Owner, as long as you both agree, you can do anything as long as it doesn't break the law. For example, during sexual intercourse, you must pay attention to the fact that you must not get pregnant or cause harm to the woman's body or mind. Then you need contraception, and the best one is:
The contraceptive method with safe period plus medicine.
1. Safety period knowledge:
When is the safety period and how to determine it?
1. It is basically safe within seven days before menstruation and eight days after menstruation.
2. Calculation of the safe period:
The day of female ovulation is calculated backwards 14 days from the first day of the woman’s menstruation, 4 days before and 5 days after the 14th day. The sky is the dangerous period. The rest is the safe period. For example, if a woman's menstrual cycle is 28 days, and the first day of her menstrual period is December 2, then the next menstrual period will be December 30 (December 2 plus 28 days), and then the next menstrual period will be December 30 (December 2 plus 28 days). Subtract 14 days from the 30th, then December 16th is the day of ovulation. The ovulation day, 5 days before and 4 days after it, that is, December 11-20 is the ovulation period. Except for the menstrual period and ovulation period, the rest of the time are safe periods. The safe period is not completely "safe". It is recommended that contraceptive pills or contraceptive tools should be used as much as possible during sexual intercourse during the safe period.
3. The possibility of pregnancy during the safe period is very small, only about 1-5% (that is, the probability of not getting pregnant is 95%-99%). Most unintended pregnancies occur when using contraceptives. The rate is 10% (that is, the probability of not getting pregnant is 90%).
2. Medical contraceptive knowledge:
1. The contraceptive principle of emergency (quick-acting) contraceptives, such as Yuting, is to suppress and delay ovulation and adjust the state of the endometrium to force women to The time of your next menstrual period changes. The impact on menstruation is different depending on the timing of taking Yuting:
a. If Yuting is taken in the first half of the menstrual cycle, it will greatly interfere with women’s menstruation and prone to vaginal bleeding;
a. p>
b. Taking Yuting during the second half of the menstrual cycle will have less interference with women’s menstruation.
So, Yuting can only be used as a measure to avoid pregnancy if contraceptive measures are not taken accidentally. It has side effects and should not be commonly used:
1. High doses can cause serious damage to the liver, and if taken frequently, it can cause serious harm to the body.
2. Irregular bleeding or menstrual changes occur. The proportion of progesterone is high. If this medicine is used excessively and frequently, it will cause menstrual disorders;
3. High-dose progesterone can increase early pregnancy-like reactions (such as nausea, vomiting), and may cause vomiting (if Within 2 hours);
4. If you have sex again after taking emergency contraceptive pills, there is still a possibility of pregnancy;
5. If a fertilized egg has formed during the previous sex If implantation has already occurred, emergency contraceptive pills will not be effective.
Special attention:
What are the side effects of emergency contraceptive pills
Opening remarks: Emergency contraceptive pills refer to the period of time after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. , a contraceptive method used to prevent pregnancy. Medicinal contraception is the most commonly used method and is effective within 72 hours after intercourse.
Under what circumstances should emergency contraception be used?
After suffering an accidental injury or having unprotected sex for other reasons;
Contraceptive failure such as condom breakage, Slippage and miscalculation of safety periods, etc.
There are two main types of emergency contraceptive pills currently in use:
First, levonorgestrel (Yuting)
Second, mifepristone (Haodingnuo) Side effects of emergency contraceptive pills:
1. Nausea: levonorgestrel, about 20%; mifepristone, about 6% to 7%. Nausea usually lasts no more than 24 hours.
2. Vomiting: levonorgestrel is about 5%; mifepristone is about 1%.
3. Irregular uterine bleeding: Some women will experience spotting after taking the medicine. Generally, there is no need to deal with it. It is the same as both.
4. Menstrual changes: Some women have early or delayed menstruation. If your period is delayed by one week, a urine pregnancy test should be done to determine whether emergency contraception has failed. Both are the same.
Five. Others: breast tenderness, headache, dizziness, fatigue, etc. These symptoms are generally mild and last no more than 24 hours. Both are the same.
