2 Hazard Analysis
2.1 Project Overview
2.2 Hazardous Sources
According to the characteristics of the project engaged in the project, the project undertaken is mainly machinery and equipment, electrical welding, work at height and other engineering construction. Production safety accidents that can occur and significant risk factors are fall-at-height accidents, electrocution accidents, collapse accidents, welding injury accidents, vehicle fire accidents, traffic safety accidents, fire and explosion accidents, machinery injury accidents and so on.
3 Emergency Organization and Responsibilities
3.1 Emergency Rescue Leadership Group and Responsibilities
(1) The project manager is the first person in charge of the emergency rescue leadership group, acting as the leader and responsible for the command of emergency handling. The members are respectively composed of commercial manager, production manager, project secretary, chief engineer and electromechanical manager. The minister of safety supervision is the first executive of the emergency rescue, serving as the deputy group leader, responsible for the specific implementation and organization of the emergency treatment.
(2) The production manager is the second person in charge of the emergency team for collapse accidents, the electromechanical manager is the second person in charge of the emergency team for electrocution accidents, and the site manager is the second person in charge of the emergency response for large-scale scaffolding and falling accidents, welding injuries, vehicle fire accidents, traffic accidents, fires and explosions, and mechanical injuries, and is responsible for the cooperation of the organization of the rescue of the corresponding accidents and for the cooperation of the investigation of the accidents. Investigations with the work.
3.2 Emergency response team organizations and responsibilities
(1) rescue team: the team leader by the project manager, members of the safety director, site manager, mechanical and electrical manager, project engineers and project team and subcontracting units responsible for the composition.
The main responsibilities are: organizing and implementing the rescue action plan, coordinating the rescue actions of the relevant departments; timely report to the command department on the progress of the rescue.
(2) safety and security group: group leader by the project secretary, members of the project administration department, the police.
The main responsibilities are responsible for the accident site guard, prevent non-rescue personnel from entering the scene, responsible for the site of the vehicle clearance, maintenance of law and order, responsible for the protection of the personal safety of rescue personnel.
(3) Logistics Department: The head of the team is the secretary of the project, and the members are composed of the project material department, administration department, contract department and canteen.
The main responsibilities are: responsible for mobilizing rescue equipment, equipment; responsible for solving the problem of food and accommodation for all staff participating in the rescue.
(4) medical rescue team: the head of the team consists of project health center doctors, members of the health center nurses, ambulance team.
The main responsibilities are: responsible for the scene of the injured rescue and other work.
(5) Aftercare Team: The team leader is the project manager, and the members are composed of the project leadership team.
The main responsibilities are: responsible for doing a good job on the families of the victims of appeasement, coordination and implementation of the victims' family pensions and hospitalization fees for the injured; do other aftermath matters.
(6) accident investigation team: the leader of the project manager, the company's responsible departments as leaders, members of the project safety minister, the company's relevant departments, the company's relevant technical experts.
The main responsibilities are: responsible for the protection of the accident scene and mapping of drawings, identify the causes of accidents, determine the nature of the incident, put forward countermeasures, such as identified as an accident, put forward the treatment of those responsible for the accident.
4 Prevention and Early Warning
4.1 Prevention
4.1.1 Preventive measures against falling from height
(1) Strengthen the education of safety self-protection awareness, and strengthen the management of the use of safety protection equipment.
(2) key parts of the project, the strict implementation of safety management professionals to monitor the system.
(3) with the construction progress, improve the safety protection facilities in a timely manner, all types of shaft safety door bar must be set up warning signs.
(4) all kinds of scaffolding and vertical transportation equipment erection, installation is completed, without acceptance prohibit the use.
(5) safety professionals, strengthen the safety protection facilities inspection, found that the hidden danger of timely implementation of the solution.
4.1.2 Preventive measures for fire and explosion accidents
Construction sites should formulate programs according to the specific conditions of their respective construction projects, and establish fire safety systems and operating procedures for safe construction.
(1) according to the specific conditions of the construction of fire protection program, the establishment of a sound fire safety system, strict compliance with the operating procedures.
(2) In the project site shall not store paint, thinning materials and other flammable and explosive substances.
(3) The construction unit shall not set up a mixing room within the project, and shall not carry out the mixing of paints within the project.
