The construction of a perfect old-age service system should be the active participation of the government, society and families (individuals) to form a benign pattern of the government, social organizations, families and the elderly a reasonable burden, *** with the face of the burden of old age. In the future construction of the elderly service system, it is necessary to seize the main contradictions of the construction and the main aspects of the contradictions, and actively explore effective countermeasures for the development of elderly services. 1. The current top priority is to establish and improve the management system and operation mechanism of the construction of the elderly service system (1) Survey case. Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province, in the process of building a senior care service system, the formation of county, town, village three-level service network. At the county level, the establishment of the deputy county mayor as head, the relevant departments as members of the leadership of the work of the elderly services leading group, set up in the Civil Affairs Bureau of the Social Welfare Division, specifically responsible for the county's elderly services for planning, guidance, coordination, supervision and inspection, and relying on the county senior citizen apartments to establish the county elderly services guidance center (two business establishment), the county elderly service for the specific implementation of the county; at the level of the town (street), the establishment of a corresponding leading group, set up a special person to provide elderly service. The establishment of the corresponding leading group to determine the implementation of the work of the responsibility, while transforming the transformation of the old people's homes to upgrade the social welfare pension service center; in the village (community) level, under the leadership of the village (neighborhood) committees, the establishment of home-based pension service stations, services for the elderly. (2) Suggestions for countermeasures. At present, the construction and management of elderly institutions are undertaken by the civil affairs department (the construction and management of privately-run elderly institutions in a few places is undertaken by the Office of the Commission on Aging), and the vast majority of the work of home-based elderly care services is undertaken by the Office of the Commission on Aging. As for the lead department responsible for the construction of the elderly service system, there are no clear regulations yet, and there are both civil affairs departments and departments of aging in various places. According to the functions, personnel and work of the civil affairs and aging departments of each place, the most feasible and effective way is to set up an aging service bureau (or a pension service bureau) in the civil affairs department, which will be co-located with the office of the Commission on Aging, so as to realize resource conservation and maximize effectiveness. At the same time as establishing an efficient management system, it is necessary to conduct a systematic study on the construction of the elderly service system, establish a feasible operation mechanism from both the macro and micro aspects, strengthen the regulatory function of the elderly service industry, improve the management mechanism for access, operation and withdrawal of elderly services, and carry out inspections and assessments of the quality of elderly services. 2. Building a model of senior care service system according to local conditions (1) Investigating cases. Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, in the process of building the elderly service system, issued the "Opinions on Further Accelerating the Development of Elderly Service", vigorously building urban and rural community elderly service places, organically integrating the relevant departments in the community to set up community comprehensive activity centers, party members' activity rooms, retired cadres' home pension service points and other service stations, institutes, rooms, and fields as well as the relevant service agencies and organizations under the jurisdiction of the community to build up a community A "one-stop" pension service platform has been set up to form a community pension service network that is horizontally linked, coordinated by departments and operated by organizations, and provides the urban and rural elderly with a series of services such as housekeeping, information consulting, culture and education, and leisure and fitness services. Tianning Town, Jiashan County, Jiaxing City, the social service center for the elderly in the old people's home on the basis of reconstruction, to achieve pure welfare institutions to the transformation of the regional socialization of the elderly service institutions. The center also hangs Tianning Town, the old people's home, the disabled trusteeship center, the severely disabled care center, disaster avoidance center, home care service center sign, respectively, for various groups of services. The county's Weitang Township Zhongshan Community Home Pension Service Station hangs additional signs of Cultural and Sports Activity Center, Senior Citizen Activity Center, Starlight Senior Citizen Home, Senior Citizens' Association, Senior Citizens' Physical Fitness Association, which provides services for the elderly such as old-age pension payment, life care, utilities maintenance, meals, child care, legal aid, culture and recreation, and so on. In Hangzhou, the municipal level and 8 cities and counties (districts) have established guidance centers for old-age services with the functions of organization, guidance, service and training, 117 townships (streets) have established comprehensive old-age service centers, and 378 communities have established home-based old-age service stations to carry out a number of services, and comprehensively carry out old-age service work. Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, home-based elderly care service guidance station, the use of modern information technology and service hotline, network city, district, street, community level, clear responsibilities and division of labor, and gradually the elderly information to establish a file, to achieve the city's elderly information all-round service. (2) Suggestions for countermeasures. Summarize the practical experience around the world, should adhere to the government-led, social participation, family support of the principle of old age, the establishment of home care as the basis, community services as the basis, institutional care as a supplement, a variety of service modes as a means of various types of elderly care institutions as a platform to meet the needs of the elderly multi-level, diversified, multi-choice service needs of the urban and rural areas covered by the socialization of the old age care system to achieve the diversification of the mode of service, the investment diversification of service modes, investment diversification, popularization of elderly services, and professionalization of service teams. In the construction of an old-age service system, it should be promoted and constructed according to local conditions, based on regional economic conditions, demographic distribution and other factors. In particular, in grass-roots communities and rural areas, an old-age service system that meets the various needs of the elderly in terms of care, culture, education, and legal assistance should be established on the basis of community (home) service centers (stations), with home and custodial living as the form and modern information as the means. To this end, the state must specifically formulate a medium- and long-term plan for the development of the elderly service system, formulate corresponding policies and regulations, and incorporate the construction of the elderly service system into the national economic and social development plan, the action plan for the equalization of basic public ****services, and the government's incentive appraisal index system, so as to comprehensively develop the cause of elderly services. 3. Focus on promoting the development of private elderly care institutions (1) Survey cases. Jiangsu Province attracts and encourages social capital investment in welfare and non-profit senior care institutions by adopting such methods as land allocation, fee exemption and reduction, loan subsidies, bed construction subsidies, bed operation subsidies, awards in lieu of subsidies, and the purchase of services. Cities and counties are required to build a government-sponsored senior citizen apartment or welfare home by the end of 2012, with 300 beds and 150 beds or more, respectively. Currently 70% of cities and counties have already built one. Over the next three years, the government will invest 20 million yuan in guiding funds each year to attract and encourage social capital to invest in the construction of elderly service organizations. In the home care services, Jiangsu Province annually invested 40 million guide funds, through the "award instead of subsidies" form, to encourage the construction of home care service centers. Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, the implementation of the development of elderly institutions policy, to attract U.S. investment in the construction of a set of residence, convalescence, rehabilitation, health care, learning, the moon, entertainment, recreation, leisure as one of the Jiangyin "Sunset Red" Senior Recreation Center, a precedent for foreign investment in the establishment of institutions for the elderly. (2) countermeasures. Although the elderly institutions is a supplement to the elderly service system, but the elderly institutions is the elderly service system needs to invest the largest part of the funds. Generally speaking, the average investment for building one bed in a public elderly care institution is about 150,000-200,000 yuan. If the government continues to expand the number and scale of public elderly care institutions, it will not be able to support them financially. The development of privately-run elderly care institutions can in fact greatly reduce the economic and manpower burden on the Government. Therefore, the government should focus on promoting the development of private elderly care institutions. At present, there is an urgent need for the government to clearly formulate the following three policy measures: First, land preference policy. When planning land, the government should set aside land for the public welfare of elderly institutions. The land for elderly institutions should be allocated or sold at low cost or at preferential rates, depending on the circumstances. The second is the policy of preferential treatment for construction. Construction departments in the approval of new residential commercial buildings, should be provided free of charge in accordance with the provisions of the elderly public **** service activities, reduce or waive the elderly institutions of the urban construction support costs, planning fees; tax and other departments to reduce or waive the elderly institutions of the business tax and income tax, preferential water, electricity, gas, communications and other utility charges. Third, service