Oral short-acting contraceptive pills
1. Types:
Oral contraceptive tablet No. 1, also called compound norethindrone tablets.
Oral contraceptive tablet No. 2, also called compound megestrol tablets.
Oral contraceptive tablet size 0.
Compound 18A short-acting tablets are also called compound norethindrone.
2. How to take:
The usage methods of these four short-acting oral contraceptive pills are the same. Start taking the medicine on the fifth day from the day of menstruation, and take it every night before going to bed. One tablet, take continuously for 22 days without interruption. Taking the medicine for one month can prevent pregnancy for one month. If you miss a dose, you should take one tablet the next morning and one tablet at night.
3. Precautions:
1. The medicine should be properly kept in a dry and shaded place. Deteriorated, moldy, broken and agglomerated medicines cannot be eaten.
2. Pregnancy, abnormal liver and kidney function, breast cancer and other diseases; deep vein thrombosis; cerebrovascular accident, cardiovascular disease, food diabetes, hyperlipidemia, people over 35 years old and under 35 years old Disabled for women who are heavy smokers.
3. Older women who are expecting to become pregnant must stop taking the medicine for half a year before they can become pregnant.
4. When early pregnancy symptoms such as nausea, discomfort, dizziness, and drowsiness occur, mild cases do not require treatment. As long as you insist on taking the medicine for two or three months, it will disappear naturally. People with severe melon deficiency can take vitamin B6 orally.
5. A few people have irregular and small amounts of vaginal bleeding while taking the medicine. If it occurs in the first half of menstruation, take 1-3 tablets of Huanestradiol every night, and take it at the same time as the contraceptive pill until 22 days after stopping the medicine. If it occurs in the second half of menstruation, take it with the original contraceptive pill until the 22nd day. When some people experience amenorrhea for two consecutive months, they can use other methods of contraception.
Quick-acting oral contraceptive pill
It is suitable for use by couples living apart in two places when they visit relatives for a short period of time. It is also called "visiting pill". It is not restricted by menstrual cycles and family visits, but can be taken as often as needed.
1. Types and usage:
1. Visiting relatives contraceptive tablet No. 1, also called megestrol tablets.
Usage: 1 tablet 4-8 hours before intercourse, 1 tablet at night, and 1 tablet every night for 14 days. After 14 days, you should switch to short-acting contraceptive tablets.
2. Methyl Huannuo quick-acting contraceptive tablets. Also known as 18-A quick-acting contraceptive pill.
Usage: Start taking the medicine the day before intercourse, one tablet every night for 15 days. If the visit lasts for more than 15 days, switch to short-acting contraceptive pills from the 16th day. Those who visit relatives for less than ten days must take medicine for ten days.
3. Anti-pregnancy No. 53
Usage: The woman takes one tablet orally immediately after the first sexual intercourse when visiting relatives, and takes another tablet the next morning, and then takes one tablet after each sexual intercourse, monthly The total amount taken should not be less than 12 tablets. If you have not finished taking 12 tablets after visiting relatives, continue to take one tablet every day. Keep taking one tablet every day and insist on finishing it. If the visit to relatives is extended, you will still need to take one tablet after the first sexual intercourse.
The contraindications, side effects and other treatments of the four family visiting drugs are roughly the same.
2. Contraindications
Suffering from acute and chronic liver and kidney diseases, hypertension, diabetes, tumors, history of severe venous thrombosis, breastfeeding women, less than half a year after abortion Disabled for performers and belly performers.
3. Side effects and treatment
A small number of people may experience nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, weakness and drowsiness after taking the medicine. In early pregnancy symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, weakness and drowsiness, etc., no treatment is required for those with milder symptoms. Irregular symptoms may occur For bleeding, 1-2 ethinyl estradiol tablets can be added for 3-5 days. People who experience amenorrhea can take injections or short-acting oral contraceptive tablets No. 2, 2 tablets a day for 3 days.
Long-acting oral contraceptive pills
A pill taken orally or injected as a contraceptive pill, which can prevent pregnancy for one month, is called a long-acting contraceptive pill.