(4) the project site is strictly prohibited smoking, the use of all kinds of open-flame operations should be issued a fire permit and set up a person to monitor.
(5) The work site should be equipped with adequate fire-fighting equipment.
(6) During the construction period, the use of all kinds of open-flame operations within the project should be approved by the project manager of the construction unit of the Department of Fire Protection, and should be equipped with adequate fire extinguishing materials and fire fighting equipment.
(7) It is strictly prohibited to store oxygen and acetylene cylinders in the construction site.
(8) Oxygen and acetylene cylinders should be kept at a distance of 10 meters from the ignition point during construction work, and the distance between oxygen and acetylene cylinders should be kept at a distance of more than 5 meters.
(9) electric and gas welding operations to obtain a fire certificate, and set up a person to watch over the construction site should be equipped with adequate fire fighting equipment.
(10) operators must hold a license, to the project manager for the relevant personnel for the fire certificate, and according to the requirements of the work area flammable and explosive materials to clean up, there may be splashing down the sparks of the holes to take measures to seal.
4.1.3 Preventive measures for electric shock accident
(1) Adhere to the licensed electrical professionals, non-electrical professionals are not allowed to carry out the replacement or repair of any electrical parts.
(2) Establish a temporary electricity inspection system, inspect and randomly check various lines and facilities on site according to the temporary electricity management regulations, and file the inspection and random inspection records.
(3) The inspectors and operators must wear insulated rubber shoes and insulated gloves according to the regulations; special insulated tools for electricians must be used.
(4) temporary distribution lines must be set up in accordance with the norms, the overhead line must be from the use of insulated wires, not plastic soft line, not into a bundle of overhead laying, not along the ground open laying.
(5) construction site temporary power set up and use must comply with the "construction site temporary power safety technical specifications" (JGJ46-88) regulations.
(6) Construction machinery, vehicles and personnel, should maintain a safe distance from the line. Failure to reach the required minimum distance, must use reliable protective measures.
(7) The power distribution system must implement graded power distribution. The internal setting of all the electric gate box in the site must comply with the relevant provisions, the electrical appliances in the box must be reliable, intact, its selection, the value should be in line with the relevant provisions, switching appliances should be labeled with the purpose. The electrical system in the electric switch box needs to be unified style, unified configuration, the box body is uniformly painted orange, and set up fences and protective shelters according to the regulations, the connection between the mobile box and the upper level electric switch box, using the external application of the connection mode (all electric boxes must use the designated manufacturer's certified products).
(8) all distribution boxes at the site should be labeled with the name of the box, the control of each line designation, number, use, etc..
(9) should keep the power distribution lines and distribution boxes and switch boxes in the cable, wire to ground insulation is good, there shall be no broken, hard, with elevator exposed, wire extrusion, corrosion, leakage, and other hidden dangers, in case of a sudden accident.
(10) independent power distribution system must be used three-phase five-wire zero protection system, non-independent system can be based on the actual situation of the site to take the corresponding zero or grounding protection. All kinds of electrical equipment and electric power construction machinery metal casing, metal support and base must be taken according to the provisions of a reliable zero or grounding protection.
(11) in taking the grounding and zero protection, at the same time, must set up two levels of leakage protection device, the implementation of graded protection, the formation of a complete protection system. Leakage protection device selection should be in accordance with the provisions.
(12) In order to ensure that the site lighting is not interrupted in case of fire and other emergencies, the power switch and the lighting switch in the distribution box must be used separately.
(13) The switch box should be distributed by the sub-distribution box. Note that a switch to control more than two sets of electrical equipment may not be a gate for multiple use, each device should be by the respective switch box, it is strictly prohibited a switch to control more than two sets of electrical equipment (including sockets) to ensure safety.
(14) power distribution box and switch box should be around two people working at the same time enough space and access, do not pile up construction materials and debris next to the box.
(15) all kinds of tall facilities must be installed in accordance with the provisions of the lightning device.
(16) The distance between the sub-distribution box and the switch box shall not exceed 30 meters; the switch box and the electrical equipment it controls shall not be more than 3 meters apart.
(17) the use of power tools should be consistent with the relevant provisions of national standards. Tools of the power cord, plugs and sockets should be intact, the power cord shall not be arbitrarily long and swap, the tool's external insulation should be intact, maintenance and custody of a person in charge.
