(a) Suggest the government to implement subsidies
It is an indisputable fact that the incineration plant's daily operating costs are high. It is estimated that in the 33-year loan repayment period, the total cost of the first year of operation is 317 yuan / ton, and later with the interest
Plant site
Interest costs are reduced and decreasing, the average annual cost of disposal is 219.97 yuan / ton, which is landfill disposal costs of two to three times. If calculated according to the selling price of electricity 0.5 yuan/kWh, the total average annual profit is -32.44 million yuan, the investment profit margin is -4.62%.
From the above data, it is easy to see that incineration plants rely only on income from electricity sales and the sale of scrap iron and steel is difficult to maintain basic operations.
Review of domestic waste incineration disposal should start from its system benefits. As can be seen from the table below, landfill disposal of domestic waste, although the operating costs are lower, but it covers a large amount of land and has a greater impact on the environment. Incineration disposal of domestic waste has obvious waste reduction rate, low environmental impact rate and good energy yield rate, the system benefits are very obvious, in line with the requirements of sustainable development strategy, therefore, is still a better method of domestic waste disposal.
1. Municipal and district governments are subsidized on a graded basis
The collection, transportation and disposal of urban domestic waste is divided between municipal and district governments. District-level sanitation management is responsible for the collection and transportation of domestic waste to the transfer terminal (or transfer station), the transfer site to the landfill disposal site of transportation and disposal of domestic waste by the municipal sanitation department is responsible for. The cost of the whole collection, transportation and disposal is about 120 yuan/ton (car-ton), of which the front-end collection and transportation cost is 70 yuan/ton (car-ton), and the back-end transportation and disposal cost is about 50 yuan/ton (car-ton).
After the incineration plant is completed and in operation, the new district will assume full responsibility for the collection, transportation, including disposal of domestic garbage within the district. According to the incineration plant average annual profit -32.44 million yuan, the average disposal of 1 ton of domestic garbage will lose about 90 yuan. Therefore, it is recommended that the relevant departments of the municipal government, will be used for domestic waste transportation, disposal of the latter part of the funding, still according to the original 50 yuan / ton (real tons, the same below), subsidies to the new district government, the difference is borne by the government of the Pudong New Area, and then according to the actual disposal of incineration plant, the subsidies of the two levels of government will be billed together with the incineration plant.
That is, for the incineration plant, it will sign a contract with the government to incinerate and dispose of domestic waste, and according to the actual disposal volume, for every ton of domestic waste disposed of, the government will subsidize the corresponding funds, and the incineration plant will settle with the government on a regular basis. In the initial stage of operation, due to the heavy burden of loan repayment, the number of subsidies should be slightly higher, and then can be reduced year by year accordingly.
2. Government loan repayment, incineration plant independent operation
According to estimates, the operating costs of domestic waste incineration and disposal (excluding debt service) for 101.8 yuan / ton, which consists of the following: raw and auxiliary materials, fuel and power accounted for 7.59%, wages and benefits accounted for 9.69%, repair costs accounted for 50.73%, landfill costs accounted for 22.17%, management fees accounted for 9.82%. And the annual average total cost of domestic waste incineration and disposal is 219.97 yuan / ton, that is, in the total cost of disposal composition, more than 50% for debt service. If calculated on the basis of operating costs alone, the incineration plant's annual operating expenses are only about 37 million yuan.
Based on the electricity sales price of 0.5 yuan/kWh, the incineration plant's annual income from power generation can reach 53 million yuan, plus about 3 million yuan from recycling of scrap metal and other resources, the total income can reach 56 million yuan, so if the price of 0.5 yuan/kWh can be realized, the incineration plant is only burdened with the operating costs, then it is still possible to maintain normal operation.
So, it is suggested that the Pudong Development Group first invest in the construction of the incineration plant through loans and other financing means to reduce the government's one-time investment burden. After it comes into operation, the government will then repay the loan principal and interest in annual installments. If the loan repayment is calculated on the average of 20 years, the government needs to bear the loan repayment fund of about 34.5 million yuan per year.