1. Types and usage:
1. Compound 18A long-acting oral contraceptive tablets, also known as norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol tablets.
Usage: When taking the medicine for the first time, take one tablet each on the fifth day and the twenty-fifth day of menstruation, and then take one tablet on the same day of the second dose every month.
Notes:
1) It is generally better to take the medicine at noon, because the reaction occurs about ten hours after taking the medicine.
2) During the first three months of taking the medicine, you can take anti-side effect tablets, 1-2 times a day, one tablet each time, for 1-3 days.
3) The rest are the same as short-acting oral drugs.
2. Contraceptive injection No. 1, also known as compound hydroxyprogesterone caproate injection.
Usage: Inject 2 ml intramuscularly on the fifth day from the first menstrual period. You can also inject 1 ml each on the fifth and fifteenth days of menstruation. Starting from the second month, 1 ml will be injected every month from the tenth to the twelfth day from the day of menstruation.
Notes:
1) To inject on time, it is necessary to drain out the liquid in the bottle and inject it deep into the muscle.
2) If menstrual changes occur, you can promptly handle them according to the following methods:
Prolonged menstruation. You can take oral contraceptive pills No. 1 or 2, 1-2 tablets a day, for four days to stop bleeding.
Menstrual bleeding. Add 0.0125-0.025 mg ethinyl estradiol tablets daily and take until the next injection date. If the bleeding is close to the next injection date, there is no need to deal with it, and it will usually stop after the injection.
The menstrual cycle is shortened. Take 1-2 tablets of oral contraceptive pills every day 4-5 days before each expected menstruation, and 4-5 days during the period to extend the menstrual period.
If bleeding does not stop after the injection, oral contraceptive pill No. 1 or No. 2 can be taken, 1-2 tablets a day, for four days. If there is bleeding, one injection will be given once a week. On the eleventh day after the injection, you can take birth control pill No. 1 or No. 2, 1-2 pills a day, for four consecutive days to prevent bleeding.
After taking the contraceptive injection, you usually need another injection about fourteen days later. If amenorrhea occurs for two consecutive months, injections should be stopped. Wait until menstruation comes, then calculate the first cycle and start injection again.
2. Contraindications:
The contraindications of long-acting oral contraceptives are the same as short-acting oral contraceptives. Long-acting contraceptive injections are prohibited for patients with liver and kidney dysfunction and breast lumps. Patients with uterine fibroids, hypertension, diarrhoea, and other organic diseases should use long-acting contraceptive injections with caution.
External contraceptive pills
1. Nonoxynol ether external membrane
Usage:
1. Wash your hands every time you have sex Clean it and take a piece of film. Fold it twice into a quarter of the original size, or roll it into a soft ball. Put the medicine film into the deep vaginal opening of the cervix and wait four to five minutes before having sex.
2. Precautions:
1) The drug film is water-soluble and must be stored to prevent it from becoming hard when in contact with water. The drug film becomes hard when exposed to low temperatures. Before use It should be kept warm against the skin.
2) A few people occasionally experience local tingling or itching side effects, which will disappear after stopping the medication and flushing with water.
3) It should not be used if the vagina and cervix are damaged.
Condoms
1. Usage:
Choose the appropriate model (large size 54 mm, medium size 52 mm, small size 50 mm) before use, and After cleaning the air in the small sac at the front end, put it on the head of the erect penis, and then push the rolled part up to the base of the penis. After ejaculation, before the penis softens, hold the mouth of the condom and withdraw the penis and condom together to avoid semen spillage.
2. Precautions:
1) If the condom falls off, ruptures or leaks during use, you should stop having sex immediately, and you can also take a No. 53 anti-pregnancy pill, and continue to take it Three days.
2) People allergic to rubber should not use it.
3) A new condom must be used every time you have sex.
Subcutaneous value-embedding agent
Usage: Select the inner side of the female upper arm, make a small 0.2 skin incision under local anesthesia, and place the value-embedding agent under the skin from the small incision. Arranged in a fan shape.