(18) the construction site lighting is generally 220V power lighting, structure construction, should be pre-buried pipe in the roof construction, temporary lighting and power supply should be wired through the pipe, must be installed in accordance with the provisions of the lamps and lanterns, and in the power supply side of the installation of leakage protector.
(19) welding machine should be a separate switch. Welding machine shell should do zero or grounding protection. All welding machines used in the construction site must be retrofitted with welding machine electric shock protector. Wiring should be crimped firmly, and install a reliable protective cover. Welding handle wire should be double line in place, shall not borrow metal pipes, metal scaffolding, track and structural steel as the circuit ground. Welding handle wire is not broken, good insulation. Welding machine set point should be moisture-proof, rain-proof, smash-proof.
4.2 Information Reporting
(1) The person who found the accident should immediately report to the team leader (deputy team leader). If it is a fire accident, must at the same time call 119 to the public security and fire departments, first aid to dial 120, 999.
(2) The team leader receives the alarm, notify the deputy team leader, team members, and immediately start the emergency rescue system.
(3) According to the type of accident, report to the government authorities where the accident occurred.
(4) The report shall include the following contents:
-- Time, category, location and related facilities of the accident;
-- Name and telephone number of the contact person, etc.
5 Emergency Response
5.1 Emergency Response to Large Scaffolding and Fall from Height Accidents
5.1.1 Emergency Response to Signs of Deformation Accident in Large Scaffolding Emergency measures
(1) Localized deformation of scaffolding caused by foundation settlement. Set up eight bumps or scissor braces on the transverse section of double-row scaffolding, and set up a group of vertical rods every other row until the outer row of the deformed area. The foot of the eight bumps or scissor braces must be set on the solid and reliable foundation.
(2) the scaffolding depends on the root of the overhanging steel beam deflection deformation exceeds the specified value, should be overhanging steel beam anchorage point for reinforcement, steel beam above the steel support plus U-shaped bracket screwed tightly against the roof. There is a gap between the pre-embedded steel ring and the steel beam, which should be prepared and tightened with horse wedge. Hanging steel beam outer end of the wire rope check one by one, all tightened to ensure uniform force.
(3) scaffolding unloading, pulling system localized damage, immediately according to the original program developed unloading pulling method to restore, and has produced deformation of the parts and rods to correct. Such as correcting the deformation of the scaffolding to the outward tension, first set up a 5t inverted chain according to each opening, and the structure of the taut, loosen the rigidity of the pulling point, each point at the same time to the inward tightening of the inverted chain to the deformation of the deformation is corrected, do a good job of rigidity of pulling, and unloading points of the steel wire rope tightening, so that its force is uniform, and finally let go of the inverted chain.
5.1.2 Emergency measures when large scaffolding destabilizes and causes collapse and casualties
(1) Quickly determine the exact location of the accident, the possible scope of the accident, the degree of scaffolding damage, casualties, etc., so as to dispose of them according to the different situations.
(2) Delineate the specific area of the accident, and non-rescue personnel are not allowed to enter the specific area without permission. Rapidly verify the number of people working on the scaffolding, if any person is crushed under the collapsed scaffolding, immediately take reliable measures to reinforce the surrounding area, and then dismantle or cut the rod that presses down the injured person, and move the injured person out. If the scaffolding is too heavy, the crane can be used to lift the frame slowly in order to save people. If there are no casualties, immediately implement treatment measures such as scaffolding reinforcement or removal. The above actions shall be arranged by the experienced safety officer and the head scaffolder.
5.1.3 Rescue measures in case of fall from height
(1) Rescuers firstly organize rescue immediately according to the injured part, prompt the injured to get out of the dangerous environment quickly, send them to the hospital for treatment, and protect the scene. Look around the scene of the accident, there are no other sources of danger.
(2) While rescuing the injured, quickly report the accident scene to the superior.
(3) Rescuing the injured in several situations:
-- If it is confirmed that the person is dead, immediately protect the scene.
