Since we want to emigrate, of course, we have to find the most suitable place for human life. There are indeed planets in the universe that are similar to Earth, such as "Kepler 452B" discovered by NASA in 2015, "Earth's twin brother" Proxima b discovered in 2016, and three habitable planets in the Trappist-1 habitable zone discovered in February 2017, among others. Three habitable planets in the Trappist-1 habitable zone were discovered in February 2017. But these planets are tens of light-years or more away from Earth, and current vehicle technology is far from being able to achieve manned arrival.
Within the solar system, planets with too much gravity for humans to land on, extremely cold and hot environments for humans to survive in, too much distance from Earth that would result in too much round-trip time, and Venus, which is too hostile of an environment, removing those options leaves only Mars.
As far as current knowledge goes, Mars is indeed the most promising exoplanet for a manned landing. However, its environment is still quite different from Earth's: Mars has a surface gravity of about 38% of Earth's, an air pressure of less than 1% of Earth's, an atmospheric composition of 95% carbon dioxide, an average temperature of -63°C, and a rotation period of 24.6 hours. Still, it's the best we've got.
What are the technical difficulties of landing on Mars?
That's a beautiful thing to say, so why don't we hurry up and go to Mars? Wait, there are still some technical difficulties.
Human beings go to Mars, with the current transfer capacity projection, the mission will take more than five hundred days. These five hundred days of interplanetary flight and stay on the surface of Mars, will face many difficulties and challenges. From the human point of view, the main difficulties in landing on Mars are: radiation protection, weightlessness problem, nutrition and food, environmental control life support system. Medical support, psychological maintenance, life material security and out of the cabin operations and other issues, there are some other technical difficulties, such as the construction of a new type of spacecraft, the design of the Mars lander, the design of the return and re-entry system and so on. These difficulties have yet to be overcome, a long way to go!
How much do you know about the Mars immigration program
While there are many technical problems with landing on Mars that have not yet been solved, they do not prevent humans from planning to move to Mars with enthusiasm. The human "Mars dream" has a few preliminary plans.
1, Mars I immigration program
This plan was launched in June 2012 by Bas Lansdorp, plans to launch a Mars probe in 2018, the first batch of supplies will reach Mars in 2020, 2021 equipment in Mars began to manufacture for astronauts to use water and oxygen, the first batch of astronauts arrived in Mars in 2023, you can start planting on Mars, food, food. food, and obtaining food.
2, Mars colonization plan
November 22, 2012, SpaceX's Ellen Musk initiated the Mars colonization plan: the first to send 10 warriors to Mars to establish a colony, when the time is ripe, and then gradually expand the scale of colonization, and ultimately, in the next 15-20 years, is expected to be about 80,000 people to Mars settlement.
3, inspiration Mars program
The plan was launched on April 22, 2013 by Dennis Tito (the first space tourists), content: the earliest in December 2017 to achieve, will use the California-based Space Exploration Technologies produced by the Falcon Heavy rocket and the "Dragon" spacecraft, the two astronauts sent into space, around the world. Two astronauts would be sent up into space to fly around Mars without entering its orbit, a process that would take 501 days. But, according to Prof. Scott Hubbard of Stanford University, the Inspiration Mars Foundation's technical report is "long on inspiration, short on technical details, and needs to be tweaked".
4. Zubrin's plan to transform Mars.
This plan seeks to realize the transformation of Mars from red Mars to green Mars and then to blue Mars, there are five main stages: ① warming Mars; ② soil warming, the release of carbon dioxide, so that the temperature of Mars, the soil water ice material melting, evaporation, the formation of rain and snow and other weather phenomena; ③ equatorial temperature of Mars reached more than 0 ℃, planting plants, the establishment of the surface of the ecological environment; ④ large-scale planting of all kinds of Plants, the development of agriculture, scientists to cultivate "super plants" to release a large amount of oxygen; ⑤ waiting for the Mars plants to release enough oxygen for humans to breathe freely during the period of time, repeat the work of the three and four stages.
Terraforming Mars, which many scientists believe will take 20,000 to 100,000 years, is out of reach. But scientist Robert Zubrin, founder of the Mars Society, believes the process could be completed in as little as about 1,000 years.