The drug release amount starts at 50ug/g and drops to 30ug/g after 1 year, and the effect can be maintained for 5 years.
Contraindications: Patients with acute and chronic liver and kidney diseases, tumors, hyperthyroidism, severe hypertension, thrombotic diseases and unexplained vaginal bleeding, epilepsy, suspected pregnancy, irregular menstruation, and often amenorrhea. It is contraindicated for those with a history of pregnancy, those who have not returned to normal menstruation after childbirth or abortion, those who are breastfeeding, or women over 45 years old.
Notes:
1) Keep the surgical site dry for 3 days.
2) Conduct regular follow-up visits to observe drug efficacy and adverse reactions.
Side reaction treatment:
1. For patients with menstrual disorders, take oral ethinyl estradiol tablets, 0.05-0.1 mg each time, three times a day, or oral short-acting contraceptive tablet No. 1 Or No. 2, take one tablet daily for 22 days.
2. For those with amenorrhea, if there are no other symptoms, no treatment is required.
3. A small number of women may experience headaches and weight gain. If the symptoms are not serious, no treatment is required. If the symptoms are more severe, symptomatic treatment is required.
1. The most unsafe method
1. In vitro ejaculation: success rate <30%
Which man can control the explosion and flow of sperm? Hardly. A small amount of semen usually flows out from the urethral opening before ejaculation, and each drop contains about 50,000 sperm. And this is enough to fertilize a woman's eggs. In the most intense stage of sprinting, the timing of withdrawal may be too late because the man is attached to the pleasure, and you may not be able to feel the semen injected.
2. Safe period contraception: success rate <30%
Many women seem to trust the safe period, a purely "natural" contraceptive method, but before that you must first Understand your ovaries, that is, fully understand your ovulation cycle, understand the calculation method of the safe period, and ensure that you have a lot of patience and ensure that you do not have sex outside the safe period, otherwise the "safe period" will be harmful to you It’s just empty talk. Besides, many factors can interfere with our bodies now, such as emotional stress, environmental changes, stress tolerance, etc. The failure rate of contraception during the safe period is particularly high.
The latest Western research has found that sperm can survive in the vagina for up to 8 days. The survival time of eggs varies from individual to individual, ranging from 3 to 10 days. This means that it is actually possible to get pregnant from 8 days before ovulation to 10 days after ovulation, but the probability is lower. Therefore, contraception by calculating the safe period is very unreliable.
When using safe period contraception, you cannot only use the date of your last menstrual period as a reference. It is recommended that you record your menstrual cycle for six months to understand the regularity of your menstruation. Don't believe in the vague concept of "one week before and after menstruation". You cannot simply use the safe period calculation method for contraception in the short term after using emergency contraceptive pills. Calculated safe period contraception does not apply to women whose menstrual cycles are less than 21 days, more than 35 days, or women who are postpartum or breastfeeding.
2. The most unhealthy way
1. Abstinence: 100% success rate
Although the success rate is high, it loses all the fun and is harmful to health. Not necessarily beneficial.
2. Menstrual contraception: success rate <30%
Maybe most people will not get pregnant during menstruation, but what if you are one of the few? And don’t forget, sperm can survive in the vagina for up to 8 days.
Another reason why experts disapprove of menstrual sex is that it increases the incidence of endometriosis. In addition, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy is also related to it. In addition, having sex during menstruation may increase a woman's bleeding, which increases the possibility of anemia.
3. Lactation period: success rate <90%
After delivery, the baby's sucking nipple action can reflexively inhibit the mother's hypothalamus, thereby inhibiting ovarian ovulation. But this method is also unreliable, because if the baby sucks the nipple less, the amount of milk secretion decreases, the milk concentration decreases, or stops breastfeeding, or if the mother is affected by the environment, climate, emotional changes and sexual life, the effect of lactogenic hormone on gonadotropin will be When the inhibitory effect weakens, the ovaries will resume their function from the quiescent state during lactation, discharge mature eggs, and gradually resume the menstrual cycle. According to surveys, 5%-10% of pregnant women become pregnant inexplicably during lactation.