-- If the person is unconscious, injured internal organs, fractures and massive blood loss: ① Immediately contact 120, 999 ambulance or the nearest hospital to the scene, and explain the injury. In order to achieve the best results, but also according to the injury sent to a specialized hospital. ② traumatic hemorrhage: before the arrival of emergency vehicles, the scene to take measures to stop bleeding. ③ fracture: pay attention to the protection of the handling, the unconscious, may be injured in the spine, internal organs, or the injury is not known to all use a stretcher or flatbed, prohibit the use of cradling, hugging, back and other means of transportation of the injured.
-- General injuries sent to the hospital for examination to prevent tetanus.
5.2 Emergency response to electrocution
(1) Cut off the power supply, turn off the switch on the socket or pull out the plug. If you cannot reach the outlet switch, turn off the main switch. Do not try to turn off the switch on that piece of electrical equipment, as it may be the switch that is leaking electricity.
(2) If you are unable to turn off the switch, stand on something insulated, such as a stack of thick newspapers, plastic sheeting, a wooden board, etc., and pivot the injured person away from the power source with a broom or a wooden chair, or use a rope, pants, or any strip of dry cloth around the injured person's armpits or legs to drag the injured person away from the power source. Do not touch the injured person with your hands, pivot the injured person away from the power source with a wet tool or metal substance, or drag the injured person with a wet object.
(3) If the person's breathing stops, begin artificial respiration and chest compressions. Remember not to give the electrocuted person a strong cardiac injection. If the injured person is unconscious, place his/her body in a horizontal position.
(4) If the victim is unconscious, has suffered burns, or feels unwell, call an ambulance or take the victim to a hospital immediately.
(5) In case of electrocution at high altitude, the power supply should be cut off immediately, and the injured person should be carried to a nearby flat place and given first aid immediately.
(6) the principle of on-site rescue of electrocution: the experienced principle of on-site rescue of electrocution is: rapid, on-site, accurate and persistent. Rapidly - when the electrocuted from the power supply; local - must be in the vicinity of the scene on-site rescue, the patient is conscious in the vicinity of the hospital rescue. Counting from the time of electrocution, within 5 minutes of timely rescue, life-saving rate of about 90%. 10 minutes of rescue, life-saving rate of 6.15% hope is very small; accurate - artificial respiration must be accurately sent to the action; adhere to - as long as there is a million percent of the hope that nearly 100 percent of the efforts to rescue.
5.3 Collapse accident emergency disposal
(1) collapse accident occurs, the arrangement of special people to cut off the relevant gates in a timely manner, and on-site collection of audio and video data. Immediately after the occurrence of the organization of emergency personnel to arrive at the scene within half an hour again. According to the specific situation, take manual and mechanical combination of methods to deal with the collapse site. Rescue if encountered in the collapse of huge objects, manual handling is difficult, you can mobilize large cranes for mobilization. In close proximity to the slope, must stop mechanical operations, all change to manual pickpocket, to prevent accidental injury to buried personnel. On-site rescue, but also to arrange for specialized personnel on the slope, shelf material to monitor and clean up, to prevent the expansion of the accident.
(2) the accident scene should be set around the cordon.
(3) the principle of unified command and close coordination. After the collapse accident, the participating forces are many, the scene situation is complex, all kinds of forces need to be in the scene under the unified command of the General Command Department, active cooperation, close coordination, **** with the completion.
(4) the principle of fast system, decisive action. In view of the collapse of the accident has sudden, in a short time is not easy to deal with, disposal action must be done to receive the police dispatch fast, arrive fast, ready to fast, evacuation and rescue fast, to achieve the purpose of the fast system fast.
(5) the principle of scientific, steady and reliable. To solve the collapse accident to talk about science, to avoid impatient action triggered by continuous collapse accidents.
(6) The principle of saving people first. When the scene meets the personnel is threatened, the first task is to rescue the personnel.
(7) rescue of the injured immediately contact with emergency centers and hospitals, requesting the dispatch of emergency vehicles and make first aid preparations to ensure that the injured get timely medical treatment.
(8) accident scene forensics rescue operations, arrange for personnel to do a good job at the same time the accident investigation and evidence collection, in order to facilitate the accident processing, to prevent the loss of evidence.
(9) self-protection, in the rescue operation, rescue machinery and equipment and rescue personnel should strictly implement safety regulations, with all the safety facilities and protective tools, strengthen self-protection, to ensure that the rescue operation process of personal safety and property safety.