subsidy policy. Civil affairs, aging, health and other departments should be based on the type of elderly institutions and specific circumstances, the corresponding subsidies (including community elderly service institutions), such as loan subsidies, bed subsidies, awards in lieu of subsidies, etc. . Eligible privately-run elderly care institutions are to serve as designated units for basic medical insurance, raise the wages of caregivers, and subsidize caregiving as a public service position. These policies should be investigated and researched one by one under the leadership of the leading authorities, and corresponding policies should be formulated to introduce the "Regulations for the Promotion of Privately-run Nursing Care Institutions", which include the setting up of a system of approval for privately-run nursing care institutions, a system of management, a system of policy support, and legal responsibility, etc., so as to ensure the healthy development and standardized operation of privately-run nursing care institutions. 4. Standardize the education and training system for elderly service (nursing) personnel (1) Survey cases. Hangzhou gives full play to the roles of all kinds of education and training institutions in society, implements the policy of vocational training subsidies, raises the standard and scope of subsidies for public welfare positions, and vigorously promotes the education and training of elderly care service personnel. Every year, it organizes efforts to train elderly caregivers. Relying mainly on Hangzhou Normal University, training nursing caregivers of elderly institutions and community assistants. (2) Suggestions for countermeasures. First, the civil affairs or aging department should be clearly defined as the business unit in charge of vocational training for elderly services (nursing), rationalize the access system of vocational training for elderly services (allowing enterprises to approve and register for operational vocational training for elderly services in the industrial and commercial administrative departments, so that vocational training for elderly services can be marketized), and formulate a detailed training plan, so that elderly service personnel can obtain vocational skills qualification within a few years. Secondly, the human security department should follow the management of vocational training in the post and telecommunications industry, and give the civil affairs department full authority to issue certificates of vocational qualifications and assess technical titles for elderly service training (with supervision and management carried out by the human security department), and subsidize the training of elderly service according to public welfare posts. Third, the education department should promote the opening of senior care service (nursing) majors in colleges and universities, and train higher-level senior care service management and technical personnel. 5. Playing a good role in social organizations for the elderly (1) Survey cases. 2005, after the establishment of the Association of the Elderly of Jiangsu Province, it actively promoted the construction of a sound five-level network of the Association of the Elderly throughout the province. Aging associations at all levels adhere to the purpose of "advising the Committee on Aging, assisting the work on aging, holding hands with organizations involved in aging, and serving the elderly", and have made positive contributions to old-age services. By the end of 2009, 7 municipalities, 57 towns (streets) and 1,226 villages (communities) in Changzhou City had basically set up organizations of associations for the elderly. These grass-roots organizations of the Association for the Elderly have been working closely around the goal of "six old people", constantly increasing their efforts in grass-roots work on the elderly, serving the elderly wholeheartedly, and becoming an important force in promoting local modernization and building a harmonious society. Tongxu County, Henan Province, Changzhi Town, "Evening Sunset Elderly Association" was established more than 20 years ago, from the establishment of the first few members to the current development of more than 4,000 members, members of the popularity of the surrounding two counties, more than 20 townships, hundreds of villages. The association has five service groups: tourism, arts and culture, law, health and mediation, which provide services for the elderly in rural areas with remarkable results. (2) Suggestions for countermeasures. Elderly service focuses on grass-roots communities and rural areas, and the work of elderly service in grass-roots communities and rural areas can rely mainly on elderly social organizations or the elderly. Because the elderly social organizations or the elderly have sufficient time and enthusiasm for voluntary service, they are the pillar resources of the elderly service. at the end of 2009, China *** there are 436,226 associations of the elderly at all levels, with a participation of 42.27 million people, of which there are 367,163 associations of the elderly at the residence (village) level, 36,973 associations of the elderly at the street (township) level, and 7,865 associations of the elderly at the district (county) level. *** There are 38,002 organizations of various types of associations for the elderly (excluding associations for the elderly), with a participation of 4.94 million people. In the process of construction of the elderly service system, if these large elderly social organizations can be tapped to play out the potential, elderly service work will certainly receive twice the result with half the effort.