3. The most fashionable way
1. Contraceptive patch: Contraceptive rate 92%-99.7%
This is a medicine that is absorbed and used through the skin Preparations using controlled release systems to exert contraceptive effects. Its biggest advantage is that it is more convenient to use, and the drug concentration in the body is controlled at a relatively low and stable level, thus eliminating the side effects that many women worry about due to excessive drug concentration, such as weight gain, gastrointestinal reactions, etc., and it can To achieve the purpose of long-term contraception.
2. Menstrual regulators and menstruation: the contraceptive rate is 99.7%
Menstrual regulators break the tradition that pregnancy is an absolute contraindication for contraceptive pills. A few days after a woman's menstruation is due, taking this medicine can induce menstrual cramps, and even if she becomes pregnant, it can cause the spontaneous abortion of very early embryos. The main components of menstruation are small doses of estrogen and progesterone. As long as you take the pink active pill for 84 days, you can continue to take the placebo for menstruation needs. In this way, in addition to contraception, women's menstruation can be changed to four times a year. This is undoubtedly good news for women who suffer from dysmenorrhea and anemia caused by excessive menstrual blood.
1. Condoms are the best choice for male contraception.
The success rate is more than 95%, and it can also avoid the spread of diseases and will not have an adverse impact on men's health. Failure may occur due to quality issues and improper usage.
2. Intrauterine device: success rate 94%-99%.
Currently, 156 million women around the world use intrauterine devices for contraception, and 70% of women of childbearing age in Shanghai use intrauterine devices. This is because the intrauterine device is a long-acting contraceptive method and is easy to operate. After wearing it, the contraceptive effect can last for about 5 to 10 years without feeling the presence of foreign objects in the body. In addition, IUDs do not disrupt or participate in the secretion of hormones in the body.
However, if you have genital malformations or tumors, severe dysmenorrhea or heavy menstruation, pelvic inflammatory disease, gonorrhea and severe anemia, heart disease, or a history of ectopic pregnancy, you should not wear an intrauterine device. . There is also a possibility of pregnancy when the IUD is first inserted. Therefore, other contraceptive methods should be used within one to two months after wearing the ring to ensure 100% safety.
5. The least accepted method
1. Subcutaneous implant: 99.9% contraceptive success rate
A half-centimeter incision is made under the skin of the upper arm , insert 2 or 6 small stick-like contraceptive pills in a fan shape. Once implanted, it can last for more than 5 years. However, a significant proportion of women experience irregular menstruation. If you plan to have children within a few years, it is best not to use it.
2. Topical spermicide: success rate 70%-80%
There are many types of spermicides: foam, emulsion, gel, solution and suspension. Before sexual intercourse, roll the pill into a ball and put it into the vagina. It will take effect after it dissolves. It is usually used in conjunction with other contraceptive methods such as condoms or oral contraceptive pills.
6. Oral contraceptives are a good choice
A collection of advantages of female oral contraceptives
◆Except for lactating women, all healthy women Oral contraceptive pills are available for contraception.
◆High efficiency, reliability and safety are the biggest advantages of female oral contraceptives. If taken regularly, the contraceptive rate is above 99%.
◆Reversible, simple and easy - pregnancy can be resumed after stopping taking the medicine. It is more suitable for couples who still plan to have children. Generally, the pregnancy should be resumed half a year after stopping the medicine.
◆ Valuable therapeutic effect - If you have irregular menstruation, heavy menstruation, dysmenorrhea and other discomforts, it is more appropriate to choose short-acting contraceptive pills No. 1 and 2, because they can reduce menstruation. Reduce and relieve menstrual cramps. In addition, oral contraceptives are effective in treating endometriosis pain and preventing cancers of the ovaries and endometrium.
◆ When you find that other contraceptive methods have failed, you can also take combined oral contraceptive pills for emergency contraception.