5.4 Welding injury emergency response
(1) No specialized training is not allowed to carry out welding work. Welders welding boiler pressurized parts, pipelines and pressurized containers and other equipment, must be in accordance with the requirements of the boiler supervision regulations (welder examination part), after the basic examination and supplementary examination, and hold a certificate of conformity, before being allowed to work.
(2) welders should wear canvas overalls, wearing a work cap, the shirt is not allowed to tie in the pants. Pockets shall be covered and feet wear insulated rubber shoes to avoid burns while welding.
(3) welders should wear insulated gloves, not wet hands operation, so as to avoid welding electric shock.
(4) Prohibit the use of defective welding tools and equipment.
(5) overhead welding operators, should correctly wear a safety belt, the work surface is set up horizontal mesh pockets and laying colorful strips of cloth, around the maintenance of a dense mesh, in order to prevent welding slag spatter.
(6) is not allowed to carry out welding on equipment with pressure (liquid pressure or gas pressure) or electrified equipment.
(7) the site on the fixed power line must be added to the plastic casing buried protection, in order to prevent electrocution by the pressure of the processed parts.
(8) Before welding construction, the project should be unified for the fire certificate.
5.5 Vehicle fire accident emergency disposal
(1) vehicle fire accident occurs, the project should immediately organize personnel to extinguish the fire, and unloading the goods on the car if possible.
(2) Clear the road at the scene of the incident to ensure the smooth progress of rescue work and evacuate the crowd to a safe place.
(3) in the process of first aid, in the event of a threat to the right to personal safety, should first ensure the safety of the person, and quickly organized out of the danger area or place, and then take first aid measures.
(4) in order to prevent the vehicle explosion, project personnel in addition to self-help, but also to the social professional rescue team for help, as soon as possible to extinguish the fire.
(5) regular inspection and maintenance of vehicles, check the vehicle mountain fire extinguishers equipped to ensure good condition is the best measure to prevent the vehicle fire.
(6) the summer weather is hot, high temperature inside the car, in order to prevent spontaneous combustion of the vehicle phenomenon, should try to park the car in the shade or regularly on the car both sprinkler cooling.
5.6 Emergency Response to Major Traffic Accidents
(1) After the accident, quickly call the emergency number and notify the traffic police.
(2) After receiving the alarm, the project should immediately organize a self-help team to quickly send the injured to nearby hospitals and send someone to protect the scene.
(3) Assist the traffic police in clearing the road at the scene of the incident to ensure the smooth progress of the rescue work and evacuate the crowd to a safe place.
(4) to do a good job in the aftermath of the people's appeasement, aftermath work.
5.7 Emergency Disposal of Fire and Explosion Accidents and Incidents
5.7.1 Principles to be Followed in the Emergency Response Process of Fire and Explosion Accidents and Incidents
(1) After an emergency occurs, the person who finds out the emergency should immediately call the police. Once this plan is activated, the relevant responsible person should take the disposal of major emergencies as the overriding priority, and never shirk and delay for any reason. Between the departments, between the units must obey the command, coordination and matching, *** with the good work. Because of the work is not in place or dereliction of duty caused serious consequences, to pursue the responsibility of the relevant personnel.
(2) the project in the receipt of the alarm, should immediately organize self-rescue team, according to the pre-established emergency program immediately self-rescue; if the situation is serious, it is difficult to control and deal with, should be immediately in the self-rescue at the same time to the professional team to rescue, and closely cooperate with the rescue team.
(3) Clear the road at the scene of the incident to ensure the smooth progress of the rescue work; evacuate the crowd to a safe place.
(4) in the process of first aid, in the event of a threat to personal safety, should first ensure personal safety, and quickly organize to get out of the dangerous area or place, and then take first aid measures.
(5) cut off the power supply, combustible gases (liquids) to prevent the expansion of the situation.
(6) The safety director is the emergency affairs liaison, responsible for the liaison of emergency things.
(7) After the emergency is over, the safety director should fill in the record and call the relevant personnel to study the countermeasures to prevent the recurrence of the accident.