Another option, it is proposed that the total amount of construction loan principal and interest according to the loan repayment period and the total amount of domestic waste disposed of, amortized to each ton of domestic waste disposal fee, by the government and then according to the total amount of domestic waste actually disposed of in a year, subsidized to the domestic waste incineration plant, and then the incineration plant in years to pay off the loan principal and interest. If calculated according to the 20-year loan repayment period, the construction investment principal and interest amortized to each ton of domestic waste costs an average of 94.5 yuan. That is to say, for every ton of domestic waste disposed of by the incineration plant, the Government subsidizes $95 to repay the principal and interest of the construction investment in installments. The daily operating costs of the incineration plant, on the other hand, will be met by the plant itself.
Discussion
(2) Suggestion to implement a green tariff system
The average feed-in tariff in the city is RMB 0.313/kWh. If the grid management buys the power generated by the incineration plant at this price, the incineration plant will still have difficulty in maintaining normal operation even if the construction investment is repaid by the government over a period of years.
Therefore, it is recommended that the grid management department in accordance with the relevant national policies to support renewable energy, waste incineration waste heat generated electricity, the implementation of a special green tariff system, to increase the purchase price of its Internet. Suggested programs are as follows:
1. Government acquisition
Renewable energy is the future direction of global energy development. As part of biomass energy, the technology of incineration of garbage for power generation is quite mature, and the government does not need to invest a lot of money in development and research. Therefore, it is a more realistic type of renewable energy, easy to adopt and promote.
Shanghai is a high energy consumption city, the promotion of renewable energy is more realistic. As the biomass energy of domestic waste incineration project, the use of mature conditions, can be used as a starting point for the promotion of renewable energy in Shanghai, therefore, it is recommended that the government attaches great importance to the focus of support.
In order to reflect the Shanghai Municipal Government's attention to renewable energy and support, it is recommended that the Pudong domestic waste incineration plant to take the electricity generated by the government to purchase the method, the government to the incineration plant to 0.5 yuan/degree of the price of electricity purchased. This can not only eliminate the incineration plant and power grid management department communication contradictions, incineration plant to achieve a single channel of income, but also reflects the government's support for renewable energy, take a substantial step forward in the implementation of sustainable development strategy.
2. Amortization of tariffs
According to statistics, in 1998 the city's power generation was 42.96 billion degrees. After the incineration plant is put into operation, the net power can reach 107 million degrees, about 1/430 of the city's power generation, will occupy a certain proportion.
From the situation, the use of renewable energy, technically complex, costly; but from the long-term benefits, development prospects, renewable energy will gradually become the mainstream of the future access to energy, the cost with the development of technology and ultimately will be lower than the current energy. In order to achieve such a transformation, we must start from the system benefits, increase investment in supporting the development of renewable energy, and ultimately make renewable energy low-cost to achieve universalization.
Therefore, it is proposed to follow the principle of systemic efficiency and implement a citywide tariff increase by amortizing the difference between the green tariff and the current average feed-in tariff to the city's power grid, i.e., an increase in the current consumer tariff of $0.61/kWh.
According to statistics, the city's electricity consumption in 1998 was 43.02 billion degrees. The incineration plant's annual on-line electricity amounted to 107 million kWh. The proposed green tariff to be acquired from the incineration plant is 0.5 yuan/kWh, and the difference between it and the current average on-line tariff of 0.313 yuan/kWh is 0.187 yuan/kWh, with the total difference amounting to 20 million yuan. Amortizing this $20 million over the 43.02 billion kWh of electricity consumed would require an increase of $0.00046 per kWh.
So, by increasing the current tariff by 0.01 yuan to 0.62 yuan/kWh, an additional 430 million yuan can be collected annually from electricity bills, of which 30 million yuan will be used to subsidize domestic waste incineration plants, and 400 million yuan can be used as the Renewable Energy Development Fund to encourage the development and research of other renewable energy sources.