Know what you know and choose the contraceptive pill that suits you
The main ingredients of female oral contraceptive pills are progesterone and estrogen, which achieve contraception by inhibiting ovulation or preventing the implantation of fertilized eggs. The effect is divided into three types: long-acting, short-acting and quick-acting according to the length of time the drug effect is maintained and the method of taking it.
◆Short-acting oral contraceptives
There are three types of short-acting oral contraceptives: oral contraceptive pill No. 1 (norethindrone), oral contraceptive tablet No. 2 (compound megestrol Tablets) and oral contraceptive pill No. 0. The first two are more commonly used. How to take these three pills: Starting from the 5th day of the menstrual cycle (that is, the 5th day from the day of menstruation), take 1 pill every night. Take it continuously for 22 days. Generally, menstruation will come within 1-4 days after stopping the medicine. Repeat the above method and start a new round of taking medicine, over and over again without interruption.
Note: If there is still no menstruation after stopping the medicine for 7 days, you should start taking the next cycle of medicine from that day. If you have continuous menopause for more than 2 months, you should stop the medicine and check the cause of menopause;
< p>If you miss a dose, you must take another tablet in the morning on the second day to avoid contraceptive failure or breakthrough bleeding;The medicine should be placed in a dry place to prevent the sugar coating of the tablet from deliquescing or falling off, causing excessive dosage. Insufficiency affects contraceptive requirements.
◆ Long-acting oral contraceptives
Compound 18-Norethisterone monthly tablets, Compound 16-Methylchlormadinone monthly tablets, long-acting No. 1 Contraceptive pills. Long-acting birth control pills are generally effective if you only take one pill per month.
The usage of Compound No. 18 YiA long-acting contraceptive pill is: take 1 tablet after lunch on the 5th day of the menstrual cycle, and then take 1 tablet every 28 days; Compound 16 YiA is to take 1 tablet after lunch on the 5th day of the menstrual cycle. Take one tablet every 20 days for the first two times, and then take one tablet every 30 days. Menstruation usually occurs 6 to 12 days after taking the medicine; for Long-acting No. 1, take one tablet on the 5th day of the menstrual cycle, 20 days after taking the medicine. Take another 1 tablet a day later, and then 1 tablet every 30 days.
◆Rapid-acting oral contraceptive pills
Rapid-acting oral contraceptive pills are mainly suitable for couples living in two places to temporarily visit relatives for a short period of time, so they are also called family-visiting contraceptive pills, including norethindrone family-visiting tablets. , including norethindrone visiting tablets, visiting contraceptive pills No. 1, visiting contraceptive pills No. 53, 18-methylethindrone visiting pills and chlorether contraceptive tablets, etc. The taking time of visiting contraceptive pills is not restricted by the menstrual period, but each pill The method of taking it varies: take the contraceptive pill No. 1 for visiting relatives, take one tablet at noon or in the evening on the day when you are visiting relatives and living together, and then take one tablet every night until the visit is over, and then take another one in the morning the next morning, and it cannot be taken continuously for more than one month, within one year. Use up to 2 times;
No. 53 family visiting contraceptive tablets, take 1 tablet after each sexual intercourse, and take another 1 tablet in the morning after the first sexual intercourse; norethindrone family visiting tablets, take every day after the first sexual intercourse Take 1 tablet daily for at least 10 days. If the visit to relatives does not end after taking it for 14 days, you can continue to take short-acting contraceptive tablets No. 1 or No. 2.
Expert advice:
◆Some women experience side effects after taking oral contraceptives: similar to early pregnancy reactions, bleeding, amenorrhea or reduced menstrual flow, increased leucorrhea, stomach pain, headache, and rash Etc., some symptoms will disappear naturally after taking the medicine for 2 to 3 months, or will recover on their own after stopping the medicine. When you feel unwell, it is best to go to the hospital for treatment, listen to the doctor's advice and receive symptomatic treatment.
◆Failure to take medication strictly as required, missing medication, or taking medication at incorrect times will lead to contraceptive failure.