5.7.2 Emergency Measures for Fire and Explosion Accidents
(1) Fire safety education for construction personnel
The purpose is to help construction personnel to learn fire prevention, fire extinguishing, evacuation, hazardous materials transfer and other safety evacuation knowledge and response methods, and to improve the psychological tolerance and resilience of construction personnel to the occurrence of fire and explosion. Once an emergency occurs, construction workers can not only calmly save themselves, but also calmly cooperate with outside firefighters to do a good job of extinguishing fires, and reduce fire accident losses to a minimum level.
(2) early warning. When the incident occurs, the construction workers in the safety zone can pass the information and location of the fire occurrence to the construction workers on the upper floors through cell phones and walkie-talkies.
(3) Use of elevators, stairs, and bridleways in emergencies
In the event of a fire in a high-rise building, indoor elevators and external elevators cannot be used to escape. Because the indoor elevator shaft will produce a "chimney effect", the external elevator will occur power short circuit. It is best to escape through the indoor staircase or outdoor scaffolding horse path (the building height of the project is not high, it is best to take this method of escape). If the downward staircase is blocked, construction workers can wait patiently for rescue on a certain floor or at the top of the building, open the window or cut through the safety net to maintain ventilation, while covering your mouth and nose with a wet cloth and waving a colorful helmet to indicate where you are. Do not escape crowded in the horse path.
5.7.3 fire, explosion evacuation should be avoided behavioral factors
(1) people gathered
Disaster, due to the human physiological response and psychological reaction to determine the behavior of the affected persons with obvious light-oriented, blindly follow the nature. Light-oriented refers to the darkness, especially when you can not identify the direction, desperate, as long as there is a ray of light, people will be eager to go to the light. Blindness refers to the sudden change of events, life is threatened, people due to excessive tension, panic, and lose the ability to correctly understand and judge, as long as someone a greeting, will lead to a lot of people to follow, crowded escape, which will affect the evacuation and even cause casualties.
(2) panic behavior
is an excessive and unwise fleeing behavior, it is very likely to lead to a variety of injurious emotional actions. Such as: despair, hysteria, etc.. This behavior leads to "competitive" crowding, and then into the fire, through the smoke space and jumping and other actions, often with disastrous consequences.
(3) re-entry behavior
The victims have been evacuated or will be evacuated from the fire, due to some special reasons to drive them to re-enter the fire, which also belongs to a kind of risky behavior, in the actual case of the fire, due to the re-entry of the fire and lead to catastrophic consequences of the occupants of a large proportion.
5.8 Emergency response to mechanical injuries
The emergency director immediately summoned members of the emergency response team to analyze the scene of the accident, clarify the rescue steps, the required equipment, facilities and personnel, in accordance with the planning, division of labor, the implementation of rescue. When rescue vehicles are needed, the emergency director should arrange for a person to pick up the car and lead the rescue vehicle to quickly rescue.
5.8.1 Tower crane signs of accident emergency measures
(1) tower crane foundation sinking, tilting: ① should immediately stop the operation, and the slewing mechanism is locked to limit its rotation. ② According to the situation, set the ground anchor to control the tilt of the tower crane.
(2) tower crane balance arm, lifting arm folding arm: ① tower crane can not do any action. ② in accordance with the rescue program, according to the situation using welding and other means, the tower crane structure reinforcement, or connecting methods to link the tower crane structure and other objects, to prevent the tower crane toppling over and in the demolition process of accidents. ③With 2-3 sets of appropriate tonnage crane, a lock lifting arm, a lock balance arm. One of them plays the role of balancing the moment when removing the arm to prevent the sudden change of force and cause tipping. ④According to the order specified in the rescue plan, remove the deformed connectors in the connectors of the lifting arm or balance arm, cut them with gas welding, and remove the boom with the crane; ⑤Dismantle the tower crane according to normal tower dismantling procedures, and cut the deformed structure with gas welding.
(3) tower crane tipping: ① take welding, connecting methods, without destroying the instability of the force to increase the equilibrium moment, control the development of dangerous situations. ② selection of the appropriate amount of tonnage crane in accordance with the rescue program will be dismantled tower crane, deformed parts with gas welding cut or adjusted.
(4) anchoring system risk: ① tower balance arm corresponding to the building, the arm should be smooth and lock the process. ② The tower crane anchoring system reinforcement. ③ If you need to replace the anchoring system components, the first tower crane down to the required height, and then replace the components.