(3) Suggestions to ensure a continuous supply of domestic waste of high quality and quantity
1. Quality supply - the establishment of a separate collection system suitable for the incineration and disposal of domestic waste
The composition of domestic waste is complex and unstable, and its calorific value varies greatly. The composition of domestic waste directly affects the incineration efficiency.
Removing the non-combustible components of domestic waste before incineration is a very important pre-process to ensure the stability of the calorific value of domestic waste and improve incineration efficiency. This will depend on the sorting and discarding behavior of domestic waste producers and the sorting and collection by sanitation operations.
Disposal of waste
Separate collection of domestic waste in the incineration plant scope is different from separate collection for resource recovery. Separate collection for resource recovery requires that recyclable waste paper, waste plastics, etc. be sorted and then sorted out for reuse. However, these substances are incineration to obtain the calorific value of the basic raw materials, for incineration and disposal of classified collection needs to be adjusted.
It is recommended that the incineration plant within the service area, the establishment of a separate collection system suitable for the incineration of domestic waste disposal. That is, residents and organizations are required to separate household garbage into combustible and non-combustible categories. Burnable garbage includes waste paper, waste plastic, food waste and other things, non-burnable garbage includes waste glass, aluminum cans, scrap iron and so on. They are put into different collection containers as required, or collected by professionals on their doorsteps to ensure the quality of raw materials in incineration plants.
The implementation of separate collection of domestic waste is a very difficult job. It is suggested that first of all, we should increase publicity, so that residents and units can understand its significance and be willing to actively cooperate. Secondly, we should do a good job of pilot work, select the conditions of the community to carry out small-scale pilot, to gain experience, and gradually promote. By the end of 2001, when the incineration plant is officially in operation, it will be fully promoted. Thirdly, incentives and penalties should be formulated. Because the incineration plant operation is uninterruptible, the quality of raw materials is very critical, and therefore with a certain degree of mandatory. Unlike resource recycling collection, with the voluntary nature of self-awareness.
2. Quantity supply - the establishment of collection and transportation network to ensure continuous supply
The incineration plant, not only the requirements to ensure the quality of raw materials, but also the requirement of quantitative continuous supply of raw materials. Because the incineration plant once ignited operation, that is, to ensure that the power grid continuous power supply, can not stop the operation.
It is recommended that sanitation and other garbage collection units, should be strictly contractual requirements, will be sent to the incineration plant quantitative and regular household waste. Incineration plant is required by the contract to audit the delivery of the companies, do a good job visa, return to the relevant government departments, as an important basis for government departments to pay for domestic waste collection and transportation funds.
To do the quantitative and continuous supply of domestic garbage, the key lies in the establishment of a scientific and reasonable domestic garbage collection and transportation network. Due to the incineration plant no waterway transportation conditions, incineration plant waste collection and transportation will be based on land transportation.
Therefore, it is recommended to build a small compressed garbage collection station, rear loading compressed vehicle-based collection system, to each management piece of a large compressed transfer station based on the transfer system, to the large-tonnage (10 tons or more) vehicle transport transfer system synthesized by the scientific network of collection and transportation to ensure the continuous supply of domestic garbage rationing.
(D) suggests a proper solution to the final disposal problem
Life after the incineration of waste disposal, there will still be about 20% of the residue fly ash generated. It is estimated that the incineration plant will produce 76,700 tons of ash and 9,336 tons of fly ash throughout the year. However, the incineration plant does not have the capacity to solve the final disposal problem.
It is recommended that the government implement the final disposal site of ash. Its site selection, construction and disposal operation should be undertaken by the government's professional departments, and the use of the Old Harbor Waste Disposal Site for disposal can be considered for the time being.
It is recommended that a professional ash transportation team be established, and a professional transportation company be responsible for regularly transporting ash to the final disposal site. As it is not appropriate to establish an independent transportation fleet for the incineration plant
Waste disposal equipment
and the operating costs are already very high, it is recommended that the government departments are still responsible for the arrangements, and the existing sanitation and transportation companies can be used to collect and transport the waste.