◆Contraceptive failure may also occur if you take other drugs at the same time: antispasmodics, such as chlordiazepoxide; antituberculosis drugs, such as rifampicin; antibiotics, etc., so you should explain the situation to your doctor , take medicine under the guidance of a doctor.
◆Oral contraceptives are prohibited for patients with acute and chronic hepatitis, nephritis, malignant tumors, breast lumps, and diabetes.
◆People with blood diseases and high blood pressure should not use oral contraceptives or use them with caution.
◆People with oligomenorrhea or a history of thromboembolism should use oral contraceptives with caution.
◆It should not be used by lactating women. After a miscarriage, it is best to take birth control pills after menstruation.
◆ Women who have a smoking habit should use birth control pills with caution or use other contraceptive methods.
4 indicators to measure normal menstruation
After girls reach puberty, menstruation begins to "visit" regularly like old friends, but many girls may not know whether their menstruation is normal. You might as well use the following four indicators to measure it:
Period Every woman’s menstrual cycle is different, ranging from 21 to 35 days, and some people have menstruation every 40 days. But as long as there is regularity, it is normal. When girls have menarche, due to incomplete ovarian function, menstrual cycle disorders and irregularities will begin. This is not a pathological phenomenon.
Menstrual period A woman’s menstrual period lasts about 3 to 7 days. The largest amount of bleeding is concentrated in the first 3 days, and then gradually decreases until the menstrual blood is clear. Some people's menstrual blood comes back a little after a day or two after it clears up. This is commonly known as "menstrual bleeding returning". This is also a normal phenomenon. However, some people have menstrual periods as long as 10 to 20 days, with endless menstruation; some menstrual periods are extremely short, passing by in a flash. Both of these phenomena are abnormal.
Menstrual blood volume The amount of menstrual blood flow varies from woman to woman. Generally, 20 to 85 ml is considered normal. If the amount of menstrual blood is excessive, the sanitary napkin will become soaked quickly after changing it, and the menstrual blood may even flow down the legs, which is abnormal. Excessive menstrual blood for a long time can cause anemia. The cause should be found out and seek medical treatment in time.
Menstrual blood color Normal menstrual blood is dark red, viscous and without clots. If the menstrual blood is as thin as water, appears pink, black or purple, or if the menstrual blood is completely clotted, this is abnormal and you should seek medical advice as soon as possible.
***Don’t take abortion as a child’s play, follow these five steps for safe abortion
In September, the number of people going to various gynecological clinics for abortions has increased instead of falling. After questioning some girls who were waiting for surgery, I found that they didn’t know much about abortion, but they were all terrified.
Human abortion is a relatively minor operation, but it causes considerable pain. Especially if you go to a medical institution that does not have the technology and equipment to undergo an abortion, you are undoubtedly risking your life. It can range from infection to non-stop bleeding, or in severe cases, you may become infertile for life, or even endanger your life. How to save women from the pain of abortion surgery? The following important steps should be taken to minimize the harm to the human body caused by abortion.
Step 1: Don’t joke with your life, choose a regular hospital
Take advantage of the two-month long vacation during the summer vacation. Xiaomei and her male classmates went on a trip together and ate the forbidden fruit. Summer vacation is almost over, but Xiaomei finds out that she is pregnant. She was very afraid of being discovered, so she went through some advertisements, took N trains, and came to a very remote hospital. Walking along the narrow corridor, Xiaomei saw a shocking scene: there were two tables and an examination bed in the room, and the trash can under the examination bed was piled with messy used toilet paper. On the table lay some rusty surgical instruments.
It is understood that in some of these backward clinics, only the limbs of the fetus are removed from the abdomen, leaving the fist-sized fetal head stuck in the uterine cavity. In some cases, the uterus is penetrated during the operation. Pelvic adhesions occurred due to postoperative infection. Therefore, women should take good care of themselves and never give up on cherishing their lives just because they are afraid of being embarrassed.
Step 2: Choose the appropriate abortion method
To terminate a pregnancy artificially is called artificial abortion. Generally divided into two types: medical abortion and uterine aspiration surgery.
