encryption When logistics information is transmitted in the network, it is usually communicated and transmitted not in plain text but in cipher text. Only in this way can business confidentiality, reliability and security be ensured.
8.5. The application model of e-commerce in my country
The application model of e-commerce in my country is mainly to convert information into actual productivity. It also needs to continuously tap enterprise capabilities, achieve reasonable allocation of logistics resources, and To achieve supply chain integration and strengthen the construction of the logistics system, especially in logistics and distribution that are closely related to information collection and customer service, it is also necessary to strengthen the application model of management. It is still undergoing continuous reform and development.
Main conclusions and shortcomings
Nationally, with the in-depth development of circular economy, contradictions in the following two aspects have become increasingly prominent. First, in policies, laws and systems bottleneck, my country has not yet established a complete set of policy systems and legal standards to regulate and constrain enterprises, the public and society to follow the development model of circular economy
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