(E) recommended the development and implementation of relevant supportive policies
1. As soon as possible to introduce the collection of domestic garbage disposal fee
Citizens have the right to enjoy a good environment, the same has the obligation to protect the environment, this obligation to show in the behavior of the sanitation should be actively cooperate with the work of waste classification and disposal; performance of the economic behavior should be borne by a certain amount of domestic waste disposal The cost of waste disposal. Economic measures to a certain extent can awaken people's awareness of environmental protection, standardize people's environmental behavior.
China's domestic has many cities have been levied on the disposal of domestic waste. Such as Beijing, Nanjing, Shenzhen and other places, has achieved obvious environmental and economic benefits. The city is also brewing the collection of domestic garbage disposal fee approach, but the delay was not introduced.
It is recommended that the relevant government departments as soon as possible to introduce the collection of domestic waste disposal fees. According to calculations, if the levy is 5 yuan per month per household, Pudong New Area can collect about 20 million yuan a year. If this levy is used to subsidize the operation of the incineration plant, it is enough to offset the difference between the government's purchase of green electricity.
It was also suggested that the domestic waste disposal fee should be guaranteed to be fully implemented in the incineration plant after it is introduced to ensure that the disposal of domestic waste in the new area is carried out normally.
2. Implementation of relevant preferential policies
Many countries and regions of the domestic waste incineration power generation to take tax incentives and other policy concessions to encourage its development. For example, the United States of America on the corporate purchase and installation of renewable energy equipment, personal income tax reduction; on the corporate ownership of renewable energy equipment, to give corporate income tax exemption; on the manufacture, installation, operation of renewable energy equipment required materials, equipment sales tax credit. China's Taiwan Province of the construction of domestic waste incineration plant to implement preferential loans, tariff-free imported waste incineration equipment and parts.
Domestic waste incineration power generation is also a comprehensive utilization of resources in the category, the state has developed relevant preferential policies, including tax exemption policy, but in the specific implementation of the policy is too general, often encountered in the scope of the definition of the problem. Therefore, it is recommended that the relevant departments to develop corresponding preferential policies for the implementation of the rules, to further refine and improve the scope of comprehensive utilization of resources directory, and seriously implement the relevant policies, so that domestic waste incineration power generation projects can enjoy the national preferential policies have been formulated. For example: corporate income tax can enjoy five five halves policy.
3. As soon as possible to develop the classification of domestic garbage collection methods
In order to make the implementation of Pudong New Area suitable for the disposal of domestic garbage incineration of the classification of the collection of the law can be relied upon, it is recommended that the government departments as soon as possible to develop suitable for the disposal of domestic garbage incineration of the new area of the "classification of the collection of domestic garbage," in order to ensure that by the end of 2001 the incineration plant was completed and operated, the residents, enterprises and institutions can actively cooperate with the good living Garbage classification and disposal, sanitation operations department classification and collection work to ensure that the incineration plant raw material quality supply, improve incineration power generation efficiency.
Technical specifications
The above is through the Pudong New Area domestic waste incineration plant construction project for research, put forward the incineration plant operation of some of the preliminary conceptualization of the program. After the completion of the Pudong New Area domestic waste incineration plant, it will be the largest domestic waste incineration plant in the country, with a certain demonstration effect, and will have a certain impact on the country. Therefore, in addition to combining domestic and foreign domestic garbage incineration plant operation experience, the development of careful and stable operation program, but also to explore some new operation methods, such as capital operation methods, a combination of the new area of domestic garbage collection and transportation, incineration and disposal of high-quality assets, injected into the concept of environmental protection, after the packaging, in our country will soon be opened in the second board (GEM) securities market listing, financing from the capital market, to promote the cause of domestic waste incineration and disposal, and further drive the domestic waste incineration and disposal business. Waste incineration and disposal business, and further drive the development of new garbage industry, grow, and contribute to the cause of environmental protection in the new area