The outstanding advantage of medical abortion is to avoid surgical damage to the endometrium, which is especially suitable for first-time pregnancies. Those whose pregnancy period is less than 49 days are suitable for medical abortion. The shorter the pregnancy period, the better the effect. Generally speaking, young, childless women often choose medical abortion. But medical abortion also has its shortcomings:
1. The failure rate is about 10%, and those who fail need to undergo curettage surgery. (The longer the pregnancy, the higher the failure rate; those who have had abortion surgery, the failure rate increases.)
2. Possible side effects of drugs include: ① Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc. ②Headache, fever, numbness of palms, etc. ③Lower abdominal pain and anal distension. ④ Effect on cardiovascular system. ⑤Allergic reaction.
3． The amount of bleeding caused by medical abortion is 3 to 4 times greater than that of artificial abortion under normal circumstances.
4. The duration of uterine bleeding in patients with complete miscarriage is about half a month (average 18 days), and about 4% of people may experience severe bleeding.
Uterus aspiration surgery has wider requirements on pregnancy time than medical abortion, and it is suitable for termination between 6 and 12 weeks of pregnancy.
The bleeding volume of uterine aspiration surgery is less than that of medical abortion, and the uterine bleeding time is shorter than that of medical abortion. Generally, the bleeding will be clean within 10 days after the operation. However, it also has disadvantages: there are possible complications of artificial abortion, including incomplete aspiration, leakage, uterine perforation, cervical laceration, postoperative infection, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, abortion syndrome, cervical intrauterine adhesions, and menstruation. Disorders, etc.
According to the different intraoperative anesthesia methods, uterine aspiration surgery can be further divided into two types: ordinary uterine aspiration surgery and painless uterine aspiration surgery. The surgical process is the same, except that intravenous anesthesia is used during the painless uterine aspiration surgery, while only local anesthesia is used for ordinary uterine aspiration surgery. The effects of anesthesia are different: local anesthesia can only reduce pain, while intravenous anesthesia can achieve a completely painless effect.
From the perspective of surgery, the applicable and contraindicated groups are the same, but it is necessary to understand the blood routine and decide when to use which surgical method based on the doctor's advice.
Step 3: Choose the appropriate time for the operation
The appropriate time for abortion is within 6 to 8 weeks of pregnancy. If the pregnancy time is too short, incomplete abortion is likely to occur because the embryo is too small;
If the pregnancy time is too long, the fetus will be too large, the operation time will be prolonged, bleeding will increase, and the trauma to the recipient will also be significantly increased.
Step 4: Make adequate preparations before the operation
After Xiaoqing became pregnant, she was going to have an abortion. She heard that she could not have sex for one month after the operation, so she decided to do it the night before the operation. , Xiaoqing and her boyfriend had another sexual life. After learning about the above situation, the preoperative doctor rejected Xiaoqing's request for surgery and suggested that she undergo an abortion three days later.
Sexual life is prohibited three days before the abortion and within one month after the abortion. People with vaginal inflammation need to be cured before the surgery. Otherwise, it is easy to cause the spread of infection and serious consequences such as pelvic inflammatory disease and adnexitis.
If painless uterine aspiration surgery is used for abortion, you should fast for 8 hours before the surgery.
Step 5: Proper postoperative care
After the operation, Xiaoyun was afraid of being discovered and had a heavy study load, so she was unable to take two weeks off. She felt that she would not do strenuous things anyway. Exercise and sitting in a sitting position should not be much of a problem. As a result, vaginal bleeding continued for more than ten days after the operation. When she went to the hospital for treatment, the doctor told her that it was due to insufficient rest after the operation, which led to poor uterine contraction, decreased resistance, and uterine inflammation.
You should rest for two weeks after abortion. It is not suitable to engage in strenuous physical activities and heavy mental work. You should not take baths or swim for one month after the operation, and avoid eating ginseng, deer antlers, etc. After surgery, the body's resistance decreases, so you should pay attention to local hygiene to prevent the occurrence of infection. You should pay attention to contraception six months after the operation to allow the uterus to recover better.