(5) tower structure deformation, fracture, weld: ① tower balance arm corresponding to the deformed parts, the arm should be smooth and locked. ② according to the situation using welding and other means, the tower crane structural deformation or fracture, open welding parts of the reinforcement. ③ Falling tower to replace the damaged structure.
5.8.2 Small mechanical equipment accident emergency measures
(1) the occurrence of a variety of mechanical injuries, should first cut off the power supply, and then according to the nature of the injury parts and injuries to deal with.
(2) According to the degree of injury to the site personnel, while notifying the emergency hospital, on-site rescue of slightly injured people.
(3) Do not blindly rescue the seriously injured person who is not sure of the injury part and the degree of injury, so as not to cause more serious injuries.
5.8.3 Disposal of casualties caused by mechanical injury accidents:
(1) Quickly determine the exact location of the accident, the scope of possible spread, the degree of damage to equipment, casualties, etc., in order to dispose of them according to the different situations.
(2) Delineate the specific area of the accident, non-rescue personnel, without permission shall not enter the specific area. Rapidly verify the number of people operating on the tower crane, if any person is crushed under the collapsed equipment, immediately take reliable measures to reinforce the surrounding area, and then dismantle or cut the pole that crushed the injured person to remove the injured person.
(3) Rescue of injured persons in several situations:
-- If it is confirmed that the person is dead, immediately protect the scene;
-- If the person is unconscious, injured viscera, fractures and massive blood loss:
- ① Immediately contact the 120, 999 emergency ambulance or the nearest hospital to the scene, and explain the condition of the injuries. In order to achieve the best results, but also according to the injury to contact a specialized hospital. ② traumatic hemorrhage: emergency vehicles have not arrived before the scene to take measures to stop bleeding. ③ fracture: pay attention to the protection of moving, unconscious, may be injured in the spine, internal organs or unknown injuries always use a stretcher or flatbed, shall not be a person to lift the shoulder, a person to lift the leg.
-- General trauma: ① depending on the injury to the hospital to prevent tetanus. ② minor internal injuries, sent to the hospital for examination.
-- Develop rescue measures must consider the safety and risk of the measures taken, after evaluation to confirm the safety of the implementation of the rescue, to avoid improper measures to avoid triggering new injuries or losses.
6 Emergency supplies and equipment
(1) equipment for rescuers: helmets, protective suits, protective boots, protective gloves, seat belts, respiratory protection apparatus, etc.;
(2) fire extinguishing agents: water, foam, CO2, halothane, dry powder, inert gas, etc.;
(3) fire extinguishers: dry powder, foam, 1211, gas extinguisher, etc.;
(3) fire extinguishers: dry powder, foam, 1211, gas extinguishers, etc.< /p>
(4) simple fire-fighting tools: brooms, shovels, buckets, basins, sandboxes, asbestos quilt, wet cloths, dry powder bags, etc.;
(5) fire rescue equipment: life nets, life ladders, life bags, life mats, life skids, descender, etc.;
(6) auto-suscitator: suitable for rescue of respiratory depression or suffocation in a state of pseudo-death due to poisoning and asphyxiation, chest injuries, drowning, electrocution and other reasons. Inhibition or asphyxia in the pseudo-death state of the casualty.
(7) communication equipment: a fixed telephone, cell phone: in principle, one for each manager, a number of walkie-talkies.
7 Preparedness management
7.1 Training
(1) According to the different trainees and work positions, select the training content and develop training programs.
(2) Training content: the ability and awareness to identify abnormalities and report them in time; how to correctly deal with various accidents; self-rescue and mutual rescue ability; knowledge of the use of a variety of rescue equipment and tools; methods of contact with superiors and subordinates and the meaning of the various signals; what are the dangers of hidden dangers in the workplace; the use of protective gear and homemade simple protective gear; how to act in an emergency.
7.2 Exercise
The project department organizes actual on-site drills at least once a quarter in accordance with the hypothetical accident scenarios, and records the drill program and its passage on file.
8 Revision and improvement of the plan
(1) In order to be able to apply new technologies and methods to emergency rescue, as well as to maintain consistency in changing circumstances, the plan should be updated and rewritten if necessary.
(2) Hazardous sources and new installations, changes in personnel to carry out regular checks, the plan is updated in a timely manner.
(3) Improvement in practice and exercises to further rationalize the plan.